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宋兢燮 慶北大學校 文理科大學 1974 文理學叢 Vol.2 No.-
This essay treats the theoretical disputes over '4 Dan-7 Jong' theory in 'Ri-ki' philosophy between Lee Toigye (1501∼1570) and Ki Ko-bong (1527∼1572) The controversy begun in 1559 and continued for 7 years, can be devided into 3 periods in its development in content, the first of which, the theoretical developments of the two philosophers, has been treated here in their mutual comparisive aspects. Ki Ko-bong refuted Toigye's theory, and Toigye on his side refuted Kobong's refutation supporting his own theory. I here support Toigye on this point on several grounds. I go on thereafter to present the following problems of importance. (1) the Being, defined as 'Thin' in general, is devided into real and ideal Beings. (2) Everything is derived from, and explained by 'Thing', to which is applied Ri-ki logic, the logic which is plane-level logic, unlike the one which goes through contradiction to unification. (3) The method of philosophy is regarded as the way to the progressive realization of Goodness through introspection; the way includes nothing of the conversion from quantity to quality, but only the quantative development. (4) The principle on which to define good and bad is, here, 'Ju-Ri' (Ri as the main role), or 'Ju-Ki' (Ki as the main role), the theory of mutual appearance of Ri and Ki. (5) The problem of the systemic order of values (goodness). The five problems above are very important in establishing Toigye philosophy on a newer and richer ground.
宋兢燮 慶星大學校 1987 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.8 No.4
This thesis has been prepared to serve as a basis for the study of the problems concerning Epistemology in NeoConfucianism. In NeoConfucianism, epistemological concept bases its source on Sim (the Mind) and claims Sim to be its origin. Such a claim is too loose and abstract; therefore, it requires efforts for readjustment through new inquiries to come up with epistemological explanation. In this view, a study should be made on both the true nature and the function of Sim itself. For the former, it should be on how Sim has come to be in existence; and for latter, it should be on the matters including the origin, limit and object of knowledge. This thesis aims at dealing with only the existence of Sim. It is true that in NeoConfuciamism, so far little study has been attempted to explain knowledge in epistemological view points. For that matter, this might be considered a new field of learning. Sadan and Chiljeong fall under the category of the functions of Sim, but they have never been inquired epistemologically. The author has felt the necessity of epistemological study on the knowledge of NeoConfucianism, and has decided to begin with the inquiry into the existence of Sim, which is the basis of the whole thing. The study has been made in the following sequence: ⑴ Viewpoints of the problems ⑵ Existence of sim ⑶ Attribute of Sim ⑷ Role of Sim ⑸ State of Sim In conclusion, it should be pointed out that so far the limit of existence and functions of Sim has remained unclear. The author has pinpointed the causes of such status and has made it clear that there is no explaining of the functions of Sim without the explanation of the existence of Sim