Double Agency Costs in China: A Legal Perspective

( Shao Wei Lin ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2012 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.9 No.-

Unlike other countries with only one principle agency cost incurred by the separation of ownership from management, there are currently two forms of agency costs prevalent in China: vertical agency cost between shareholders and managers and horizontal agency cost between majority shareholders and minority shareholders. The former agency problem is originated from the SOE reform started in 1978, which led to insider control problem and owner absence. Conversely, the concentrated ownership structure makes minority shareholders vulnerable to exploitation from blockshareholders and thus creates the latter agency cost. It is concluded in this article that mechanisms to reduce these agency costs cannot be properly established or effective without an awareness of this fact.

Rapid and Efficient Detection of 16SrI Group Areca Palm Yellow Leaf Phytoplasma in China by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Shao-shuai Yu,Hai-yan Che,Sheng-jie Wang,Cai-li Lin,Ming-xing Lin,Wei-wei Song,Qing-hua Tang,Wei Yan,Wei-quan Qin 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.5

Areca palm yellow leaf (AYL) disease caused by the 16SrI group phytoplasma is a serious threat to the development of the Areca palm industry in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was utilized to establish a rapid and efficient detection system efficient for the 16SrI-B subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China by loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The results showed that two sets of LAMP detection primers, 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, were efficient for 16SrIB subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China, with positive results appearing under reaction conditions of 64oC for 40 min. The lowest detection limit for the two LAMP detection assays was the same at 200 ag/μl, namely approximately 53 copies/μl of the target fragments. Phytoplasma was detected in all AYL disease samples from Baoting, Tunchang, and Wanning counties in Hainan province using the two sets of LAMP primers 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, whereas no phytoplasma was detected in the negative control. The LAMP method established in this study with comparatively high sensitivity and stability, provides reliable results that could be visually detected, making it suitable for application and research in rapid diagnosis of AYL disease, detection of seedlings with the pathogen and breeding of diseaseresistant Areca palm varieties.

Isoprenaline Induces Periostin Expression in Gastric Cancer

Lin Chen,Guo-Xiao Liu,Hong-Qing Xi,Xiao-Yan Sun,Zhi-Jun Geng,Shao-Wei Yang,Yan-Jie Lu,Bo Wei 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.3

Purpose: Periostin mediates critical steps in gastric cancer and is involved in various signaling pathways. However, the roles of periostin in promoting gastric cancer metastasis are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance between periostinexpression and gastric cancer progression and the role of stress-related hormones in the regulation of cancer development and progression. Materials and Methods: Normal, cancerous and metastatic gastric tissues were collected from patients diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer. The in vivo expression of periostin was evaluated by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent staining. Meanwhile,human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines MKN-45 and BGC-803 were used to detect the in vitro expression of periostin by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. Results: Periostin is expressed in the stroma of the primary gastric tumors and metastases, but not in normal gastric tissue. In addition,we observed that periostin is located mainly in pericryptal fibroblasts, but not in the tumor cells, and strongly correlated to the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Furthermore, the distribution patterns of periostin were broader as the clinical staging of tumors progressed. We also identified a role of stress-related signaling in promoting cancer development and progression,and found that isoprenaline upregulated expression levels of periostin in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the distribution pattern of periostin was broader as the clinical staging of the tumor progressedand found that isoprenaline upregulated expression levels of periostin in gastric cancer cells.

Effect of line and floor type on growth performance and feather characterization during the growth period of White Roman geese

Lin Min Jung,Chang Shen Chang,Chen Tzu Jou,Lin Wei Chih,Peng Shao Yu,Lee Tzu Tai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.9

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether goose growth and feather characteristics are influenced by their line and feeding surroundings, inclusive of floor materials and types, since there are no reports regarding these factors. Methods: The 240 White Roman geese which were hatched and sex identified came from 3 commercial goose farms. They were randomly distributed to 24 pens depending on a completely random design. The study continued for 13 weeks and included 3 lines of commercial geese and 2 floor types (cement strip floor [CSF] or cement floor [CF]). Results: The day one gosling weight from A farm was lower than other two farms (96 g vs 107 and 115 g; p<0.001). Afterwards, the body weight, back length, keel length, chest girth and main wing feather length among 3 farms showed no significance difference prior to 12 weeks. The CF group showed heavier body weight, shorter back length, longer keel length, shorter chest girth and shorter main wing feather length than the CSF group prior to 12 weeks. The down weight in the CF was heavier than the CSF group (57.1 g vs 41.8 g; p<0.01) prior to 13 weeks. Conclusion: The body weight showed the positive relations for dry feather weight (r = 0.59), down weight (r = 0.69), percent of the down weight of live body weight prior to 13 weeks (r = 0.61).

Palliative Care for Adult Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Asia: Challenges and Opportunities

Wei-Min Chu,Hung-Bin Tsai,Yu-Chi Chen,Kuan-Yu Hung,Shao-Yi Cheng,Cheng-Pei Lin 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2024 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This article underscores the importance of integrating comprehensive palliative care for noncancer patients who are undergoing hemodialysis, with an emphasis on the aging populations in Asian nations such as Taiwan, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. As the global demographic landscape shifts towards an aging society and healthcare continues to advance, a marked increase has been observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis who require palliative care. This necessitates an immediate paradigm shift to incorporate this care, addressing the intricate physical, psychosocial, and spiritual challenges faced by these individuals and their families. Numerous challenges impede the provision of effective palliative care, including difficulties in prognosis, delayed referrals, cultural misconceptions, lack of clinician confidence, and insufficient collaboration among healthcare professionals. The article proposes potential solutions, such as targeted training for clinicians, the use of telemedicine to facilitate shared decision-making, and the introduction of time-limited trials for dialysis to overcome these obstacles. The integration of palliative care into routine renal treatment and the promotion of transparent communication among healthcare professionals represent key strategies to enhance the quality of life and end-of-life care for people on hemodialysis. By embracing innovative strategies and fostering collaboration, healthcare providers can deliver more patient-centered, holistic care that meets the complex needs of seriously ill patients within an aging population undergoing hemodialysis.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Awareness, Acceptability, and Decision-Making Factors among Chinese College Students

Wang, Shao-Ming,Zhang, Shao-Kai,Pan, Xiong-Fei,Ren, Ze-Fang,Yang, Chun-Xia,Wang, Zeng-Zhen,Gao, Xiao-Hong,Li, Man,Zheng, Quan-Qing,Ma, Wei,Zhao, Fang-Hui,Qiao, You-Lin,Sivasubramaniam, Priya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

Actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex is essential for mouse preimplantation embryo development

Sun, Shao-Chen,Wang, Qing-Ling,Gao, Wei-Wei,Xu, Yong-Nan,Liu, Hong-Lin,Cui, Xiang-Shun,Kim, Nam-Hyung CSIRO Publishing 2013 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.25 No.4

<P> The Arp2/3 complex is a critical actin nucleator, which promotes actin assembly and is widely involved in a diverse range of actin-related processes such as cell locomotion, phagocytosis and the establishment of cell polarity. Previous studies showed that the Arp2/3 complex regulates spindle migration and asymmetric division during mouse oocyte maturation; however, the role of the Arp2/3 complex in early mouse embryo development is still unknown. The results of the present study show that the Arp2/3 complex is critical for cytokinesis during mouse embryo development. The Arp2/3 complex was concentrated at the cortex of each cell at the 2- to 8-cell stage and the peripheral areas of the morula and blastocyst. Inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex by the specific inhibitor CK666 at the zygote stage caused a failure in cell division; mouse embryos failed to undergo compaction and lost apical-basal polarity. The actin level decreased in the CK666-treated group, and two or more nuclei were observed within a single cell, indicating a failure of cell division. Addition of CK666 at the 8-cell stage caused a failure of blastocyst formation, and CDX2 staining confirmed the loss of embryo polarity and the failure of trophectoderm and inner cell mass formation. Taken together, these data suggest that the Arp2/3 complex may regulate mouse embryo development via its effect on cell division. </P>

Phase II Clinical Study on the GEMOX Regimen as Second-line Therapy for Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Yuan, Shao-Fei,Zhang, Lian-Ping,Zhu, Lin-Jia,Chen, Wen-Jun,Zheng, Wei-E,Xiong, Jian-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of gemcitabine by fixed-dose rate infusion plus oxaliplatin (GEMOX regimen) as second-line therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Methods: 64 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were divided into an experimental group (44 cases) and a control group (20 cases). The experimental group was treated with continuous intravenous infusion of gemcitabine at 1000 $mg/m^2$ with a fixed-dose rate of 10 $mg/m^2/min$, on days 1 and 8 and oxaliplatin at 100 $mg/m^2$ on day 1, IVGTT, repeated every 3 weeks. The control group was treated with intravenous infusion of gemcitabine at 1000 $mg/m^2$ within 30 min on days 1 and and oxaliplatin at 100 $mg/m^2$ on day 1, IVGTT, again repeated every 3 weeks. CT scans or MRI were used for review every 1-2 cycles. Results: The effective rate in the experimental group was significantly high than control group (43.2% vs 35.0%; P < 0.05), with no obvious difference of hematologic or non-hematologic toxicity between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: GEMOX regimen is very effective to treat advanced ovarian cancer, with low toxicity, good tolerance and improved life quality in patients.

Cd Distribution in the Soil and Rice in the Vicinity of the World’s Largest and Longest-Operating Tungsten Mine in China

Chunye Lin,Mengchang He,Hongguang Cheng,Wei Ouyang,Xiao Shao 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Assessment of the crest cracks of the Pubugou rockfill dam based on parameters back analysis

Zhou, Wei,Li, Shao-Lin,Ma, Gang,Chang, Xiao-Lin,Cheng, Yong-Gang,Ma, Xing Techno-Press 2016 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.11 No.4

The crest of the Pubugou central core rockfill dam (CCRD) cracked in the first and second impounding periods. To evaluate the safety of the Pubugou CCRD, an inversion analysis of the constitutive model parameters for rockfill materials is performed based on the in situ deformation monitoring data. The aim of this work is to truly reflect the deformation state of the Pubugou CCRD and determine the causes of the dam crest cracks. A novel real-coded genetic algorithm based upon the differences in gene fragments (DGFX) is proposed. It is used in combination with the radial based function neural network (RBFNN) to perform the parameters back analysis. The simulated settlements show good agreements with the monitoring data, illustrating that the back analysis is reasonable and accurate. Furthermore, the deformation gradient of the dam crest has been analysed. The dam crest has a great possibility of cracking due to the uncoordinated deformation, which agrees well with the field investigation. The deformation gradient decreases to the value lower than the critical one and reaches a stable state after the second full reservoir.