Internationalization and Firm Performance of the Chinese Service Industry

Xie, Yi-Ming,김민호 한국산업경제학회 2024 산업경제연구 Vol.37 No.1

The relationship between internationalization and performance has been an important research topic. The majority of the existing literature has focused on manufacturing firms, with limited attention given to service-oriented firms. The incorporation of the industrial environment in testing this relationship has been notably absent in these studies. This study addresses these gaps by examining the relationship between internationalization and performance, ㅈassessing the impact of the service industries' industrial environment on this relationship using industry competition intensity as a moderating variable. Utilizing a sample of 824 firms in China, this study employs panel data for both time and individual fixed effects analyses. The results demonstrates that the relationship between internationalization and firm performance followed an S-shaped curve pattern. We also find that industry competition intensity significantly moderated the relationship between internationalization and firm performance. 기업의 국제화와 성과 간의 관계는 지금까지 많이 연구되어 온 중요한 연구 주제 중 하나이다. 그러나 기존 문헌의 대부분은 제조업에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 서비스 산업에 대한 관심은 제한적이다. 또한 이러한 관계를 검증할 때 산업 환경을 고려한 연구 역시 제한적이다. 본 연구는 서비스 산업의 국제화와 성과 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 산업 경쟁 강도를 조절 변수로 사용하여 산업 환경이 이 관계에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 중국의 824개 기업 표본을 활용하여 시간 및 개별 고정 효과 분석을 위해 패널 데이터를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 국제화와 기업 성과 간의 관계는 S자 곡선 패턴을 따르는 것으로 나타났고, 산업 경쟁 강도가 국제화와 기업 성과 간의 관계를 유의미하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 이론적 그리고 실무적 시사점을 도출하였다.

Ag₂S quantum dots-sensitized TiO₂ nanotube array photoelectrodes

Xie, Yi,Yoo, Seung Hwa,Chen, Chong,Cho, Sung Oh Elsevier 2012 Materials science and engineering B. Advanced Func Vol.177 No.1

<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S quantum dots (QDs) sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube arrays (TNTAs) were prepared using a sequential chemical bath deposition approach. ► Sensitization of Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S QDs extended the absorption spectra of TNTAs significantly to the visible light region. ► As a result, Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S QDs-sensitized TNTAs exhibited much higher photocurrent density than pure TNTAs under visible light irradiation.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S quantum dots (QDs) were deposited on ordered TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube arrays (TNTAs) using a sequential chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) approach. AgNO<SUB>3</SUB> and thiourea were used as the precursor materials of Ag<SUP>+</SUP> and S<SUP>2−</SUP> ions, respectively. The decoration of Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S QDs significantly shifted the absorption spectrum of the TNTAs to visible light region. As a result, Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S QDs-sensitized TNTAs exhibited much higher photocurrent density than pure TNTAs under visible light irradiation.</P>

Feasibility of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Bio-carries in Hepatocytes Cultivation

Yi-Min Xie,Hou-Kuan Zhao,Zhe-Zi Ye,Peng Wang,Jin-Ling Li,Shao-Qiong Zeng 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Rethinking of the Uncertainty: A Fault-Tolerant Target-Tracking Strategy Based on Unreliable Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Yi Xie ),( Guoming Tang ),( Daifei Wang ),( Weidong Xiao ),( Daquan Tang ),( Jiuyang Tang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.6

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in target tracking wireless sensor networks due to environmental noise, randomness of target mobility and other factors. Sensing results are always unreliable. This paper considers unreliability as it occurs in wireless sensor networks and its impact on target-tracking accuracy. Firstly, we map intersection pairwise sensors` uncertain boundaries, which divides the monitor area into faces. Each face has a unique signature vector. For each target localization, a sampling vector is built after multiple grouping samplings determine whether the RSS (Received Signal Strength) for a pairwise nodes` is ordinal or flipped. A Fault-Tolerant Target-Tracking (FTTT) strategy is proposed, which transforms the tracking problem into a vector matching process that increases the tracking flexibility and accuracy while reducing the influence of in-the-filed factors. In addition, a heuristic matching algorithm is introduced to reduce the computational complexity. The fault tolerance of FTTT is also discussed. An extension of FTTT is then proposed by quantifying the pairwise uncertainty to further enhance robustness. Results show FTTT is more flexible, more robust and more accurate than parallel approaches.

Sonication-Assisted Synthesis of CdS Quantum-Dot-Sensitized TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Activity

Xie, Yi,Ali, Ghafar,Yoo, Seung Hwa,Cho, Sung Oh American Chemical Society 2010 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.2 No.10

<P>A sonication-assisted sequential chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) approach is presented to uniformly decorate CdS quantum dots (QDs) on self-organized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube arrays (TNTAs). This approach avoids the clogging of CdS QDs at the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube mouth and promotes the deposition of CdS QDs into the nanotubes as well as on the tube walls. The photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the resulting CdS-decorated TNTAs were explored in detail. In comparison with a classical S-CBD approach, the sonication-assisted technique showed much enhancement in the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activities of the CdS QDs-sensitized TNTAs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2010/aamick.2010.2.issue-10/am100605a/production/images/medium/am-2010-00605a_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am100605a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Synthesis and visible-light-induced catalytic activity of Ag₂S-coupled TiO₂ nanoparticles and nanowires

Xie, Yi,Heo, Sung Hwan,Kim, Yong Nam,Yoo, Seung Hwa,Cho, Sung Oh IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.1

<P>We present the synthesis and visible-light-induced catalytic activity of Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S-coupled TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanowires (NWs). Through a simple wet chemical process from a mixture of peroxo titanic acid (PTA) solution, thiourea and AgAc, a composite of Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S NPs and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs with sizes of less than 7 nm was formed. When the NP composite was further treated with NaOH solution followed by annealing at ambient conditions, a new nanocomposite material comprising Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S NPs on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NWs was created. Due to the coupling with such a low bandgap material as Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S, the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposites could have a visible-light absorption capability much higher than that of pure TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. As a result, the synthesized Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S<I>/</I>TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposites exhibited much higher catalytic efficiency for the decomposition of methyl orange than commercial TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (Degussa P25, Germany) under visible light. </P>

A Prediction-based Energy-conserving Approximate Storage and Query Processing Schema in Object-Tracking Sensor Networks

( Yi Xie ),( Weidong Xiao ),( Daquan Tang ),( Jiuyang Tang ),( Guoming Tang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2011 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.5 No.5

Energy efficiency is one of the most critical issues in the design of wireless sensor networks. In object-tracking sensor networks, the data storage and query processing should be energy-conserving by decreasing the message complexity. In this paper, a Prediction-based Energy-conserving Approximate StoragE schema (P-EASE) is proposed, which can reduce the query error of EASE by changing its approximate area and adopting predicting model without increasing the cost. In addition, focusing on reducing the unnecessary querying messages, P-EASE enables an optimal query algorithm to taking into consideration to query the proper storage node, i.e., the nearer storage node of the centric storage node and local storage node. The theoretical analysis illuminates the correctness and efficiency of the P-EASE. Simulation experiments are conducted under semi-random walk and random waypoint mobility. Compared to EASE, P-EASE performs better at the query error, message complexity, total energy consumption and hotspot energy consumption. Results have shown that P-EASE is more energy-conserving and has higher location precision than EASE.

DO CONSUMERS FEEL BETTER ABOUT THEMSELVES THROUGH PARTICIPATING IN CSR PROGRAMS? THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED CORPORATE MOTIVES AND SELF-RELEVANCE

Yi Xie 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.8

There is much evidence in literature supporting the advantageous benefits resulted from corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives (Luo and Bhattacharya, 2006). Among others, consumers’ favorable reactions (e.g., enhanced produce evaluation, purchase intention, brand attitude and relationship) (Brown and Dacin 1997; Klein and Dawar 2004) were widely documented. Importantly, consumers tend to use their perceptions on a company’s CSR performance to infer the characteristics of relevant persons (e.g., self and other consumers) due to the meaning-transferring mechanism (Currás-Pérez et al., 2009; Yoon et al., 2006). Although literature suggests that people do good things in order to feel themselves in a positive light, there is a lack of explicit discussion on the impact of consumers’ participation in CSR programs on their perceptions of self. This is an important issue for designing effective CSR programs which can enhance consumer feelings as well. To bridge the academic gap, this research is aimed to address this question. As brands can be viewed as extended self and brand associations can be transferred into self-definition, good associations related with CSR practices will enhance consumers’ self-perceptions and self-esteem once they engage in CSR-related consumptions. However, many company-specific factors (e.g., product quality) and individual specific factors (e.g., CSR support and beliefs) will vary consumers’ responses to CSR efforts (Sen and Bhattacharya 2001). Similarly, CSR’s impact on self-perceptions may be moderated by significant factors. One of the most important determinants underlying differential customer response to CSR is consumers’ attribution of corporate motives. Consumers may attribute a company’s motivation for engaging in CSR simply as self-serving (e.g., high profit) or other-serving (e.g., engagement in social causes) (Becker-Olsen et al. 2006; Yoon et al. 2006), or further differentiate self-serving motives into strategic and egoistic ones and other-serving motives into value-driven and stakeholders-driven ones (Ellen et al., 2006). We examine the effect of self-serving motive vs. other-serving motive on the linkage of CSR and consumers’ self-perceptions and self-esteem in this research. Further we predict that the relevance of a CSR program with an individual consumer (i.e., self-CSR relevance) interacts with specific corporate motives in enhancing the CSR’s effect on consumers’ self-perceptions and self-esteem. A pilot study was first conducted to examine how CSR performance influences consumers’ perceptions (as well as consumers’ believes on their reference group’s perceptions) on a company’s typical customers’ image and then their purchase intention. In this study, we let respondents play judgers’ role and ask them about the relation of CSR and others’ image. A paper-and-pencil survey on university students was conducted. Three hundred and twenty one copies of questionnaires are sent out and collected in total. After deleting the incomplete ones, 302 valid data points constitute the final sample. The number of female and male respondents is comparable (Male: 49%) with average age of 21.4 year-old. We tested the hypothesized relations through structure equation modeling following Anderson and Gerbing’s (1988) two-step approach. The measurement model has good convergent and discrimiant validity. The structural model testing results indicate that CSR has significant positive impact on people’s perceptions on the image of a company’s typical customers (r=.227, P<.001) and on beliefs of reference group’s perceptions on the image of a company’s typical customers (r=.234, P<.001), which subsequently enhance purchase intention (r=.607, P<.001; r=.149, P<.01). As such, the hypothesized relations are supported. Although consumers’ perceptions on others rather than self-perceptions and self-esteem are investigated in this study, findings provide preliminary support on the notion that a company’s CSR behaviors will be used as significant information to evaluate relevant persons (here are typical customers). In the main experiment study, we ask subjects play actors’ role and further examine the connection of CSR and self-perceptions. Results indicate a significant interactive effect between corporate motive and self-relevance. High self-relevance enlarges the difference of self-evaluations after participation in self-entered CSR programs vs. participation in other-centered CSR programs. This study explicitly examines the impact of consumer participation in CSR-related program on consumer self-perceptions and self-esteem. The findings deepen our understanding on the impact of corporate CSR initiatives on consumer responses, particularly the impact on consumer self-perceptions. It provides important implications for management to provide more effective CSR programs with consumers’ welfare considered.

HOW TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CELEBRITY-BASED COMMUNICATION FOR LUXURY BRANDS ON SOCIAL MEDIA?

Yi Xie,Ke Chen,Zhuzhu Xu,Luping Zhu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

With the tremendous development of social media in recent years, luxury brands have welcomed social media with open arms as a means to engage with their customers. How luxury brands can make good use of social media marketing strategy is a top priority for both academicians and partitions but has not been well investigated. Many significant research gaps are present in this area warranting further explorations. For example, there is little research on the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement on social media (except for Chung and Cho’ (2017) study), even less for luxury brands. In addition, previous research on social media marketing mainly focuses on western-based platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Given the mentioned research gaps, this study builds on social media marketing and celebrity endorsement literature and aims to investigate the key factors influencing the effectiveness of celebrity-based social media marketing efforts for luxury brands. In particular, China market and Sina Weibo are selected as our research setting. We propose the message characteristics, celebrity characteristics, celebrity-brand relationship and brand characteristics have impact on customer engagement in celebrity-based social media marketing activities. We combined two data sources to generate the key variables. First, we derived posts on the brand pages of 12 luxury brands (e.g., Cartier, Tiffany, BVLGARI and PIAGET) that were published on Sina Weibo from September 2016 to March 2017 on the middle of December 2017. Then celebrity-related posts were all picked out. The final sample includes more than five hundred celebrity-related brand posts. For each post, it contains three kinds of engagement measures (i.e., the number of Likes, Retweets and Comments) observed on Sina Weibo. They are dependent variables in our model. We built up regression models to test the hypotheses. To generate those variables that cannot be derived directly from the posts, a set of independent coders was recruited to quantify those variables. The exploratory results show that posts related to celebrities (e.g., brand ambassador/spokesman) take a significant part of posts on Sina Weibo brand pages.

DO CONSUMERS FEEL BETTER ABOUT THEMSELVES THROUGH PARTICIPATING IN CSR PROGRAMS? THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED CORPORATE MOTIVES AND SELF-RELEVANCE

Yi Xie 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

There is much evidence in literature supporting the advantageous benefits resulted from corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives (Luo and Bhattacharya, 2006). Among others, consumers’ favorable reactions (e.g., enhanced produce evaluation, purchase intention, brand attitude and relationship) (Brown and Dacin 1997; Klein and Dawar 2004) were widely documented. Importantly, consumers tend to use their perceptions on a company’s CSR performance to infer the characteristics of relevant persons (e.g., self and other consumers) due to the meaning-transferring mechanism (Curr?s-P?rez et al., 2009; Yoon et al., 2006). Although literature suggests that people do good things in order to feel themselves in a positive light, there is a lack of explicit discussion on the impact of consumers’ participation in CSR programs on their perceptions of self. This is an important issue for designing effective CSR programs which can enhance consumer feelings as well. To bridge the academic gap, this research is aimed to address this question. As brands can be viewed as extended self and brand associations can be transferred into self-definition, good associations related with CSR practices will enhance consumers’ self-perceptions and self-esteem once they engage in CSR-related consumptions. However, many company-specific factors (e.g., product quality) and individual specific factors (e.g., CSR support and beliefs) will vary consumers’ responses to CSR efforts (Sen and Bhattacharya 2001). Similarly, CSR’s impact on self-perceptions may be moderated by significant factors. One of the most important determinants underlying differential customer response to CSR is consumers’ attribution of corporate motives. Consumers may attribute a company’s motivation for engaging in CSR simply as self-serving (e.g., high profit) or other-serving (e.g., engagement in social causes) (Becker-Olsen et al. 2006; Yoon et al. 2006), or further differentiate self-serving motives into strategic and egoistic ones and other-serving motives into value-driven and stakeholders-driven ones (Ellen et al., 2006). We examine the effect of self-serving motive vs. other-serving motive on the linkage of CSR and consumers’ self-perceptions and self-esteem in this research. Further we predict that the relevance of a CSR program with an individual consumer (i.e., self-CSR relevance) interacts with specific corporate motives in enhancing the CSR’s effect on consumers’ self-perceptions and self-esteem. A pilot study was first conducted to examine how CSR performance influences consumers’ perceptions (as well as consumers’ believes on their reference group’s perceptions) on a company’s typical customers’ image and then their purchase intention. In this study, we let respondents play judgers’ role and ask them about the relation of CSR and others’ image. A paper-and-pencil survey on university students was conducted. Three hundred and twenty one copies of questionnaires are sent out and collected in total. After deleting the incomplete ones, 302 valid data points constitute the final sample. The number of female and male respondents is comparable (Male: 49%) with average age of 21.4 year-old. We tested the hypothesized relations through structure equation modeling following Anderson and Gerbing’s (1988) two-step approach. The measurement model has good convergent and discrimiant validity. The structural model testing results indicate that CSR has significant positive impact on people’s perceptions on the image of a company’s typical customers (r=.227, P<.001) and on beliefs of reference group’s perceptions on the image of a company’s typical customers (r=.234, P<.001), which subsequently enhance purchase intention (r=.607, P<.001; r=.149, P<.01). As such, the hypothesized relations are supported. Although consumers’ perceptions on others rather than self-perceptions and self-esteem are investigated in this study, findings provide preliminary support on the notion that a company’s CSR behaviors will be used as significant information to evaluate relevant persons (here are typical customers). In the main experiment study, we ask subjects play actors’ role and further examine the connection of CSR and self-perceptions. Results indicate a significant interactive effect between corporate motive and self-relevance. High self-relevance enlarges the difference of self-evaluations after participation in self-entered CSR programs vs. participation in other-centered CSR programs. This study explicitly examines the impact of consumer participation in CSR-related program on consumer self-perceptions and self-esteem. The findings deepen our understanding on the impact of corporate CSR initiatives on consumer responses, particularly the impact on consumer self-perceptions. It provides important implications for management to provide more effective CSR programs with consumers’ welfare considered.