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        Preparing cuprous oxide nanomaterials by electrochemical method for non-enzymatic glucose biosensor

        Nguyen, Thu-Thuy,Huy, Bui The,Hwang, Seo-Young,Vuong, Nguyen Minh,Pham, Quoc-Thai,Nghia, Nguyen Ngoc,Kirtland, Aaron,Lee, Yong-Ill IOP 2018 Nanotechnology Vol.29 No.20

        <P>Cuprous oxide (Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O) nanostructure has been synthesized using an electrochemical method with a two-electrode system. Cu foils were used as electrodes and NH<SUB>2</SUB>(OH) was utilized as the reducing agent. The effects of pH and applied voltages on the morphology of the product were investigated. The morphology and optical properties of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and diffuse reflectance spectra. The synthesized Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O nanostructures that formed in the vicinity of the anode at 2 V and pH?=?11 showed high uniform distribution, small size, and good electrochemical sensing. These Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O nanoparticles were coated on an Indium tin oxide substrate and applied to detect non-enzyme glucose as excellent biosensors. The non-enzyme glucose biosensors exhibited good performance with high response, good selectivity, wide linear detection range, and a low detection limit at 0.4 <I>μ</I>M. Synthesized Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O nanostructures are potential materials for a non-enzyme glucose biosensor.</P>

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        Clinical characterization of 3-month-old pigs infected with African swine fever virus from Vietnam

        Sang-Ik Oh,Vuong Nghia Bui,Duy Tung Dao,Ngoc Anh Bui,Seung-Won Yi,Eunju Kim,Han Gyu Lee,Eun-Yeong Bok,S.H.M.P Wimalasena,Young-Hun Jung,Tai-Young Hur,Hu Suk Lee 한국동물위생학회 2022 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

        African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal viral disease in pigs, with a short incubation period and causing immediate death. Few studies exist on the Asian epidemic ASF virus (ASFV) challenge in older pigs, including growing and fattening pigs and sows. We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes, patho-morphological lesions, and viral distribution in organs of 3-month-old growing pigs that were inocu-lated with the ASFV isolated in Vietnam. The clinical outcomes were recorded daily, and the dead or euthanized pigs immediately underwent necropsy. Viral loads were determined in 10 major organs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The average incubation period in growing pigs was more delayed (5.2±0.9 dpi) than that in weaned pigs, and the clinical signs were milder in growing pigs than in weaned pigs. The digestive and respiratory clinical signs in growing pigs showed at the end period of life, but these were observed at an early stage of infection in weaned pigs. The patho-morphological features were severe and nonspecific with hemorrhagic lesions in various organs. The viral loads in organs from growing pigs were higher than those from piglets, and the number of viral copies was related to gross lesions in the tonsil and intestine. In the absence of vaccines against ASF, early clinical detection is important for preventing the spread of the virus. Our findings elucidated that the clinical signs and gross lesions in growing pigs differed from those in weaned pigs, which provide valuable information for diagnosis of pigs with suspected ASF infection.

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        Age-dependent immune response in pigs against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro

        ( Jae-hee Roh ),( Ngoc Anh Bui ),( Hu Suk Lee ),( Vuong Nghia Bui ),( Duy Tung Dao ),( Thanh Thi Vu ),( Thuy Thi Hoang ),( Kyoung-min So ),( Seung-won Yi ),( Eunju Kim ),( Tai-young Hur ),( Sang-ik Oh 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6

        Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most contagious diseases in cloven-hoofed animals, causes significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is known to differ with age of the animals. In this study, we aimed to reveal the difference in immunological response in the initial stage of FMDV infection between piglets and adult pigs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 piglets (8 weeks old) and 3 pigs (35 weeks old) that were not vaccinated against FMDV. O-type FMDV (2 × 10<sup>2</sup> median tissue culture infectious dose) was inoculated into porcine PBMCs and the cells were incubated at 37.0℃ under 5% CO<sub>2</sub> for various time periods (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The total RNA was obtained from the FMDV-inoculated PBMCs after each time point, and the virus titer was investigated in these RNA samples. Furthermore, dynamics of mRNA expression of the six tested cytokines (interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in FMDV-inoculated porcine PBMCs were evaluated by time-series analysis to determine the differences, if any, based on the age of the pigs. The PBMCs of piglets contained the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 6 hours post-inoculation (hpi), and the PBMCs of pigs had the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 3 hpi. The mean cycle threshold-value in the PBMCs steadily decreased after the peak time point in the piglets and pigs (6 and 3 hpi, respectively). The dynamics of mRNA expression of all cytokines except TNF-α showed age-dependent differences in FMDV-inoculated PBMCs. The mRNA expression of most cytokines was more pronounced in the piglets than in the pigs, implying that the immune response against FMDV showed an age-dependent difference in pigs. In conclusion, within 48 hpi, the 8-week-old piglets responded more rapidly and were more sensitive to FMDV infection than the 35-week-old pigs, which could be associated with the difference in the pathogenesis of FMDV infection among the pigs. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent differences in immune response in pigs against FMDV infection.

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