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Risnasari, Iwan,Febrianto, Fauzi,Wistara, Nyoman Jaya,Sadiyo, Sucahyo,Nikmatin, Siti,Teramoto, Yoshikuni,Lee, Seung Hwan,Jang, Jae Hyuk,Hidayat, Wahyu,Kim, Nam Hun Springer-Verlag 2018 Wood science and technology Vol.52 No.2
<P>Cellulose nanocrystals with cellulose II polymorph (CNC-II) were obtained from primary sludge fiber (PSF) in a pulp and paper mill by sulfuric acid hydrolysis after purification to remove inorganic materials and lignin. The CNC-IIs obtained were applied as reinforcing fillers for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Characterization of CNC-IIs was performed using FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The morphology, conductivity, and tensile properties of CNC-IIs-reinforced PVA nanocomposites were also investigated. Purification treatment effectively reduced non-cellulosic material in the sludge, increasing the cellulose content from 39.87 to 76.34%. The conductivity and tensile properties of the PVA/CNC-II nanocomposite was better than those of neat PVA and PVA/PSF composite.</P>
( Lukmanul Hakim ZAIN ),( Fauzi FEBRIANTO ),( I Nyoman Jaya WISTARA ),( Marwanto N ),( Muhammad Iqbal MAULANA ),( Seung Hwan LEE ),( Nam Hun KIM ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.5
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully isolated from oil palm fronds (OPFs) using different concentrations of ammonium persulfate (APS), and their characteristics were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). APS oxidation effectively isolated CNCs with rod-like morphology in nanometer scale. The dimensions of the CNCs decreased with increasing APS concentration. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that all the CNCs showed crystals in the form of cellulose I without crystal transformation occurring during APS treatment. The relative crystallinity of the CNCs increased with increasing APS concentration, whereas their thermal stability decreased. An APS concentration of 2 M was found to be optimal for isolating the CNCs.
( Sena Maulana ),( Muhammad Iqbal Maulana ),( Marwanto ),( Yuarsa Gumelar ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Nyoman Jaya Wistara ),( Ihak Sumardi ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2019 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.1
The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) from betung (Dendrocalamus asper ) bamboo using destructive and non-destructive methods under various shelling ratio and resin content. Strands were vacuum-treated at 126 ºC for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer BOSB (face:core:back) layers with the core layer perpendicular to the surface was formed with 15:70:15; 20:60:20; 25:50:25; 30:40:30 weight ratio and binded with 7 and 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the boards was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard and compared with CSA 0437.0 standard for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). The results showed that BOSBs manufactured using 8% resin content with various core-to-face layer ratios had better physical and mechanical properties than using 7% resin content. Increasing core layer ratio increased the strength of BOSBs parallel to the grain. The face:core:back layers ratio of 25:50:25 could be used as a simple way to reduce PF resin requirements from 8% to 7%. Testing of non-destructive mechanical properties in betung BOSB has a high correlation with destructive testing.
( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Dini Lestari ),( Adesna Fatrawana ),( Sena Maulana ),( Rita Kartikasari ),( I Nyoman Jaya Wistara ),( Deded Sarip Nawawi ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 韓國木材工學會 2017 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1
Dimensional stability and strength of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) were much improved when bamboo strands were steamed pre-treated prior to be mixed with adhesive. However, the treatment is still needs to be improved due to some extractives were still accumulated on the surfaces of strands. The objectives of this research were to evaluate physical, mechanical and durability properties of BOSB prepared from modified steam treatment of betung bamboo strand (Dendrocalamus asper) and chemical composition change during the treatment. Three layers of BOSB were prepared and the ratio of surface, core and back layer was set 1:1:1. The strands were steamed at closed tank at certain condition. Some strands were washed with distilled and NaOH 1% solution. Paraffin in amount of 1 % was added. A rotary drum blender was used for mixing the strands and 8% PF adhesive. The mat-form was hot-pressed at 135 ℃ for 10 min at a pressure of 2.5 MPa to fabricate BOSBs. The board was then conditioned for two weeks in a room condition. For comparison, BOSB prepared from strands preserved with 3% borax preservative was also developed. Steam treatment greatly improved dimensional stabilization i.e. water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) and mechanical properties i.e. MOE, MOR and internal bond (IB) of BOSB. Washing strands with NaOH 1% solution after steamed treatment resulted in better improvement of those parameters than washing with distilled water. BOSB resulted from the above modified steam processes also improved its durability against termite attacked. Extractives, holocellulose and lignin of bamboo reduced and pH value and alpha cellulose increased after applying steam. Durability class of BOSB obtained in this experiment was equal with using 3% borax preservative.
Effects of Steam Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board
Sena Maulana,Imam Busyra,Adesna Fatrawana,Wahyu Hidayat,Rita Kartika Sari,Ihak Sumardi,I Nyoman Jaya Wistara,Seung Hwan Lee,Nam Hun Kim,Fauzi Febrianto 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.6
The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (B-OSB) from an-dong (Gigantochloa psedoarundinacea) and betung (Dendrocalamus asper) with and without steam treatment. Strands were steam-treated at 126℃ for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure. The extractive content of bamboo strands before and after steam treatment were determined according to a standard (TAPPI T 204 om-88). Three-layer B-OSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface and back layers were formed and binded with 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the boards were conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard. The results showed that steam treatment of bamboo strands significantly reduced the extractive content. Steam treatment tended to increase the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of B-OSB from andong and betung. The results showed that the dimensional stability and bending strength of B-OSB from betung was higher than those of andong. The internal bond strength of B-OSB from andong was higher than betung owing to a greater amount of extractives dissolved during the steam treatment.
( Sena Maulana ),( Yuarsa Gumelar ),( Adesna Fatrawana ),( Muhammad Iqbal Maulana ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Ihak Sumardi ),( Nyoman Jaya Wistara ),( Seung Hwan Lee ),( Nam Hun Kim ),( Fauzi Febrianto ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.4
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of shelling ratio and resin content on the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) from betung (Dendrocalamus asper) and to determine the correlation between the results of dynamic and static bending tests. Strands were steam-treated at 126 ºC for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer BOSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface was formed with shelling ratios (face:core ratio) of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and binded with 7% and 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of BOSB was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard and the results were compared with CSA 0437.0 standard for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). Non-destructive testing was conducted using Metriguard Model 239A Stress Wave Timer which has a wave propagation time from 1 to 9,999 μs and a resolution of 1 μs. BOSB with 8% resin content showed better physical and mechanical properties than those with 7% resin content. The increase of the face layer ratio improved the strength of BOSB in parallel direction to the grain. The results suggested that shelling ratio of 50:50 could be used as a simple way to reduce PF resin requirements from 8% to 7% and to meet the requirements of CSA 0437.0 standard. The results of non-destructive and destructive tests showed a strong correlation, suggesting that non-destructive test can be used to estimate the bending properties of BOSB.