학교 숲과 학생 건강과의 관계 (pp.51-62)

조한무(趙漢武) 한국홀리스틱교육학회 1999 홀리스틱융합교육연구 Vol.3 No.3

The cultivation of a forest in schools has its importance in that forest gives a lot of merits to students in terms of their health. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationships between a school forest and students’ health. In this paper, I would like to suggest that forest has its environmental functions such as proof of noisy sounds and cleansing air pollution, Second, the negative ions emerged from forests have its good effects on the improvement of health conditions. In particular, activities in the school have such a similar effects as forest bathing in its medical effects.

초등 체육 수업에서 적용 가능한 평가도구 소개

조한무 仁川敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2004 과학교육논총 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of the study was to review the applicable assessment tool in elementary school physical education in accordance with changing phases. The study questions were (1) what would be the results of using portfolio forms in elementary school physical education classes and; (2) what would be the results of using a comprehensive assessment portfolio. The research methods were composed of Del-phi technique to explore the possibility of applicable assessment tool and qualitative research material. The results of the study were (1) the portfolio which can perform assessment and instruction should record cumulatively and be core assessment tool; (2) the portfolio which contains experts' opinions and students' reflection, and individual goal can be student-centered instruction and ; (3) the portfolio materials which assess learning developmental processes continually and comprehensively should be applied, considering long-term student performance, individual potential and characteristics.

포트폴리오 평가 방식을 적용한 체육 수업 과정 분석

조한무 한국열린교육학회 1997 열린교육연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of portfolio assessment in physical education. Portfolio assessment groups were compared with traditional assessment groups. The devices used in evaluating the effects of the instructional assessments were method of managing lesson, active learning time, interactions between teachers and students, interactions among the students, Four schools were involved in the study, in which two primary schools hired portfolio assessment and the other two primary schools applied traditional assessment. To make the study more reliable, 80 physical education specialists, trained in using portfolio assessment, were selected as descriptive survey examinees. Data collection was made by employing (1) document collection. (2) narrative observation. (3) participant observation. (4) in-depth interview, (5) descriptive survey, which are usually used in ethnographic study. The data collected were analyzed by using (1) coding by subjects, (2) taxonomic analysis, (3) plan analysis, (4) process analysis, (5) learning time analysis, (6) frequency analysis. In the research, two assessment systems were employed: one was traditional assessment system and the other one was portfolio assessment system. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Portfolio assessment groups practiced a variety of learning methods such as individual learning, group learning, interaction learning, while traditional assessment groups implemented conventional instruction. 2. Portfolio assessment groups had more active learning time than traditional assessment groups. 3. Portfolio assessment groups used various types of interactions- interaction between students and teachers, among peers, leaders and members. However, traditional assessment groups showed only one style of interaction- interaction between students and teachers. 4. High grade students in Portfolio assessment groups showed higher attention span. However, low grade students in portfolio assessment groups displayed lower attention span than those of the traditional assessment groups. Following are some suggestions for future physical education class: 1. Teachers lesson plan employing portfolio assessment system should be made so that portfolio assessment might be widely used in school. 2. Teachers should not be afraid of change. This would lead to the environment in which more teachers would be willing to use portfolio assessment system in school. 3. Teachers are required to guide low grade students individually so that the students know how to use portfolio assessment system.

교실수업 개선을 위한 초등 체육평가 : 배려를 중심으로

조한무 경인교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2009 교육논총 Vol.29 No.S

就學前 兒童의 運動能力 發達에 關한 硏究 : 5·6才 男·女兒를 中心으로

趙漢武 仁川敎育大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.2

視覺集中力(Visual concentration) 訓練이 테니스 競技力에 미치는 影響 : 서브 리시브를 中心으로 Centering Serve Receive

趙漢武 仁川敎育大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

K.R.의 授業模型이 運動學習에 미치는 影響

趙漢武 仁川敎育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

The effect learning could be different according to the methodology of implementing knowledge of result(K.R) model. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of K.R model on motor learing and to refer the result to the physical education. The experimental subject were 90 senior girls of Inchon Teachers College. From the analysis of result data, it was conclude as followers: 1) Highest effect was appeared from the mutual-learning model which was affected mostly by K. R model, and then demonstration-learning model, and friendly individual-learning model in the order. 2) There are different in individual-learning model to achieve the goal in case that one implements motor-learning model of complicated functional characteristics to the more than 30 students within a limited hour. 3) In implementing K.R model to the group of more than 30 students in order to increase the effect of learning, it is desirable to mix the mutual-learning model and the demonstration-learning model appropriately, and the individual-learning model is good for the slow learner.

체육과 교육에서 교사의 책무성(Accountability) 연구

조한무 仁川敎育大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

In the state of california the Still-Act was passed in 1971. This Stull-Act introduced the concept of accountability in the field of education. This concept of accountability was formulated to raise the teaching capabilities of school teachers. According to this concept of accountability the school teachers have the following responsibilities to the pupils; to present the tasks clearly, to induce the enthusiastic participation, to carry out the valuable and interesting, [Authentic Assessment]. According to the concept of accountability the school teachers have also the following responsibilites to themselves; to define and formulate the accountability-behaviors concretely, to keep the teaching methods afresh, to continue to develop one's capabilities as professional school teachers.

초등체육에서 통합교육의 적용 효과 - 4학년 표현활동을 중심으로

조한무(Cho Han-Moo),서재홍(Seo Jae-Hong) 한국홀리스틱융합교육학회 2004 홀리스틱융합교육연구 Vol.8 No.2

  본 연구는 통합교육을 초등체육에 적용하여 효과를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구 문제로는 체육교과를 중심으로 한 통합교육을 적용했을 때 학생들의 흥미도, 협동성, 학생간의 의사소통에 미치는 효과를 규명하는 것이다.<BR>  첫째, 통합교육을 통한 표현활동은 학습과정에서 타 교과 시간에 학습한 다양한 내용과 자료를 체육시간에 활용하게 되어 주제에 대한 이해가 빠르고 자신감이 높아 학생들이 매우 흥미 있어 하였다.<BR>  둘째, 통합교육을 통한 표현활동은 학생들이 상당히 자연스럽고도 적극적으로 협동하는 모습을 자주 볼 수 있었다.<BR>  셋째, 통합교육을 통한 표현활동은 특히 타 교과 시간에 학습한 내용을 체육 시간에 활용하기 위한 교과 내용에 대한 의사소통이 많았다.   The purpose of this study was to effect applying integration education to primary grade physical education. Interest of students examines closely efficiency on communication between a cooperativeness, a student when applied integration education that center physical education subject to subject of study to achieve research purpose.<BR>  The conclusions are as follows;<BR>  First, current year about subject is early because expression activity through integration education utilizes various contents and data that study at other subject time at a course of study at physical education time and because pride was high, students were very arresting.<BR>  Second, expression activity through integration education can often saw image that students are fairly natural and cooperate actively.<BR>  Third, there were a lot of communications for subject contents that expression activity through integration education takes advantage of contents that study at other subject time specially at physical education time.

체육 교사교육 교육과정에서 측정평가(M & E)에 대한 개선방향

趙漢武 仁川敎育大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

체육 교사교육 교육과정에서 측정평가의 개선방향에 대해 2가지 변인을 연구하였다. 하나는 형식적 교육과정의 변인이고 다른 하나는 교육과정 변인에서는 문제점 대안으로 현장 경험 확장이론, 교수학습방법 개선안, 형식적 책무성 체계의 측정평가활동 등을 제시했고, 실천적 교육과정 변인의 문제점 대안으로는 교사의 사회화 대책과 교사 개인의 책무성 체계(수업관찰 체계표) 활동을 제시했다. 이들 제안이 타당성이 있는지에 대하여 노력을 기울였으며 이들의 내용을 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 초임교사가 현장에 의욕을 갖고 부임하게 되지만 학교와 현장과의 가치구조 차이, 이론과 실제간의 차이에서 갈등을 경험하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 학교와 현장간의 연계성 있는 교사교육이 요구되었다. 이 요구를 만족시키기 위해 「James McCormick」의 현장확대 이론을 제시했다. 이러한 이론을 적용한다면 직전 교사들이 현장경험에 대한 기회가 확대될 것이고, 수업환경을 조절하는 교수기술이 길러질 수 있다는 가능성을 밝혔다. 교사교육 기간 중 교수기능 숙달은 교수기술과 기법을 얻는 것이다. (Swineller 1986) 직전교사들은 교수방법 효율화를 위해 개인적으로 철저히 노력해야 할 과정으로 최근 인식되고 있으나 학교환경에 따른 시간 부족과 개인적인 노력 부족 등의 부정적인 요소가 있다. 이 문제를 보완하기 위해 교수학습 방법 측면에서 모이 현상과 같은 조건 하에서 실제수업 시범 보이기, 현장조건과 같은 분위기 속에서 수업기술 연습, 그리고 측정평가 실제지도에 대한 피드백 노력이 필요함을 강조했다. 측정평가의 본질을 높이고, 행동목표와 평가와의 연계성 요구를 만족시키기 위해 Sieddntop(1983)이 강조한 형식적 책무성 체계를 제시했다. 이 형식적 책무성 체계에 의한 측정평가가 정규적으로 활용되도록 교육과정에서 필히 통합되어야 할 내용으로 제시하였다. 두번째로 실천적 교육과정 변인에서는 현장의 교사변인에 있어서 교사의 사회화 현상의 대안을 실용적 측정평가의 가능성을 모색하게 되었고 그 해남으로 관찰분석과 스포츠 프로필을 이용한 운동수행능력 평가와 측정평가의 전산화를 제시했다. 실천적 교육과정의 성공 여부는 교사에게 달려있다. 교사가 직전교육에서 측정평가에 대한 철학과 신념에 대해서 배우나 현장에서 지속되지 못한다면 실패하고 만다. 대부분의 교사들은 현장 환경의 부정적인 요인 때문에 갈등을 경험하고 성공적인 교수활동을 포기하게 된다. 이를 극복할 수 있는 대안으로 제시된 것이 교사 개인 책무성 체게 개발이다. 이는 자신의 수업 관찰 체계표를 작성하여 타인으로부터 평가를 요청하여 자기 교수행동에 대해 책임감을 증대시키고 자신의 역할에 대한 자신감을 갖게 하기 때문이다.