Effect of Bark Content and Densification Temperature on The Properties of Oil Palm Trunk-Based Pellets

Nyoman J Wistara,Moh Arif Rohmatullah,Fauzi Febrianto,Gustan Pari,Seung-hwan Lee,Nam-hun Kim 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.6

Oil palm trunk (OPT) is a potential source of biomass for the production of biopellet. In the present research, biopellet were prepared from the meristem part of 25 years old OPT with various percentages of its bark (0, 10, and 30%). The highest biopellet durability was found for biopellet produced at 130℃ of pelletizing temper-ature with 30% bark content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biopellet showed the weak of particle bonding due to the low pelletizing pressure. The moisture content, unit density, ash content, and caloric value of OPT-based pellets were 3.55-5.35%, 525.56-855.23 kg/m³, 2.76-3.44%, and 17.89-19.14 MJ/kg, respectively. The combustion profiles obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) seemed to be unaffected by the bark content on. Differential thermal analysis of TGA curve indicated different pyrolysis characteristic of hemi-cellulose, cellulose, and lignin.

P-91 : Biopellet Properties of Agathis Wood Fortified with Its Loosen Bark

( Nyoman J Wistara ),( Syaiful Bahri ),( Gustan Pari ) 한국목재공학회 2016 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

Effect of Tree Age and Active Alkali on Kraft Pulping of White Jabon

Nyoman J Wistara,Anne Carolina,Widya S Pulungan,Nadrah Emil,Seung Hwan Lee,Nam Hun Kim 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.5

White Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is one of the fast growing species in Indonesia and has the potential as the raw material for pulp and paper. In this research, 3, 5, and 7 years old White Jabon woods were pulped under different active alkali charge of 15%, 18%, 21%, 24%, and 27%, and its effect on delignification degree, kappa number, pulp yield, pulp viscosity, brightness, unbeaten freeness, and delignification selectivity was investigated. The results showed that tree age and active alkali concentration influenced the quality of pulp and pulping properties, except for that of unbeaten freeness. Delignification degree increased with increasing active alkali charge, and this brought about the decrease of pulp kappa number. The pulping yield tended to decrease below the Klason lignin of approximately 4%. Even though the 3 years old wood resulted in the highest brightness and highest delignification selectivity, the highest pulp viscosity was obtained with the 5 years old wood. The dominant fiber length of all wood ages was in the range of 1.2 - 2.0 mm. The 3 years old wood was considered to be the most promising raw material for kraft pulping in the view point of pulping properties, pulp quality and harvesting rotation.

Food Preservatives Sensor from Oil Palm Processing Waste

Nyoman J Wistara,Herman M Zendrato,Dhany Alfalah,Nanang Masruchin 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and oil palm fruit exocarps (PFE) are palm oil processing wastes. Considering its abundance, both forms of waste are potentially useful for valuable materials such as food preservatives and hazardous chemicals (FPHC) sensors. This study evaluated the possibility of using both wastes as nanocellulose and anthocyanin-based FPHC sensors. The OPEFB was converted into cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) by alkaline hydrogen peroxide – peracetic acid (AHP-PAA) and sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis was performed with 58 wt.% of H2SO4 at 45 oC for 60 min with l/s of 10 (mL/g). Anthocyanins of PFE waste were isolated using methanol 96%-HCl 1%. Anthocyanin – CNC combination was tested for its sensor capabilities against sodium nitrite, formalin, and borax. The results showed changes in morphological character, thermal properties, functional groups, structures, an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the CNC, and a yield of 31.23 ± 0.7%. Anthocyanin could detect sodium nitrite up to a concentration of 10 ppm, more sensitive than formalin and borax, detectable at concentration limits of 10000 ppm (1%) and 100000 ppm (10%), respectively. A 0.02% (w/v) CNC in anthocyanin solution did not significantly increase the detection sensitivity to formalin and borax. However, CNC addition increased the detection sensitivity to sodium nitrite, indicated by an increase of absorbance to 218% (compared with anthocyanin without CNC).

P-105 : Sugar Palm Kernel, a Potential Source of Bioethanol Feedstock

( Nyoman J. Wistara ),( Rahmi Nurhidayah ) 한국목재공학회 2015 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

Effect of Biological and Liquid Hot Water Pretreatments on Ethanol Yield from Mengkuang (Pandanus artocarpus Griff)

( Hikma Yanti ),( Wasrin Syafii ),( Nyoman J Wistara ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.2

This study aimed to increase the sugar and ethanol yield from the mengkuang plant biomass through biological and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and their combination. The results showed that biological pretreatments with 5% inoculum of the fungus Trametes versicolor resulted in the highest alpha cellulose content incubated for 30 days, and 10% inoculum resulted in the lowest lignin content. LHW pretreatment decreased the hemicellulose content of pulps from 10.17% to 9.99%. T. versicolor altered the structure of the mengkuang pulp by degrading the lignin and lignocellulose matrix. The resulting delignification and cellulose degradation facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. The alpha cellulose content after biological-LHW pretreatment was higher (78.99%) compared to LHW-biological pretreatment (76.85%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that biological-LHW combinated treatment degrades the cell wall structures. The ethanol yield for biological-LHW pretreated sample was observed 43.86% (13.11 g/L ethanol by weight of the substrate, which is much higher than that of LHW-biological pretreatment (34.02%; 9.097 g/L). The highest reducing sugar content about 45.10% was observed with a resulting ethanol content of 15.5 g/L at LHW pretreatment temperature of 180℃ for 30 min.

Anatomical and Physical Properties of Indonesian Bamboos Carbonized at Different Temperatures

( Se-hwi Park ),( Jae-hyuk Jang ),( Nyoman J Wistara ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Min Lee ),( Fauzi Febrianto ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.6

Tropical bamboo species, which have a very rapid growth rate, are considered as a promising non-timber forest product capable of exhibiting new functionality by carbonization technology. This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of carbonized bamboos from Andong (G. pseuudoarundinacea (Steudel) Widjaja), Hitam (G. atrovialacea), Tali (G. apus), Kuning (B. vulgaris Var. striata (Lodd. Ex Lindl)), and Ampel (B. vulgaris Scharad. ex Wendland), and Betung (D. asper). Each bamboo was carbonized at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ℃, respectively, and their physical and anatomical characteristics were investigated. The result showed that the volume and weight of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature and showed the substantial changes of volume and weight between 200 and 400 ℃. The highest and the lowest density of carbonized samples were found in Ampel bamboo and Betung bamboo, respectively. The density of all carbonized bamboos tended to decrease after carbonization at 200 and 400 ℃ and relatively become constant afterwards. The carbonized bamboo prepared at 800 and 1,000 ℃ showed better refining degree. The results of the anatomical observation showed that the vascular diameter of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature, and the shrinkage in radial and tangential direction showed similar tendency. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant correlation between physical contraction and anatomical contraction. Based on the results of this study, comprehensive data about Indonesian bamboo charcoals could be obtained and it will be useful for future application studies.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) Fibers

( Renny Purnawati ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( I Nyoman J Wistara ),( Siti Nikmatin ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Seung Hwan Lee ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.4

Natural fibers derived from lignocellulosic materials are considered to be more environment-friendly than petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Several natural fibers, such as seedpod fibers, have a potential for development, including kapok and balsa fibers. The characteristics of both fibers were evaluated to determine their suitability for specific valuable applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze some important fundamental properties of kapok and balsa fibers, including their dimensions, morphology, chemical components, and wettability. The results showed that the average fiber lengths for kapok and balsa were 1.63 and 1.30 cm, respectively. Kapok and balsa fibers had thin cell walls and large lumens filled with air. The kapok fiber was composed of 38.09% α-cellulose, 14.09% lignin, and 2.34% wax content, whereas the balsa fiber was composed 44.62% α-cellulose, 16.60% lignin, and 2.29% wax content. The characteristics of kapok and balsa fibers were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The contact angle of the distilled water on kapok and balsa fibers was more than 90°, indicating that both fibers are hydrophobic with low wettability properties because of to the presence of wax on the fiber surface.

Some Important Properties of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and Balsa (Ochroma pirimidale) Fibers and Their Application as Fillers for Wood Plastic Composites

Renny Purnawati,Muhammad Iqbal Maulana,Marwanto,I Nyoman J Wistara,SitiNikmatin,WahyuHidayat,FauziFebrianto,NamHunKim 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

Recently, natural fiber derived from lignocellulosic materialsis considered to have better properties than the petroleum-based synthetic fiber. Several natural fibers that are potential to be developed are kapok and balsa seed pod fibers. Both of kapok and balsa fibers’characteristics must be known to determine its suitability for many applications. The purpose of this study is to analyze some important basic properties of kapok and balsa fibers including its dimension, morphology, chemical compound and wettability. The results of study showed that the average fiber length of kapok and balsa were 1.63 cm and 1.30 cm, respectively. Kapok and balsa fibers had thin cell wall and large lumen filled with air. The essential chemical components of kapok fiber observed were α-cellulose, lignin and wax content by 38.09%, 14.09%, and 2.34%, respectively. While, balsa fiber observed contains chemical components of 44.62% α-cellulose, 16.60% lignin and 2.29% wax content, respectively. There were similarities between kapok and balsa fibers’ characteristics due to the XRD, FTIR and DSC data obtained. The contact angle between aquadest and kapok as well as balsa fibers was more than 90°, so that both fibers had hydrophobic and low wettability properties due to the presence of wax content on the fiber surface.

< 전시-P-50 > The Effect of Chemical and Physical Treatment on Properties of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) Fibers

( Renny Purnawati ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( I Nyoman J. Wistara ),( Siti Nikmatin ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

Physical and chemical treatments were applied to kapok and balsa fibers to create better fiber to resin bonding in natural composite materials. The fibers have been treated with varying concentration of sodium hydroxide. The same fibers were also treated with corona plasma. Techniques of characterization namely SEM, XRD and FTIR were used to investigate the effect of the treatments on the fibers. After alkalization, the surface topography of fibers is clean and rough. The surface of kapok and balsa fibers apparently not affected by the plasma treatment. The fiber crystallinity increased along with the 6% sodium hydroxide addition but was decreased along with a higher concentration of given sodium hydroxide. The distance between the electrode plate in the plasma treatment affects the fiber crystallinity. Alkali and plasma treatments generally not influenced the chemical composition of cellulose. Alkali and plasma treatment have successfully modified the structure of kapok and balsa fibers and this modification will improve the performance of biocomposite by promoting better interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and fibers.