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馬鎭浩 慶北大學校 1971 論文集 Vol.15 No.-
When we make a comparison of economic well-being, economic progresses, and competitive abilities in the world market between different countries, one has usually depended on the GNP indices and productive costs in money term. These indices, however, are not so reliable, since the price mechanism and market functions are being operated in an imperfect state, and the official exchange rates are unrealistic in these days. As a result, there has been a new concern in the measures of physical volume in making these comparisons. Prof. Rostas was the foremost pioneer in this frontier, and his first important essay was published in 1948 in England. In this article, he has provided the basis for a new examination of the questions raised by difference in productivity between different countries. Since then, many economists have been more concerened with the labor productivity and its international comparisons. However, the concepts and measurements of productivity, within a country or among countries, present a wide variety of methodological and statistical problems, and even there are some scepticism as to its usefulness as the instrument of economic analysis in capitalism. The aims of this paper are to study: (1) What kind of productivity concept is the most reasonable one for the economic analysis between different countries. (2) How the concept that has been asserted by me might be useful as an instrument in comparing competitive abilities in the world market between different countries. (3) What is meant by the international comparison of the labor prnudctivity.
龜尾地域의 工業化에 따른 諸問題點과 그 對策에 關한 硏究 : 經濟的 側面 an economic perspective
馬鎭浩 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1977 東洋文化硏究 Vol.4 No.-
This study explores and analyze some problems in the process of industrialization of Gumi area and then recommends some preparatory measures to cope with these circumstances. Chapter One present an introductory role to understanding the Gumi industrial complex by tracing its history, location and present conditions. Chapter Two explores the socio-economic effects brought about by industrialization of Gumi Area in three parts: (1) the effects on employment; (2) the effects on income growth; (3) the effects on export increase. The effects on employment enlargement goes to the extent that the industrialization of the Gumi area has greatly reduced the disguised unemplaymenis which had been existed in this once rural area; especially the reduction is remarkable for the unmarried female labor force who are the main man-power of the industrial complex. Not only those unmarried female laborers in this community but also those in the neighboring communities are diffused to be employed. At present it is estimated that this portion of labor force are almost fully employed. In the second place, the industrialization of the Gumi area has made a great contribution to the income growth of the people of this area. Despite the existing factors that might cause to decrease the income level such as the erosion of arable land, the increase of tax burden, and the rise of prices of commodity, it is estimated that the industrialization of the Gumi area has brought increase in income of the people of the area due to the increase of the employment, increase in property income owing to the rise of property prices and prosperity in various kinds of service industry. Therefore, factors leading to the increase of income overwhelm those leading to the opposite. Thus, the net increase of income per year is estimated to reach about five billions won in total which means 200,000 won of yearly income per household of this area. Thirdly, goal achievement has not been satisfactory in the area of export increment effect. Despite its purpose as an export industrial complex, only one third-of its total products has been exported. Out of 100 operating companies, twentyfour companies have never exported their production to foreign countries. Chapter Three analytically discusses various problems caused by industrilaizing Gumi area in terms of three perspectives: (1) efficiency aspect of the Gumi industrial complex management; (2) the problems of supporting projects (3) supply and demand of labor forces. The chapter also presents some measures to cope with these problems. First, in the discussion of the efficiency of the industrial complex management, several points including inefficiency of land use, unsatisfactory condition of export, lack of cooperation and production line arrangement between firms have been discussed with the proposal of some recommendations to remedy these conditions and problems. Secondly, problems pointed toward the supporting projects include the shortage of transportation instruments, housing and others. These problems are seriously discussed with the proposal of recommendations to be implemented both in short term and long term. Thirdly, the discussion of the problems of supply and demand in labor force analyzes and explores the prospective demand of labor force and the possibility of supply of labor force. It is expected that the near future will see shortage of labor force. Some measures to meet these problems have been proposed both on a short term and long term basis. Lastly in the concluding chapter, we have discussed some difficulties found in the process of industrialization of the Gumi area and summarizes our recommendations, We have conclusively made it clear that achieving a smooth progress in the industrialization of this area, most of all, requires formation of background cities surrounding the Gumi area.