Two Kinds of Value Orientations in the Confucian Culture of Filial Piety

( SHANG Yong-liang ),( GE Gang-yan ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2014 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.21

申生“敬順事上”卻屢被讒毁, “將以悅親”反受辱身亡, 這一事實本身即說明了“家天下”政治之複雜和殘酷, 說明了“愚孝”、“愚忠”之不可爲;後人所謂“申生孝而不能安晉”, 實在是對申生之“孝”所起作用的一種高估, 缺乏對中國儒家“孝”文化的深層透視。就本質言, 申生之死乃是其對儒家孝文化理解的偏執, 是其“小心精潔”的性格特點所使然;他的悲劇, 與其說是家庭層面的倫理悲劇、國家層面的政治悲劇, 毋寧說是一種緣於人性深處的性格悲劇, 以及緣於中國早期孝道深厚浸染的文化悲劇。 Shen Sheng (申生) was respectful to his elders, though he repeatedly received death threats from them; he cheerfully gave affection for his father, though he was inhumanly killed by him. His story actually explains the complexity and hidden cruelty of the family-state politics, and it also explains what may be called “foolish filial piety” and “foolish loyalty.” Shen Sheng’s filial piety and loyalty have often evaluated highly; however, such an evaluation does not offer deep understanding of the Confucian culture of filial piety. As for the essence of the culture, Shen Sheng’s death shows an obsession with the culture of filial piety. His story is neither simply a tragedy at the level of the family nor a tragedy at the level of state politics; rather, it should be understood as the kind of tragedy that stems from human nature itself and the inbuilt structure of the Chinese traditional culture of filial piety. [Article in Chinese]

당오대(唐五代) 유배관리의 시기 및 지역분포에 관한 정량(定量) 분석

상용량(Shang Yong-liang) 제주학회 2017 濟州島硏究 Vol.48 No.-

유배와 유배문학은 이미 문학 역사학계의 많은 관심을 불러일으켰고, 연구방법상에서 다수의 연구자들은 아직도 전통적인 역사문화 비평법을 운용하고 있다. 하지만 당오대(唐五代, 621-960) 유배 관리의 전체 수량 및 그 분포시기ㆍ분포지역에 대한 실증적 고찰이 상대적으로 결여되어있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여 이 논문에서는 통계적인 방법을 시험적으로 이용하여, 당오대 유배 관리의 시간적 공간적 분포 및 그 발전변화에 대하여 정량적인 분석을 진행하였다. 당오대, 340 여년간, 유배지에 대한 기록이 남아 있는 유배 관리는 모두 2,828명에 이른다. 그 분포시기를 보면, 중당(中唐)시기가 가장 많다. 분포지역으로 보자면, 남방 지방에 속하는 영남도(嶺南道)ㆍ강남서(江南西)ㆍ동도(東道)와 산남동도(山南東道) 등은 황폐하고 편벽하여, 유배지로서 적격이었다. 그 중 가장 으뜸은 바로 영남도(嶺南道)ㆍ강남서(江南西道)가 관리하던 39주(州) 당오대(唐五代) 유배관리 전체 총수의 25.5%를 차지하고 있다. 절대수량에서 보자면, 중당(中唐)시기와 영남도(嶺南道)ㆍ강남서(江南西道) 등지의 연인원 유배관리 수가 가장 많아 중시될만하지만, 이는 결코 기타 시기 기타 지역이 중요하지 않다는 것을 말하는 것은 아니다. 사실상 각 시대 각 지역은 모두 그 독창성을 가지고 있고, 모두 당시 정치 문화와 관련하여 발굴과 이용의 가치가 있다. Exile and exile literature have already sparked a great deal of interest in literature and history, and many researchers still apply the traditional historical culture critics. However, there is a relatively inadequate among the total number of exile officials in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, the eras and regions of their distribution. In this regard, this paper gave quantitative analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of exile officials in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. During the period(621 ~960) of 340 years, there are 2,828 people who have recorded the numbers of exile officials. At the era of the distribution, the middle Tang Dynasty is most prevalent. As a distribution region, the ruined and isolated southern provinces were suitable for exile. But that is not to say that the rest of the eras and regions are unimportant. Each era and each region has its originality, and all of them have significant implications for political culture.

Structure and bioactivity of triterpenoids from the stems of Schisandra sphenanthera

Cheng-Qin Liang,Rong-Hua Luo,Ju-Ming Yan,Yan Li,Xiao-Nian Li,Yi-Ming Shi,Shan-Zhai Shang,Zhong-Hua Gao,Liu-Meng Yang,Yong-Tang Zheng,Wei-Lie Xiao,Hong-Bin Zhang,Han Dong Sun 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.2

Two new triterpenoids, schisphendilactoneA and B (1 and 2), together with three known triterpenoids,were isolated from the stems of Schisandra sphenanthera. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods,and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined bysingle-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 showedmoderate inhibitory activity against SW480 cancer cellline, and compound 5 exhibited promising anti-HIV-1activity with EC50 value of 0.52 lg ml-1 and therapeuticindex value of 117.12.

Phenolic constituents from Parakmeria yunnanensis and their anti-HIV-1 activity

Shan-Zhai Shang,Huan Chen,Cheng-Qin Liang,Zhong-Hua Gao,Xue Du,Rui-Rui Wang,Yi-Ming Shi,Yong-Tang Zheng,Wei-Lie Xiao,Han Dong Sun 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.10

Three new phenolic compounds, yunnanensinsA–C (1–3), together with fourteen known ones (4–17),were isolated from the leaves and stems of Parakmeriayunnanensis. The structures of new compounds wereestablished on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Several compounds showed weak anti-HIV-1 activity.

Perfusion Computed Tomography in Predicting Treatment Response of Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Li, Ming-Huan,Shang, Dong-Ping,Chen, Chen,Xu, Liang,Huang, Yong,Kong, Li,Yu, Jin-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of perfusion computed tomography (CT) for response of local advanced esophageal carcinoma to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Before any treatment, forty-three local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were prospectively evaluated by perfusion scan with 16-row CT from June 2009 to January 2012. Perfusion parameters, including perfusion (BF), peak enhanced density (PED), blood volume (BV), and time to peak (TTP) were measured using Philips perfusion software. Seventeen cases received definitive radiotherapy and 26 received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The response was evaluated by CT scan and esophagography. Differences in perfusion parameters between responders and non-responders were analyzed, and ROCs were used to assess predictive value of the baseline parameters for treatment response. Results: There were 25 responders (R) and 18 non-responders (NR). Responders showed significantly higher BF (R:34.1 ml/100g/min vs NR: 25.0 ml/100g/min, p=0.001), BV (23.2 ml/100g vs 18.3 ml/100g, p=0.009) and PED (32.5 HU vs 28.32HU, P=0.003) than non-responders. But the baseline TTP (R: 38.2s vs NR: 44.10s, p=0.172) had no difference in the two groups. For baseline BF, a threshold of 36.1 ml/100g/min achieved a sensitivity of 56%, and a specificity of 94.4% for detection of clinical responders from non-responders. Conclusions: The results suggest that the perfusion CT can provide some helpful information for identifying tumors that may respond to radio-chemotherapy.

Hsp90 Inhibitor Geldanamycin Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Enediyne Lidamycin in Association with Reduced DNA Damage Repair

Han, Fei-Fei,Li, Liang,Shang, Bo-Yang,Shao, Rong-Guang,Zhen, Yong-Su Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) leads to inappropriate processing of proteins involved in DNA damage repair pathways after DNA damage and may enhance tumor cell radio- and chemotherapy sensitivity. To investigate the potentiation of antitumor efficacy of lidamycin (LDM), an enediyne agent by the Hsp90 inhibitorgeldanamycin (GDM), and possible mechanisms, we have determined effects on ovarian cancer SKOV-3, hepatoma Bel-7402 and HepG2 cells by MTT assay, apoptosis assay, and cell cycle analysis. DNA damage was investigated with H2AX C-terminal phosphorylation (${\gamma}H2AX$) assays. We found that GDM synergistically sensitized SKOV-3 and Bel-7402 cells to the enediyne LDM, and this was accompanied by increased apoptosis. GDM pretreatment resulted in a greater LDM-induced DNA damage and reduced DNA repair as compared with LDM alone. However, in HepG2 cells GDM did not show significant sensitizing effects both in MTT assay and in DNA damage repair. Abrogation of LDM-induced $G_2/M$ arrest by GDM was found in SKOV-3 but not in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the expression of ATM, related to DNA damage repair responses, was also decreased by GDM in SKOV-3 and Bel-7402 cells but not in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate that Hsp90 inhibitors may potentiate the antitumor efficacy of LDM, possibly by reducing the repair of LDM-induced DNA damage.

Study on Anti-Proliferative Activity in Cancer Cells and Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationship of Pseudo-Peptide Chiral Thioureas

Peng Liao,Shi-Qin Hu,Hong Zhang,Liang-Bi Xu,Jing-Zi Liu,Bin He,Shang-Gao Liao,Yong-Jun Li 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.3

In our previous studies, we have shown that thiourea compounds containing phosphate esters have potent antitumor activity and can be used as a novel strategy for the development of antitumor agents. Herein, a series of novel phosphonate thioureas 5–38 have been synthesized, which were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectrum, elemental analysis. Three human cancer cell lines (Bcap-37, BGC-823, and PC-3) have been used to investigate these compounds’ antitumor activities. After the summarization of the structure–activity relationships, we found that the variation of R, R1, and R2 in these novel phosphonate thioureas contribute to the antitumor activities. All these SAR-guided efforts may lead to novel antitumor drugs in the market in the near future.