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Characterization of Exosome-Like Plant Nanoparticles and Their Physiological Activity
Minkyoung Kang,Juyeon Lee,Jiseon Yoo,Bohyun Yun,Sangnam Oh 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Exosomes are known as membrane-bound organelles secreted by eukaryotic cells, and there has been a long debate over the possible production of exosomes in plants due to the presence of cell walls. However, recent studies have indicated the secretion of exosome like nanoparticle, including bioactive lipids, proteins, small RNAs and other pharmacologically active molecules from plants. In this study, we isolated nanoparticles from 11 vegetables (PNPs; plant nanoparticles) using the polyethylene glycol 6000, and characterized their physicochemical properties (e.g., particle size, contents, morphology and miRNA contents) by scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and bioanalyzer. Most of PNPs showed round shapes and diameters of 200nm or less. Interestingly, anti-inflammation activities effect of PNPs from 11 different plant sources were observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, accompanied with reduction of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). These results showed the potential use of exosome-like nanoparticles was suggested as pharmaceutical dietary supplement with anti-inflammatory activity.
Minkyoung Kang,Bohyun Yun,Juyeon Lee,Jiseon Yoo,Sangnam Oh 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Osteoporosis is a chronic degenerative disorder characterized by bone mineral deficiency in aging population, mainly causing bone fracture and the incidence rate rapidly is increasing. Osteogenesis is important to regenerate bone formation accompanied with osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation into mature osteocytes. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles of endosomal origin, include microRNAs, proteins and lipids. These are widely found in almost all biological fluids such as blood, urine, and milk and reported as major players in intercellular communications. Here, we evaluated whether bovine colostrum-derived exosome (BCEs) affected MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. To investigate the effect of BCEs in MC3T3-E1 cells, cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red S staining, and expression analysis of osteoblastic genes were conducted. Treatment with BCEs increased the cell proliferation, mineralization, and marker genes for osteoblastic activity at the concentration range between 20 and 50 μg/mL. This study suggests that BCEs stimulated the osteogenic effect in vitro and supports our previous research in vivo.
Biogeochemical properties of sinking particles in the southwestern part of the East Sea (Japan Sea)
Kim, Minkyoung,Hwang, Jeomshik,Rho, TaeKeun,Lee, Tongsup,Kang, Dong-Jin,Chang, Kyung-Il,Noh, Suyun,Joo, HuiTae,Kwak, Jung Hyun,Kang, Chang-Keun,Kim, Kyung-Ryul Elsevier 2017 Journal of marine systems Vol.167 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the biological pump system in the East Sea (Japan Sea) by conducting an analysis of the total particle flux, biogenic material composition, and carbon isotope ratios of sinking particles. The samples were collected for one year starting from March 2011 using time-series sediment traps deployed at depths of 1040m and 2280m on bottom-tethered mooring at Station EC1 (37.33°N, 131.45°E; 2300m water depth) in the Ulleung Basin (UB), southwestern part of the East Sea. The temporal variation in the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux at 1000m shows a good relationship with the primary production in the corresponding surface water. The ratio of POC flux at 1000m to satellite-based primary production in the corresponding region in the UB was ~3%, which is comparable to the values of 2 to 5% estimated from previous studies of other part of the East Sea. The lithogenic material accounted for >17% of the sinking particles at 1000m and for a larger fraction of 40 to 60% at 2280m. The radiocarbon contents of the sinking POC at both trap depths imply the additional supply of aged POC, with a much greater contribution at 2280m. Overall, the particle flux in the deep interior of the East Sea appears to be controlled by the supply of complex sources, including aeolian input, the lateral supply of resuspended sediments, and biological production in the surface water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> POC flux variation at 1000m shows a good relationship with the primary production. </LI> <LI> The ratio of POC flux at 1000m to primary production was ~3% in the UB. </LI> <LI> The particle flux in the East Sea appears to be controlled by complex sources. </LI> </UL> </P>
강민경(Kang Minkyoung) 한국음악문화학회 2016 한국음악문화연구 Vol.9 No.-
종지(終止)는 “끝마쳐 그침. 또는 그치게 함.”을 뜻한다. 음악에 있어서는 대개 끝마치는 느낌을 주는 화성의 진행을 가르키며, “완전 종지, 불완전 종지, 변격 종지, 위종지, 반종지” 등으로 다양하게 나뉜다. 그러나 김영운이 일찍이 지적하였듯이, 음악에서 화성의 개념이 생기기 이전에도 선율이나 리듬을 이용하여 종지감을 주는 음악적 표현양식은 분명히 존재했을 것이다. 한국음악이 이와 같은 범주에 속하는 것은 화성악의 발생시점에 따른 선후관계와는 무관하고, 서양음악이 가지는 화성이라는 큰 특징이 한국음악과 그 결을 달리한다는 점에서 비롯되는 것이다. 다시 말해, 한국음악의 종지에 대한 연구는 화성을 바탕으로 한 서양음악과는 분명하게 대별되는 한국음악 고유의 특성을 알아볼 수 있는 중요한 연구소재라고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 한국음악의 종지는, 우리음악을 서양음악과 대조할 때 보이는 고유의 특성으로서 뿐만 아니라 음악적로도 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 선율, 악곡, 가사, 장단 등의 다양한 음악적 요소를 분석하는 단위의 설정이 종지라는 개념과 밀접하게 맞닿아 있기 때문이다. 한국음악의 연구 특히 그 음악적 분석에 있어서 종지는 자주 거론되는 내용이지만 음악 분석 내용의 하위 범주로서 다루어져왔다. 따라서 이렇게 흩어져있는 연구결과들을 취합하여 들여다봄으로써, 한국음악의 종지란 연구자들에 의해 어떻게 규명되어왔으며 나아가 어떠한 형태로 한국음악 내의 다양한 장르를 꿰뚫고 있는지가 필자의 주요한 관심이다. 본고에서는 한국음악의 종지에 대해 포괄적으로 서술한 글을 먼저 살펴보았다. 또한 고려가요의 종지에 대해 연구한 성과들을 연구대상으로 하여 검토해보았다. 그 결과 한국음악의 종지 연구에 있어서 가장 보완되어야할 부분은 종지형의 범위 설정과 용어의 명확성이라고 할 수 있다. 이 두 가지는 상호배타적인 종지유형을 설정하는데 주요한 영향을 행사하기 때문이다. 또한 음악의 종지와 음악의 장르가 갖는 관계에 대해서도 좀 더 활발한 논의가 필요하다. In music, Cadence means harmony which gives feeling of end. However this definition is valid only in Western music as Korean traditional music is not based on harmonics. In other words, the cadence in Korean traditional music disproves its own intrinsic value compared to the candece in Western music. This paper carries out a comparitive study on existing researches on cadences in Korean traditional music focusing on Koryo song melodies which can give several clues as literature as well. Some of the studies are generally introducing the cadences of Korean traditional music and the others are focusing on Koryo song melodies concentrating on the cadences of melodic and word phrases connecting to rhythmic patterns. As a result, it shows that there needs more elaborate nomenclature which can also have an effect on setting mutually exclusive types of cadences. In addition it is crucial to clarify the method in order to dissemble and research the melodies since the way it is pharsed does influence on the result of a research.
Kim, Minkyoung,Gajulapati, Kondaji,Kim, Chorong,Jung, Hwa Young,Goo, Jail,Lee, Kyeong,Kaur, Navneet,Kang, Hyo Jin,Chung, Sang J.,Choi, Yongseok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.93
<P>A variety of diazepinone derivatives were prepared from α-amino acids and amino alcohols by a new synthetic methodology based on ring closing metathesis as a key step. The diazepinones were coupled with ribose derivatives to afford novel diazepinone nucleosides. Among them, (4<I>R</I>)-1-ribosyl-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1<I>H</I>-1,3-diazepin-2(7<I>H</I>)-one (<B>3</B>) showed a potent inhibitory effect (<I>K</I><SUB>i</SUB> = 145.97 ± 4.87 nM) against human cytidine deaminase.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Novel diazepinones were prepared from the corresponding α-amino alcohols. The diazepinones were coupled with a ribose to afford novel diazepinone nucleosides <B>2</B> and <B>3</B> with potent inhibition against hCDA. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc35484e'> </P>