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강현아(H . A . Kang),김형선(H . S . Kim),전리라(L . L . Jun),김재홍(J . H . Kim),박창수(Chang Soo Park),서승식(S . S . Suh),이영호(Y . H . Lee) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.2
Ovarian tumors in pregnancy are relatively frequent. Most of them are benign and the malignant tumors have been very rare. Epithelial ovarian tumors of borderline malignant potential presents a well-defined histology and clinical behavior, comprising approximately 15-20% of all epithelial cancers. On the other hand, parovarian epithelial tumor with borderline malignant potential is very rare. In addition, there are some controversies about the orgin, clinical behavior, histologic grading of the parovarian epithelial tumor. We present a case of right parovarian serous tumor of borderline malgnancy in 30-year-old pregnant woman with a brief review of literatures.
Friction in Robot Joints is the Reason for Nonlinearity in Impedance Estimation
S. I. Hwang(황성일),H. A. Kang(강현아),S. H. Kang(강상훈) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월
A stochastic estimation of arm mechanical impedance (AMI) using a low-friction robot (MIT-MANUS) under Proportional-Derivative (PD) control reported low coherence, indicating nonlinearity in AMI in the low-frequency range. It was hypothesized that the nonlinearity was due to the nonlinearity in the arm. Another study using an industrial robot under a robust impedance control (IMBIC) compensating all the nonlinearities (e.g., Friction) of the robot reported no noticeable nonlinearity. We hypothesized that the nonlinearity is not from the human arm, and the nonlinearity is due to the friction in robot joints. Mechanical impedance of the spring array was estimated using a direct-drive robot, almost identical to MITMANUS, under PD control and IMBIC, respectively. All the coherence functions obtained with IMBIC were larger than 0.9 in the frequency range of interest. The coherence functions with PD control were less than 0.8 in the low frequencies (< 5 Hz). These results indicated that the nonlinearity is due to the friction in robot joints, even though the friction was small. It is indirect but strong evidence that the human arm behaves linearly for small perturbation, and even if the robot has a low friction level, the friction should be compensated for reliable estimation.
PMN / PT[0.9 Pb(Mg⅓Nb⅔)O₃-0.1 PbTiO₃]에 La이 첨가된 광섬유 전왜변환기를 이용한 간섭계형 광섬유 전계센서의 특성분석
강원석(W. S. Kang),이영탁(Y. T. Lee),강현서(H. S. Kang),정래성(R. S. Jung),이경식(K. S. Lee),장현명(H. M. Jang) 한국광학회 1996 한국광학회지 Vol.7 No.2
전왜재질 0.9 PMN/0.1 PT에 각각 조성비율이 1%, 2%, 3%의 La이 첨가된 3종류의 재질을 광섬유에 부착하여 광섬유 전왜변환기를 제작하였다. 실험결과 La 3% 첨가된 재질의 전왜계수가 3.38㎑에서 3.87×10^(-16)(m/V)²로 가장 크다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 La을 첨가함으로 해서 이력이 줄어듬을 알 수 있었다. La 3%인 재질로 구현된 광섬유 전계센서의 최소감지전계는 2.08(V/m)/√㎐였으며 가변영역 40㏈ 이상에 걸쳐서 선형성이 우수하였다. We report a fiber optic interferometric electric field sensor that utilizes electrostrictive ceramics-1%, 2%, 3%, La-doped 0.9PMN/0.1PT, respectively-as the transducing elements. It is also experimentally observed that 3% La-doped PMN/PT among the three elements has the largest electrostrictive coefficient M=3.87×10^(-16)(m/V)² at 3.38 ㎑ and displays small hysteresis. The optical fiber sensor with the 3% La-doped PMN/PT exhibits minimum detectable field of 2.08(V/m)/√㎐ and has a good linearity over the dynamic range 40 ㏈.
폴리머 기판상의 Al-doped ZnO 박막의 두께에 따른 특성 변화
김봉석,김응권,강현일,이규일,이태용,송준태,Kim, B.S.,Kim, E.K.,Kang, H.I.,Lee, K.I.,Lee, T.Y.,Song, J.T. 한국진공학회 2007 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.16 No.2
In this paper, we fabricated TCO (transparent conductive oxide) electrode on flexible substrate in order to study effects of electrical and optical properties according to Al-doped ZnO(AZO) film thickness. The thickness of film was from 100 nm to 500 nm and was controlled by changing deposition time. We used High Resolution X-ray Diffractometer (HR-XRD) to analyze crystal structure and UV-visible spectrophotometer to measure property of optical transmittance, respectively. The surface images are obtained by using ESEM (Environment Scanning Electron Microscopy). In this experiment, all the AZO films deposited on flexible substrate show high transmittance over 90% and especially in the films with 400 nm and 500 nm thickness, the resistivity ($4.5{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}-cm$) and optical bandgap energy (3.61 eV) are superior to the other films. 본 논문에서는 AZO 박막 두께 변화에 따른 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성의 영향에 대하여 연구하기 위하여 폴리카보네이트(PC : polycarbonate) 기판 위에 DC 스퍼터링법으로 증착시간을 변화시켜 박막의 두께를 조절하였다. 박막의 두께는 100 nm에서 500 nm까지 100 nm단위로 실험하였으며, 제작된 AZO 박막의 비저항 특성은 four point probe system를 이용하여 측정하였고, 박막의 입자크기, 표면상태를 Environment Secondary Electron Microscopy (ESEM)으로 관찰하였다. 또한 AZO 박막의 결정상태를 조사하기 위하여 High Resolution X-Ray Diffractometer (HR-XRD)를 이용하였고 광학적 투과도는 UV-visible spectrophotometer를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 모든 박막에서 90% 이상의 광투과도를 보였으며 400 nm과 500 nm 두께의 AZO 박막에서는 $4.5{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}-cm$의 비저항과 3.61 eV의 광밴드갭 에너지를 보였다.