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A Note on Three-Dimensional Firing Squad Synchronization Algorithm
Takuya Yamawaki,Takashi Amesara,Hiroshi Umeo 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
The firing squad synchronization problem on cellular automata has been studied extensively for more than forty years, and a rich variety of synchronization algorithms have been proposed [1-10]. In the present paper, we propose an optimumtime firing squad synchronization algorithm for three-dimensional cellular automata. The algorithm can synchronize any threedimensional array of size mㆍnㆍℓ with a general at an arbitrary corner cell at exactly mㆍnㆍℓ+ max(m, n, ℓ)ㆍ4 steps. A lower bound in time complexity is also given.
Toyoshima, Morio,Takahashi, Nobuhiro,Jono, Takashi,Yamawaki, Toshihiko,Nakagawa, Keizo,Arai, Katsuyoshi 통신위성우주산업연구회 2002 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2002 No.-
Optical communications in the presence of atmospheric turbulence are affected by the tubulence-induced optical scintillation. The optical scintillation makes the communication quality, i.e. bit error rate (BER), degrade. Because of the intrinsically narrow optical beam, the random pointing-jitter also generates additional signal fading on the communication signal. A broader optical beam could mitigate the signal fading, but would require greater transmitted power than that for the original beam to achieve the same required BER. In this paper, the average BER is derived from the probability density function (PDF) of the optical signal in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and random pointing-jitter. The joint PDF, of the lognormal PDF caused by atmospheric turbulence and the beta PDF of the random pointing-jitter, is derived by using the characteristic function of each PDF. It is shown that an optimum beam divergence of the transmitting laser beam exists, and the optimum value changes slightly with the atmospheric conditions. The beam divergence angle should be about 7 times larger than the random pointing-jitter of the optical tracking system. An example of the optimum link estimates for the tracking and communication channels are shown for a ground-to-satellite optical communication link.