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崔原碩(Choi Won-Seak) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2009 東亞法學 Vol.- No.44
The influence of internet on the copyright is that ① there is no visual copy mechanically existing on books or diskettes traditionally and the content and software is distributed in the electric type; ② the program used for reading information on internet can be completely copied and send it immediately to hundreds of computers in the world, and at the same time, the received computer may repeat the same procedure; ③ the electrical transmission means that electric copy is send to other country simultaneously and it is a great challenge to that depend on the country with unpermitted publishment and distribution to determine traditionally whether it is the infringement of copyright or not; ④ most of countries control the Copyright Act distinguishing between business use and private use, however, those were not discriminated on internet. Such sudden development of internet and digital is built up basic concepts such as copy, distribution, publishment, transmission and import in corresponds with the digital age. However, as the writing is digitalized, that is circulated and used through internet and it is easy to be modified and to be copied by user's will unlike author's intention. In this case, it is very difficult to relieve for the infringement with traditional copyright law. This study tried to actualize the fair use of it.
최석원(Seak-Won Choi),사공동훈(Dong-Hoon Sagong),송양익(Yang-Yik Song),윤태명(Tae-Myung Yoon) 한국원예학회 2009 원예과학기술지 Vol.27 No.4
3.5×1.5m로 심어 세장방추형을 목표수형으로 관리하고 있는 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무에서 재식 3년 차와 4년 차에 주간 단면적(TCA, ㎠)당 착과 수를 4, 5, 6, 7개로 착과 수준을 달리하여 영양생장, 수량, 과실 품질 및 익년 개화율을 비교 하였다. TCA당 착과 수준이 낮을수록 신초생장 및 주간비대가 양호하였고 과실당 엽면적 비율이 높아지면서 과중이 크게 증가하였다. 주당 수량은 착과량이 적을수록 평균 과중이 현저히 증가하여 착과 수준간의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. TCA ㎠ 당 착과 수준이 6, 7개의 경우 과중 300g이하의 과일비율이 현저히 높아지고 익년 개화율이 50% 미만으로 낮아 이듬해에 같은 수준의 결실이 어려웠다. 재식 3-4년 차에는 적절한 결실을 통해 수세를 안정시켜야 하면서 한편으로는 지속적인 영양생장을 통해 수관을 확대하여야 하는 시기므로 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 경우 3년 차에는 TCA ㎠ 당 4-5과인 50-60개/주를 결실시키는 것이, 재식 4년 차의 경우 TCA ㎠당 4과인 70-75개/주 범위로 결실시키는 것이 적당할 것으로 판단되었다. 이 경우 영양생장이 유지되어 수관이 확보되면서 350g 이상의 대과의 비율이 높아 착과 수준을 높여 수량을 올리는 것에 비해 소득 면에서 유리할 것으로 판단되었다. Four different crop loads by hand thinning, 4, 5, 6 and 7 fruits per trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, ㎠), were established in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> and 4<SUP>th</SUP> leafy years of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees planted at 3.5 × 1.5 m spacing and trained as slender spindle. Tree responses to reduced crop load included increased trunk thickness, longer shoot and heavier fruits with higher leaf area per fruit. However, yield per tree among different crop loads was not significantly different by compensational fruit growth with less fruit set. The percentage of fruits heavier than 300 g increased significantly at the crop load of 6 and 7 fruits per TCA ㎠ and return bloom dropped to less than 50%; hence, it was not possible to keep the same levels of crop load in the next year. Achieving a balance between vegetative growth and cropping of the high-density orchard system in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> and 4<SUP>th</SUP> leafy years is important for stable production of quality fruits. Not only for early tree calmness, but also for early fullness of the tree canopy in allotted space with some vegetative growth, it seemed to be recommendable to set 4-5 fruits per TCA ㎠ or 50-60 fruits per tree in the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> leafy year and 4 fruits per TCA ㎠ or 70-75 fruits per tree in the 4<SUP>th</SUP> leafy year. Economically, it is not disadvantageous with higher percentage of costly fruits heavier than 350g in spite of some low yield.
( Hae Won Choi ),( Yeoun Joo Lee ),( Seak Hee Oh ),( Kyung Mo Kim ),( Jeong Min Ryu ),( Beom Hee Lee ),( Gu Hwan Kim ),( Han Wook Yoo ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.1
Hereditary fructose intolerance is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by a deficiency in fructose-1- phosphate aldolase (Aldolase B). Children can present with hypoglycemia, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes and hepatomegaly after intake of dietary fructose. Long-term intake of fructose in undiagnosed patients can result in hepatic failure or renal failure. We experienced a case of hereditary fructose intolerance presenting as recurrent hepatitis-like episodes. Detailed evaluation of her dietary habits revealed her avoidance of sweetened foods and fruits. Genetic analysis of ALDOB revealed that she is a homozygote for a novel frameshifting mutation c[758_759insT]+[758_759insT] (p.[val25 3fsX24]+[val253fsX24]). This report is the fi rst of a Korean patient diagnosed with hereditary fructose intolerance using only molecular testing without undergoing intravenous fructose tolerance test or enzyme assay. (Gut Liver 2012;6:126- 128)
Ji-Won Lee,Jun-Pyo Myong,Yeong-Jin Choi,Seyoung Lee,Bum Seak Jo,Jung-Wan Koo 대한직업환경의학회 2016 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.28 No.-
Background: An association between silica exposure and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis has been made. Case presentation: A 56-year-old male presented with silicosis and had an occupational history of precious metal processing for 30 years and a 30 pack-year smoking history. The patient was diagnosed with pneumoconiosis and received compensation. No other complications were reported for pneumoconiosis. The patient suddenly presented with a non-specific headache for several days and microscopic hematuria was identified upon examination in the outpatient clinic. Following several weeks, the patient presented with aggravated dyspnea and hemoptysis, and his Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate indicated acute kidney injury. Diagnostic analysis revealed perinuclear ANCA-associated microscopic polyangiitis (p-ANCA-associated MPA). Conclusion: Exposure to silica dust was likely one of the cause of p-ANCA-associated MPA. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune diseases in silicotics and emphasis of the necessity for early diagnosis are discussed.