Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation and Agro-based Industrial Usage in Selected Aquifers of Bangladesh

Rahman, Md. Mokhlesur,Hoque, Syed Munerul,Jesmin, Sabina,Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Kim, Jang-Eok The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Groundwater sampled from 24 tube wells of three districts namely Sherpur, Gaibandha and Naogaon in Bangladesh was appraised for their water quality for irrigation and agro-based industrial usage. All waters under test were slightly alkaline to alkaline (pH = 7.2 to 8.4) in nature and were not problematic for crop production. As total dissolved solid (TDS), all groundwater samples were classified as fresh water (TDS<1,000 mg/L) in quality. Electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values reflected that waters under test were under medium salinity (C2), high salinity (C3) and also low alkalinity (S1) hazard classes expressed as C2S1 and C3S1. As regards to EC and soluble sodium percentage (SSP), groundwater samples were graded as good and permissible in category based on soil properties and crop growth. All water samples were free from residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and belonged to suitable in category. Water samples were under soft moderately hard, hard and very hard classes. Manganese, bicarbonate and nitrate ions were considered as major pollutants in some water samples and might pose threat in soil ecosystem for long-term irrigation. For most of the agro-based industrial usage, Fe and Cl were considered as troublesome ions. On the basis of TDS and hardness, groundwater samples were not suitable for specific industry. Some water samples were found suitable for specific industry but none of these waters were suitable for all industries. The relationship between water quality parameters and major ions was established. The correlation between major ionic constituents like Ca, Mg, K, Na, $HCO_3$ and Cl differed significantly. Dominant synergistic relationships were observed between EC-TDS, SAR-SSP, EC-Hardness, TDS-Hardness and RSC-Hardness.

Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle

Rahman, Siddiqur,Huque, Fazlul,Ahasan, Shamim,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2010 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

Brucellosis is a major zoonosis caused by Gram negative facultative intracellular bacterial organisms of the genus Brucella that are pathogenic for a wide variety of animals and human beings. Because of its economic impact on animal health and the risk to the human population,most countries have a brucellosis control program. Brucellosis is also an economically important andprevalent disease in Bangladesh. The accurate and prompt diagnosis is very important in controlling and eradicating of the disease in animals. The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Mymensingh and Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. A total of 120 serum samples were collected from the two districts along with a questionnaire related to the epidemiology of the disease. The sampleswere screened by using slow agglutination test and conformed by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was 5% and it was observed that, a higher prevalence of Brucella was found in female than male, through natural breeding than artificial insemination (AI) and animal above 4 years old are highly susceptible than younger ones. Higher prevalence was found in aborted animals in comparison with non aborted animal. Finally, the study revealed that the female animal has more susceptible to brucellosis and healthy semen should be used for AI.

Tube agglutination test is superior than other serological tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in small ruminants

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Jahan, Nusrat,Hossain, Mohammad Arif,Uddin, M.J.,Shil, Niraj Kanti,Islam, KBM Saiful,Ahasan, Md. Shamim,Rahman, A.K.M. Anisur,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Brucella spp. are small, non-motile Gram-negative coccobacilli known to cause disease in a number of vertebrate species including humans and brucellosis is one of the world's major zoonoses, alongside bovine tuberculosis and rabies. There are about 33.55 million goats and 1.16 million sheep in Bangladesh. The sheep and goats can significantly play an important role in the economic well being of the resource-poor farmer in Bangladesh. Sexually matured 362 female small ruminants(300 goats and 62 sheep) were examined. Approximately 3-5 ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein of each animal and sera samples were prepared. Samples were then tested for brucellosis by using Rose Bengal test(RBT), plate agglutination test(PAT) and tube agglutination test(TAT). Among 362 small ruminants, irrespective of species(sheep or goat), diagnosed highest in TAT, 2.21%(n=8) and lowest both by RBT & PAT, 1.93%(n=7) and it is concluded that TAT is superior than RBT and PAT.

Seroprevalence of specific Brucella infection of cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Clinics and its surrounding areas

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Alam, Nur,Rahman, A.K.M. Anisur,Huque, A.K.M. Fazlul,Ahasan, Md. Shamim,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinics, in BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali from June 2008 to November 2008. A total of 200 serum samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, from BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali. Among the serum samples 143 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, 42 serum samples from BAU Dairy Farm and 15 serum samples from Vabokhali. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with specific Brucella abortus antigen (BAA) test and B. melitensis antigen (BMA) test. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was 5% in BAA and 0.5% in BMA. It was observed that, a significant higher prevalence of B. abortus was found in female than male. An insignificant higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult cattle (aged above 5 years), in cross breed cattle, in cattle with grazing, cattle breed by natural breeding, and in pregnant cows. Although insignificant but a higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in aged cattle than young cattle, cross bred cattle, pregnant cattle than non pregnant cattle, cattle with grazing. A higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in female cattle than male.

Prevalence and risk factors of helminth infections in cattle of Bangladesh

Rahman, A.K.M.A.,Begum, N.,Nooruddin, M.,Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Hossain, M.A.,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to identify risk factors and clinical signs associated with parasitic helminth infections of cattle in Mymensignh district of Bangladesh. A nonrandom convenience sampling method was used to select 138 animals from 40 farmers/herds. The eggs per gram of faeces (epg) for nematodes and trematodes were determined by McMaster and Stoll's methods respectively. Animal-level and herd-level data were recorded by means of a questionnaire. Multi-collinearity amongst explanatory variables were assessed using $2{\times}2{\times}\;X^2$ test and one variable in a pair was dropped if $P{\leq}0.05$ formultiple logistic regression models. Association study between outcome and explanatory variables was conducted using classification tree, random forests and multiple logistic regression. A positive epg was considered as infected. Analyses were performed using $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled and $R^{(R)}$, Version 2.3.0. Seventy eight percent of the cattle were found to be infected with at least one type of helminth. Twenty four pairs of combinations of explanatory variables showed significant associations. Male animals (OR=3.3, P=.006, 95% CI=1.4, 7.7) were associated with significantly increased prevalence of nematode infection. Female cattle of the study area are mostly cross-breed, kept indoor, fed relatively good diet and not used for draught purpose. Males are used for draught purpose thereby more exposed to nematode infective stage and provided with relatively poor diet. So stressed male cattle may become more susceptible to nematode infection. All of the three statistical techniques selected gender and lumen motility as most important variables in association with nematode infection in cattle. The result of this survey can only be extrapolated to the periurban cattle population of traditional management system.

Prevalence of brucellosis and its association with reproductive problems in goats in Bangladesh

Rahman, Md Siddiqur,Uddin, Muhammad Jasim,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

Brucellosis in sheep and goat of Bogra and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Hahsin, Md. Ferdous Ali,Ahasan, Md. Shamim,Her, Moon,Kim, Jeong Yeong,Kang, Sang Il,Jung, Suk Chan The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2011 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.51 No.4

Brucellosis is the most important bacterial disease of livestock in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goat and sheep in Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh using slow agglutination test and Rose Bengal test as screening test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as confirmatory test. Questionnaire based data on age, gender, area, client's complaint, number of animals in herds, disease history, reproductive problems such as abnormal uterine discharge, abortion or previous abortion in sheep and goat and their reproductive diseases were recorded. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from 80 sheep and 120 goats. The prevalence of brucellosis in goat was 2.50% and 1.25% in sheep. Positive reactors were only detected in female of both goat and sheep. In this study, there existed a significant association among abortion and the prevalence of brucellosis (p < 0.01). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat in Bangladesh is not negligible, and it is therefore worth considering the adoption of preventive measures.

Prevalence of Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Cats in Bangladesh

Siddiqur Rahman,Salauddin Bhuiyan,Taohidul Islam,Azimun Nahar,Roma Rani Sarker,Emtiaj Alam,Amitavo Chakrabarty,Abu Sayed Sarker,Laila Akhter,채준석 한국임상수의학회 2014 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that represents one of the most common and important infectiousdiseases of cats worldwide and it is responsible for more deaths among cats than any other infectious diseases. Prevalence data are necessary to define prophylactic, management and therapeutic measures for stray, feral and ownedcats which are lacking in Bangladesh. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of FeLV infection inMymensingh district of Bangladesh using RapiGEN® FeLV Ag Test Kit (RapiGEN® Inc., Republic of Korea), a rapidone-step immunochromatographic assay. Blood samples from total 130 cats (23 owned cats and 107 unowned cats)were collected and tested following the manufacturer’s instruction. An overall prevalence of FeLV infection was 1.54%(2/130). Prevalence was found 1.79% (2/112) on Day 0-up to one year aged cats (young) but no positive case wasfound in above 1 year (Adult) aged group. In male and female cats, the prevalence was 1.72% (1/58) and 1.39%(1/72), respectively. In un-owned cats the prevalence was 1.87%. Positive cases to FeLV were found only in clinicallysick cats. No significant relationship was found according to age, sex, ownership status and health status. To the bestof our knowledge this is the first report of the prevalence of FeLV infection in Bangladesh using RapiGEN® FeLVtest kits which is very much effective because it is easy to apply, less expensive and quick screening of such typeof infection.

Characteristics of bovine pulmonary parasites in Bangladesh

Rahman, A. K. M. Anisur,Begum, Nurjahan,Rahman, Md Siddiqur,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

In a cross-sectional abattoir survey of bovine pulmonary diseases in Mymensingh, during September 2001 to April 2002, subclinical Dictyocaulus viviparous infection was found in mesoendemic level in Bangladeshi adult zebu cattle. The number of mature lung worms varied from $1{\sim}18$ in individual lungs. One to five mature lung worms were most frequent (74.2%) followed by 6 to 10(19.3%) and $11{\sim}18$ (6.5%). Of the total 123 mature worms collected from 31 lungs, there were 50 (40.7%) male and 73 (59.3%) female worms. The female lungworms (mean length 14.41mm) were significantly (P<0.01) larger than the male lungworms (mean length 11.28mm). The number of hydatid cysts varied from $1{\sim}80$ in individual lungs. One to five ($1{\sim}5$) cysts were recorded most commonly (76.0%) followed by $11{\sim}80$ (20.0%) and $6{\sim}10$ (4%). The size (diameter) of the hydatid cysts ranged from $2{\sim}12cm$. Of the total 203 hydatid cysts collected from 31 lungs 45 (22.2%) cysts were fertile and 158 (77.8%) cyst were sterile.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in selected area of Bangladesh and comparison between Rose Bengal test and i-ELISA used for the screening of brucellosis

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Chakrabartty, Amitavo,Islam, Md. Taohidul,Sarker, Roma Rani,Alam, M.E.,Uddin, Muhammad Jasim,Akther, Laila,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2012 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Brucellosis, a bacterial zoonoses caused by the genus Brucella is responsible for abortion and infertility in cow. Brucellosis is causing economic loss in dairy industries and prevalent worldwide including Bangladesh but limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence and its association with reproductive factors of dairy cows in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle using screening test Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the positive sera were further confirmed by indirect- ELISA. For this purpose, a total of 400 serum samples from dairy cows with history of abortion and various reproductive disorders were collected from the Kurigram district of Bangladesh for the detection of Brucella antibody. The overall prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle was 2.25%. Brucellosis in cases of abortion and repeat breeding was 8.3% and 2.8%, respectively. The results shows higher prevalence of brucellosis in cases of abortion followed by repeat breeding, while there was no seropositive cases from other reproductive disorders. Age-wise sero-prevalence was found 3.0% in 2~3 years age group and 2.0% in 4~8 years age group. The prevalence of brucellosis in indigenous and cross-bred cattle was 3.6% and 1.7%, respectively. All the animals detected positive to brucellosis by RBT were not found to be positive by i-ELISA. However, the RBT might be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of Brucella infection in field condition in Bangladesh. These data will help to develop effective disease prevention strategies.