http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Zhi-lin Yuan,Zhen-zhu Su,Li-juan Mao,Yang-qing Peng,Guan-mei Yang,Fu-cheng Lin,Chu-long Zhang 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.1
Ecological niches in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of grasses capable of sustaining endophytes have been extensively studied. In contrast, little information regarding the identity and functions of endophytic fungi in stems is available. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic affinities, diversity, and host specificities of culturable endophytes in stems of wild rice (Oryza granulata) in China. Seventy-four isolates were recovered. Low recovery rate (11.7%) indicated that there were relatively few sites for fungal infection. Identification using morphology, morphospecies sorting, and molecular techniques resulted in classification into 50 taxa, 36 of which were recovered only once. Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis indicated that 30% of the total taxa recovered were highly divergent from known species and thus may represent lineages new to science. Most of the taxa were classified as members of the classes Sordariomycetes or Dothideomycetes (mainly in Pleosporales). The presence of Arthrinium and Magnaporthaceae species, most often associated with poaceous plants, suggested a degree of host specificity. A polyphasic approach was employed to identify two Muscodor taxa based on (i) ITS and RPB2 phylogenies, (ii) volatile compounds produced, and (iii)an in vitro bioassay of antifungal activity. This to our knowledge is only the second report regarding the isolation of Muscodor spp. in China. Therefore, we hypothesize that wild plants represent a huge reservoir of unknown fungi. The prevalence, novelty, and species-specificity of unique isolates necessitate a reevaluation of their contribution to ecosystem function and fungal biodiversity.
( Qing Xiang Zhou ),( Xing Jia Shen ),( Yong Zhu Yi ),( Ai Hua Xia ),( Zhi Fang Zhang ) 한국잠사학회 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2
We successfully extirpated all four hemopoietic organ-wing disc complexes of the fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori, and found that most of the treated silkworms could still develop into the moths. We investigated the changes of the circulating hemocytes and evaluated the effects of extirpation on the hemopoiesis. The results showed that proliferation of circulating hemocytes was sufficient to allow development of the silkworms which complexes were totally extirpated. We also found that hemopoitic organ-wing disc complexes extirpation might cause a certain hemopoietic compensation of the remainder complexes during early spinning. Exogenous hormones such as 20-β-hydrox-yecdysone and juvenile hormone analog had a positive effect on hemocytes proliferation.
CFD based simulations of flutter characteristics of ideal thin plates with and without central slot
Zhu, Zhi-Wen,Chen, Zheng-Qing,Gu, Ming Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.1
In this paper, the airflow around an ideal thin plate (hereafter referred to as ITP) with various ratios of central slot is simulated by using the finite-difference-method (FDM)-based Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian descriptions for the rigid oscillating body. The numerical procedure employs the second-order projection scheme to decouple the governing equations, and the multigrid algorithm with three levels to improve the computational efficiency in evaluating of the pressure equation. The present CFD method is validated through comparing the computed flutter derivatives of the ITP without slot to Theodorsen analytical solutions. Then, the unsteady aerodynamics of the ITP with and without central slot is investigated. It is found that even a smaller ratio of central slot of the ITP has notable effects on pressure distributions of the downstream section, and the pressure distributions on the downstream section will further be significantly affected by the slot ratio and the reduced wind speeds. Continuous increase of $A_2^*$ with the increase of central slot may be the key feature of the slotted ITP. Finally, flutter analyses based on the flutter derivatives of the slotted ITP are performed, and moreover, flutter instabilities of a scaled sectional model of a twin-deck bridge with various ratios of deck slot are investigated. The results confirm that the central slot is effective to improve bridge flutter stabilities, and that the flutter critical wind speeds increase with the increase of slot ratio.
CFD based simulations of flutter characteristics of ideal thin plates with and without central slot
Zhi-wen Zhu,Zheng-qing Chen,Ming Gu 한국풍공학회 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.1
In this paper, the airflow around an ideal thin plate (hereafter referred to as ITP) with various ratios of central slot is simulated by using the finite-difference-method (FDM)-based Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian descriptions for the rigid oscillating body. The numerical procedure employs the second-order projection scheme to decouple the governing equations, and the multigrid algorithm with three levels to improve the computational efficiency in evaluating of the pressure equation. The present CFD method is validated through comparing the computed flutter derivatives of the ITP without slot to Theodorsen analytical solutions. Then, the unsteady aerodynamics of the ITP with and without central slot is investigated. It is found that even a smaller ratio of central slot of the ITP has notable effects on pressure distributions of the downstream section, and the pressure distributions on the downstream section will further be significantly affected by the slot ratio and the reduced wind speeds. Continuous increase of with the increase of central slot may be the key feature of the slotted ITP. Finally, flutter analyses based on the flutter derivatives of the slotted ITP are performed, and moreover, flutter instabilities of a scaled sectional model of a twin-deck bridge with various ratios of deck slot are investigated. The results confirm that the central slot is effective to improve bridge flutter stabilities, and that the flutter critical wind speeds increase with the increase of slot ratio.
Genetic Effects of Polymorphisms in Myogenic Regulatory Factors on Chicken Muscle Fiber Traits
Yang, Zhi-Qin,Qing, Ying,Zhu, Qing,Zhao, Xiao-Ling,Wang, Yan,Li, Di-Yan,Liu, Yi-Ping,Yin, Hua-Dong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6
The myogenic regulatory factors is a family of transcription factors that play a key role in the development of skeletal muscle fibers, which are the main factors to affect the meat taste and texture. In the present study, we performed candidate gene analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the MyoD, Myf5, MyoG, and Mrf4 genes using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism in 360 Erlang Mountain Chickens from three different housing systems (cage, pen, and free-range). The general linear model procedure was used to estimate the statistical significance of association between combined genotypes and muscle fiber traits of chickens. Two polymorphisms (g.39928301T>G and g.11579368C>T) were detected in the Mrf4 and MyoD gene, respectively. The diameters of thigh and pectoralis muscle fibers were higher in birds with the combined genotypes of GG-TT and TTCT (p<0.05). Moreover, the interaction between housing system and combined genotypes has no significant effect on the traits of muscle fiber (p>0.05). Our findings suggest that the combined genotypes of TT-CT and GG-TT might be advantageous for muscle fiber traits, and could be the potential genetic markers for breeding program in Erlang Mountain Chickens.
Transovarial Transmission of Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in the Silkworm
Xiao, Qing-Li,Zhang, Zhi-Fang,Yi, Yong-Zhu,He, Jia-Lu Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.2 No.2
Whether Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) can be transmitted to offspring, has been a noticeable question for a long time. When fifth instar larvae of the silkworm were orally inoculated with BmNPV dot hybridization and PCR amplification analysis demonstrated that BmNPV was not detected in the eggs laid by BmNPV productively infected female moths. The results indicated that BmNPV could not be transovarially transmitted.
Zhou, Qing-Xiang,Shen, Xing-Jia,Yi, Yong-Zhu,Xia, Ai-Hua,Zhang, Zhi-Fang Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2
We successfully extirpated all four hemopoietic organ-wing disc complexes of the fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori, and found that most of the treated silkworms could still develop into the moths. We investigated the changes of the circulating hemocytes and evaluated the effects of extirpation on the hemopoiesis. The results showed that proliferation of circulating hemocytes was sufficient to allow development of the silkworms which complexes were totally extirpated. We also found that hemopoietic organ-wing disc complexes extirpation might cause a certain hemopoietic compensation of the remainder complexes during early spinning. Exogenous hormones such as $20-{\beta}-hydroxyecdysone$ and juvenile hormone analog had a positive effect on hemocytes proliferation.
Effects of Insect Hormones on the Replication of Nucleopolyhedrovirus
Zhang, Zhi-Fang,Yi, Yong-Zhu,Xiao, Qing-Li,He, Jia-Lu,Zhou, Ya-Jing,Zhang, Yuan-Xing Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.2
An experimental study was undertaken to quantify the effects of insect hormones on the replication of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). The results demonstrated that TCID/ sub 50/ at 72 h post-infection (hpi) rose systematically from 0.55$\times$10$^{8}$ /m1, for untreated cells, up to 1.67$\times$10$^{8}$ / ml at 3$\mu$g/ml, then dropped down to 1.45$\times$10$^{8}$ /m1 at 4 $\mu$g/ml, by adding ecdysone to the culture medium for Bm-N cells infected with a wild-type Bambyx mori. nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). The optimum enhancement of about 3 times on budded virus (BV) titer at 72 hpi was given at 3 $\mu$g/ml of ecdysone. While the polyhedra number had no obvious variation within the range of concentrations from 0 to 4 $\mu$g/ml. By addition of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) into the media with this concentration range, the BmNPV TCID/ sub 50/ and polyhedra number at 72 hpi did not show significant changes. Also, the addition of either 3 $\mu$g/ml of ecdysone or 3 $\mu$g/ml of JHA to the culture media did not appear to affect the TCID/ sub 50/ and polyhedra number significantly in infected Sf-21 cells with the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV).
Kinetics of thermal decomposition of ε-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane by TG-DSC-MS-FTIR
Yan-Li Zhu,Ming-Xin Shan,Zhi-Xia Xiao,Jing-Si Wang,Qing-Jie Jiao 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.6
Thermal decomposition of ε-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was studied by thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-DSC-MS-FTIR) simultaneous analysis. It has been shown that there is a crystal transition point for ε-HNIW, and only a single decomposition process has been observed for HNIW. The kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of HNIW were obtained by Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods, indicating that HNIW has the higher reactivity compared to the other nitramines. The HNIW decomposition mechanism demonstrated by the non-isothermal kinetics conformed to Avrami-Erofeev equation with the factor of nucleus growth of n=1/3 and the conversion degree of α from 0.1 to 0.7. The MS and FTIR analyses indicated that the thermal decomposition of HNIW favors N-N bond cleavage over C-N bond cleavage as the rate determining step.