Utilization of multivalent vaccine on sows ante partum for the prevention of piglet enteritis

Oh, Yeonsu,Kim, Myung-Hyee,Han, Jeong-Hee The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

Three swine farms which were suffering from slight economic loss due to suckling piglets' diarrhea, were selected to apply commercialized multivalent vaccine for sow use; $SUISENG^{(R)}$ (Hipra, Spain). Farms were pre-diagnosed with clinical symptoms and molecular detection of C. perfringens Type A and C and E. coli pili by PCR. Sows were vaccinated twice 2 ml of the vaccine at 6 and 3 weeks ante partum intramuscularly according to the manufacturer's instruction. All vaccinated sows did not show any adverse reaction or clinical signs; hypersensitivity, fever, granuloma or abscess on the injection site, appetite loss, and so on. Also, no reproductive disorder was appeared in vaccinated sows compared with non-vaccinated control sows. The results suggested that piglets born from vaccinated sows show significantly better performance in regard of the diarrhea index and mean daily weight gain compared with piglets from non-vaccinated sows. Therefore, the commercial vaccine for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea is found to be effective in reducing diarrhea in the first suckling period of piglets after birth.

Sepsis Caused by <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Serotype 2 in a Eurasian River Otter (<i>Lutra lutra</i>) in the Republic of Korea

Oh, Yeonsu,Tark, Dongseob,Moon, Sung-Hyun,Han, Jae-Ik,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong Wildlife Disease Association 2018 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.54 No.4

Development of monoclonal antibody capture ELISA for the detection of antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Yeonsu Oh,Dongseob Tark 한국동물위생학회 2019 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.42 No.1

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a disease confined to pigs of all ages, and can be a significant cause of economic loss in breeding herds, primarily because of the very high piglet mortality. The caus-ative agent is a coronavirus, an enveloped positive strand RNA virus and closely related but non-enter-opathogenic porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Although the TGEV has declined with its innocent relative, PRCV, further genome changes could not be excluded. Therefore, the herd-level immunity against this virus is important for the prevention of disease and should be carefully monitored. The aim of this study is to develop monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC- ELISA) which can rapidly and accurately determine a large numbers of serum samples for surveillance purpose, and to compare the ELISA with a TGEV-specific serum neutralization test. The MAC-ELISA was sufficiently achieved, and the comparison with the virus-specific serum neutralization assays for 713 sera from pig farms showed a high correlation (r2=0.812, P<0.001). The specificity and sensitivity of MAC-ELISA for the serum neutralization test 91.9% and 91.6%, respectively, which means that the an-tibody detected by the MAC-ELISA could be said to be protective antibodies. In conclusion, the devel-oped MAC-ELISA would be very helpful in evaluating protective antibodies against TGEV.

Development of monoclonal antibody capture ELISA for the detection of antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Oh, Yeonsu,Tark, Dongseob The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2019 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.42 No.1

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a disease confined to pigs of all ages, and can be a significant cause of economic loss in breeding herds, primarily because of the very high piglet mortality. The causative agent is a coronavirus, an enveloped positive strand RNA virus and closely related but non-enteropathogenic porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Although the TGEV has declined with its innocent relative, PRCV, further genome changes could not be excluded. Therefore, the herd-level immunity against this virus is important for the prevention of disease and should be carefully monitored. The aim of this study is to develop monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) which can rapidly and accurately determine a large numbers of serum samples for surveillance purpose, and to compare the ELISA with a TGEV-specific serum neutralization test. The MAC-ELISA was sufficiently achieved, and the comparison with the virus-specific serum neutralization assays for 713 sera from pig farms showed a high correlation ($r^2=0.812$, P<0.001). The specificity and sensitivity of MAC-ELISA for the serum neutralization test 91.9% and 91.6%, respectively, which means that the antibody detected by the MAC-ELISA could be said to be protective antibodies. In conclusion, the developed MAC-ELISA would be very helpful in evaluating protective antibodies against TGEV.

Primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastasized to kidney in a captive nutria (Myocastor coypus)

( Yeonsu Oh ),( Ho-seong Cho ) 한국동물위생학회 2017 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.40 No.2

A six-year-old male captive nutria (Myocastor coypus) maintained in a closed space with a small vent was found dead in his cage. Gross findings showed multifocal nodules in varying sizes, small 0.5 to large 5 cm in diameter, intermixed with normal parenchyma were scattered all over the surface of the lungs and a kidney, which the cut surface was smooth, compact and whitish in color. Microscopically, small round to oval neoplastic cells with modest to slight amounts of cytoplasm formed acinar and gland-like structures. Immunohistochemically, cells were strongly positive for E-cadherin and slightly reactive for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Based on those diagnostic features, the neoplasia was diagnosed as primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (small cell type) and metastasized into the kidney. This is the first case report of malignant pulmonary tumor and its metastasis in the nutria.

Development of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for a large-scale detection of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus in feces

( Yeonsu Oh ),( Sang-joon Lee ),( Ho-seong Cho ),( Dongseob Tark ) 한국동물위생학회 2020 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.43 No.4

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) has been a significant cause of economic losses in pig farming industry since 1950s. Although transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has declined in recent years, it should not be excluded because of its characteristics; the frequency of gene mutation, the mortality in piglets, and the possibility for sudden incidence. Therefore, the herd-level monitoring of the virus is important to prevent further circulation of TGE. The aim of this study is to develop a large-scale sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity to rapidly detect TGEV in feces by using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). The TGEV specific Mabs were produced in hybridoma cells. Among the Mabs belonged to the IgG class developed by this study, the final selected 8H6, 1B7, 4G3, and 1F8 were identified to have the neutralization ability against TGEV. The sandwich ELISA was established using 8H6 as a reporter antibody and 1B7 and the reported 5C8 as a capture antibody. The developed sandwich ELISA was able to distinguish TGEV from other pathogenic diarrheal agents (porcine rotavirus, porcine reovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), E. coli, and C. perfringens) in tissue culture as well as fecal samples. And the detection rate of TGEV in feces was 80% compared with RT-PCR. The results suggested that the developed sandwich ELISA may be useful in the herd-level monitoring for effective preventive measures due to the early diagnosis of TGEV using a large amount of samples.

Utilization of multivalent vaccine on sows ante partum for the prevention of piglet enteritis

( Yeonsu Oh ),( Myung-hyee Kim ),( Jeong-hee Han ) 한국동물위생학회 2017 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.40 No.2

Three swine farms which were suffering from slight economic loss due to suckling piglets` diarrhea, were selected to apply commercialized multivalent vaccine for sow use; SUISENG<sup>ⓡ</sup> (Hipra, Spain). Farms were pre-diagnosed with clinical symptoms and molecular detection of C. perfringens Type A and C and E. coli pili by PCR. Sows were vaccinated twice 2 ml of the vaccine at 6 and 3 weeks ante partum intramuscularly according to the manufacturer`s instruction. All vaccinated sows did not show any adverse reaction or clinical signs; hypersensitivity, fever, granuloma or abscess on the injection site, appetite loss, and so on. Also, no reproductive disorder was appeared in vaccinated sows compared with non-vaccinated control sows. The results suggested that piglets born from vaccinated sows show significantly better performance in regard of the diarrhea index and mean daily weight gain compared with piglets from non-vaccinated sows. Therefore, the commercial vaccine for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea is found to be effective in reducing diarrhea in the first suckling period of piglets after birth.

Mycobacterium genavense induced mycobacteriosis in an Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus)

( Yeonsu Oh ),( Sang-joon Lee ),( Dong-seob Tark ),( Ho-seong Cho ) 한국동물위생학회 2021 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.44 No.2

The report describes an avian mycobacteriosis in a captive wild bird. A 7-year-old female Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) maintained in a zoo of Korea presented a gradual cachexia and eventually was found dead. At necropsy, severely atrophied pectoral muscles exposing the keel bone were noticed. Yellowish thick nodules in varying sizes were scattered in all lobes of lungs, liver and spleen, suggesting mycobacteriosis. Histopathologically, multifocal to coalescing granulomas surrounded by multinucleated giant cells were observed. Numbers of acid-fast bacilli were revealed in granulomas. Then, a series of molecular diagnostic techniques were followed: a nested PCR, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. It resulted as Mycobacterium genavense. The identification of M. genavense as an etiological agent suggested that it might serve as a risk factor for other captive wild animals, and for a potential zoonotic risk since M. genavense have been a definite cause of disseminated mycobacterial infection in immunocompromised people. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of avian mycobacteriosis with M. genavense in a captive Indian peafowl.

African swine fever epidemiology, surveillance and control in Korea

Yeonsu Oh 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2021 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

The introduction of genotype II African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) into the Korean peninsula in 2019. The outbreak of ASF in domestic pigs occurred on September 16, 2019, right after the autumn rainy season ended. Since then, 14 more cases have occurred, and there have been no additional cases until the last occurrence of Inje area, Gangwon-do. It resulted in unprecedented disease propagation via slow geographical expansion through wild boar populations, short- and long-distance human-mediated translocations, and incursions into naïve wild boar and domestic pig populations. The disease is now progressing slowly, mainly in the mountainous regions of Gangwon-do. The global dimension of the current epidemic shows that all countries need to be prepared for an introduction. In its natural habitat in Africa, ASFV is maintained within an ancient cycle between soft argasid ticks and the common warthog. Once introduced to the domestic pig population, direct and indirect virus transmission occurs with or without involvement of the tick vector in the pig-tick and domestic pig epidemiological cycles respectively. In the domestic pig cycle, human activities involving pigs or farming activities in areas where ASF positive wild boars have been found. ASF epidemiology in the presence of wild boar and northern European climates where it already occurred and still suffers from the disease has proved to have specific characteristics, described in the wild boar-habitat epidemiological cycle. In this cycle wild boar carcasses and the resulting contamination of the environment play key roles in virus persistence. However, in addition that this virus is highly resistant to the environment, the fact that topographical features of lots of mountainous areas Korea has, makes it more difficult to control. In both the wild boar-habitat and the domestic pig epidemiological cycle, fully implemented biosecurity is the key for stopping virus transmission and controlling the disease. Positive examples from the Czech Republic and Belgium show that control and eradication of ASF from the wild boar-habitat cycle can be achieved. Both these cases, as well as the example of Sardinia, where ASFV genotype I now seem very close to eradication after more than 40 years presence, further underline the importance of involving, engaging and understanding all stakeholders in the value chains from farm and forest to fork in order to accomplish ASF control and eradication.

Recurrent odontogenic fibroma in a Formosan rock macaque (Macaca cyclopis)

( Yeonsu Oh ),( Jongwoog Choi ),( Ho-seong Cho ) 한국동물위생학회 2024 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.47 No.1

The animal in this case report was a 10-year-old male Taiwanese monkey (Macaca cyclopis) kept at a zoo of South Korea. Over the last three years, a cauliflower-shaped masses have been noted on the gingiva near the incisor and molar teeth on right maxilla. Consequently, this monkey have undergone surgical removal of the mass annually. Grossly masses showed pinkish color. Histopathological findings, typical spindle cell tumor composed of collagen fibers. Infiltration by plasma cells and lymphocytes is found unrelated to ulceration of the surface epithelium. This is the first report of peripheral odontogenic fibroma in a Formosan rock macaque.