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Hong-Yan Zhao,Wei Liu,Yi Wang,Nannan Dai,Jian-Hong Gu,Yan Yuan,Xue-Zhong Liu,Jian-Chun Bian,Zong-Ping Liu 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.3
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts (OBs); however, little information is available regarding the specific mechanismsof Cd-induced primary rat OB apoptosis. In this study, Cd reduced cell viability, damaged cell membranes and induced apoptosis in OBs. We observed decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, ultrastructure collapse, enhanced caspase-3 activity, and increasedconcentrations of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 following Cd treatment. Cd also increased the phosphorylationof p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in OBs. Pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor(SB203580) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) abrogated Cd-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd-treated OBs exhibited signs of oxidativestress protection, including increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels and decreased formationof reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the results of our study clarified that Cd has direct cytotoxic effects on OBs, which are mediatedby caspase- and MAPK pathways in Cd-induced apoptosis of OBs.
Yan Zhao,Juan Gu,Shao Ming,Shao Ming Chi,Yong Cun Yang,Yu Fei Wang,Hong You Zhu,Jian Hong Liu,Rong Huang 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.11
representative bile salts, i.e., cholate (CA), deoxycholate (DCA), glycocholate (GCA) and taurocholate (TCA), has been investigated at 25 °C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20) by fluorescence, circular dichroism and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The result indicated that the bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 acts as fluorescent sensor and displays remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon addition of optically inert bile salts. Form the induced circular dichroism (ICD) and ROESY spectra, it is deduced that the phenyl moiety in the linker of bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 is partially self-included in the CD cavity, and is not expelled out of the CD cavity upon complexation with bile guests. Owing to the cooperative host-tether-guest binding mode in which the linker and guest are coincluded in the two CD cavities, bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 significantly enhanced binding ability and molecular selectivity as compared with the native β-cyclodextrin 1 through the simultaneous contributions of hydrophobic, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions. The complex stability constants are discussed comparatively and globally from the viewpoints of multiple recognition between host and guest.
Reflectance estimation for infrared and visible image fusion
( Yan Gu ),( Feng Yang ),( Weijun Zhao ),( Yiliang Guo ),( Chaobo Min ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.8
The desirable result of infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) image fusion should have textural details from VIS images and salient targets from IR images. However, detail information in the dark regions of VIS image has low contrast and blurry edges, resulting in performance degradation in image fusion. To resolve the troubles of fuzzy details in dark regions of VIS image fusion, we have proposed a method of reflectance estimation for IR and VIS image fusion. In order to maintain and enhance details in these dark regions, dark region approximation (DRA) is pro-posed to optimize the Retinex model.With the improved Retinex model based on DRA, quasi-Newton method is adopted to estimate the reflectance of a VIS image. The final fusion out-come is obtained by fusing the DRA-based reflectance of VIS image with IR image. Our method could simultaneously retain the low visibility details in VIS images and the high con-trast targets in IR images. Experiment statistic shows that compared to some advanced ap-proaches, the proposed method has superiority on detail preservation and visual quality.
Yan Zhao*,Zi Ming Yang,Shao Ming Chi,Juan Gu,Yong Cun Yang,Rong Huang,Bang Jin Wang,Hong You Zhu 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.5
A novel anthraquinone diamino-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 was synthesized. The inclusion complexation behaviors of the native β-cyclodextrin 1 and the novel bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 with guests, such as acridine red (AR), neutral red (NR), ammonium 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), sodium 2-(p-toluidinyl) naphthalenesulfonate (TNS) and rhodamine B (RhB) were investigation by fluorescence, circular dichroism and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The spectral titrations were performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20) at 25 oC to give the complex stability constants (Ks) and Gibbs free energy changes (-DG0) for the stoichiometric 1:1 inclusion complexation of host 1 and 2 with guests. The results indicated that the novel bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 greatly enhanced the original binding affinity of the native β-cyclodextrin 1. Typically, bis(b -cyclodextrin) 2 showed the highest binding constant towards ANS up to 34.8 times higher than that of 1. The 2D NMR spectra of bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 with RhB and TNS were performed to confirm the binding mode. The increased binding affinity and molecular selectivity of guests by bis(β-cyclodextrin) 2 were discussed from the viewpoint of the size/shape-fit concept and multipoint recognition mechanism.
A LINE SEARCH TRUST REGION ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION TO NONLINEAR PORTFOLIO PROBLEMS
Gu, Nengzhu,Zhao, Yan,Gao, Yan The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.1
This paper concerns an algorithm that combines line search and trust region step for nonlinear optimization problems. Unlike traditional trust region methods, we incorporate the Armijo line search technique into trust region method to solve the subproblem. In addition, the subproblem is solved accurately, but instead solved by inaccurate method. If a trial step is not accepted, our algorithm performs the Armijo line search from the failed point to find a suitable steplength. At each iteration, the subproblem is solved only one time. In contrast to interior methods, the optimal solution is derived by iterating from outside of the feasible region. In numerical experiment, we apply the algorithm to nonlinear portfolio optimization problems, primary numerical results are presented.
Gu, Nengzhu,Zhao, Yan The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.5
This paper considers asset liability management problems when their deterministic equivalent formulations are general nonlinear optimization problems. The presented approach uses a nonmonotone trust region strategy for solving a sequence of unconstrained subproblems parameterized by a scalar parameter. The objective function of each unconstrained subproblem is an augmented penalty-barrier function that involves both primal and dual variables. Each subproblem is solved approximately. The algorithm does not restrict a monotonic decrease of the objective function value at each iteration. If a trial step is not accepted, the algorithm performs a non monotone line search to find a new acceptable point instead of resolving the subproblem. We prove that the algorithm globally converges to a point satisfying the second-order necessary optimality conditions.
Large eddy simulation of flow around a stay cable with an artificial upper rivulet
Zhao, Yan,Du, Xiaoqing,Gu, Ming,Yang, Xiao,Li, Junjun,He, Ping Techno-Press 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.26 No.4
The appearance of a rivulet at the upper surface of a stay cable is responsible for rain-wind-induced vibration (RWIV) of cables of cable-stayed bridges. However, the formation mechanism of the upper rivulet and its aerodynamic effects on the stay cable has not been fully understood. Large eddy simulation (LES) method is used to investigate flow around and aerodynamics of a circular cylinder with an upper rivulet at a Reynolds number of 140,000. Results show that the mean lift coefficients of the circular cylinder experience three distinct stages, zero-lift stage, positive-lift stage and negative-lift stage as the rivulet located at various positions. Both pressure-induced and friction-induced aerodynamic forces on the upper rivulet are helpful for its appearance on the upside of the stay cable. The friction-induced aerodynamic forces, which have not been considered in the previous theoretical models, may not be neglected in modeling the RWIV. In positive-lift stage, the shear layer separated from the upper rivulet can reattach on the surface of the cylinder and form separation bubbles, which result in a high non-zero mean lift of the cylinder and potentially induces the occurrence of RWIV. The separation bubbles are intrinsically unsteady flow phenomena. A serial of small eddies first appears in the laminar shear layer separated from the upper rivulet, which then coalesces and reattaches on the side surface of the cylinder and eventually sheds into the wake.
Zhao, Yan,Yang, Zi Ming,Chi, Shao Ming,Gu, Juan,Yang, Yong Cun,Huang, Rong,Wang, Bang Jin,Zhu, Hong You Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.5
A novel anthraquinone diamino-bridged bis($\beta$ -cyclodextrin) 2 was synthesized. The inclusion complexation behaviors of the native $\beta$ -cyclodextrin 1 and the novel bis($\beta$ -cyclodextrin) 2 with guests, such as acridine red (AR), neutral red (NR), ammonium 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), sodium 2-(p-toluidinyl) naphthalenesulfonate (TNS) and rhodamine B (RhB) were investigation by fluorescence, circular dichroism and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The spectral titrations were performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20) at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$ to give the complex stability constants (Ks) and Gibbs free energy changes (−${\Delta}G^0$) for the stoichiometric 1:1 inclusion complexation of host 1 and 2 with guests. The results indicated that the novel bis($\beta$ -cyclodextrin) 2 greatly enhanced the original binding affinity of the native $\beta$ -cyclodextrin 1. Typically, bis($\beta$ -cyclodextrin) 2 showed the highest binding constant towards ANS up to 34.8 times higher than that of 1. The 2D NMR spectra of bis($\beta$ -cyclodextrin) 2 with RhB and TNS were performed to confirm the binding mode. The increased binding affinity and molecular selectivity of guests by bis($\beta$ -cyclodextrin) 2 were discussed from the viewpoint of the size/shape-fit concept and multipoint recognition mechanism.