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Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 Contaminated Maize Using Human CYP3A4
( Marie Yamada ),( Koji Hatsuta ),( Mayuko Niikawa ),( Hiromasa Imaishi ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). AFB1 is reported to have high thermal stability and is not decomposed by heat treatment during food processing. Therefore, in this study, knowing that AFB1 is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP), our aim was to develop a method to detoxify A. flavus-contaminated maize, under normal temperature and pressure, using Escherichia coli expressing human CYP3A4. First, the metabolic activity of AFB1 by recombinant human CYP3A4 was evaluated. As a result, we confirmed that recombinant human CYP3A4 metabolizes 98% of AFB1. Next, we found that aflatoxin Q1, a metabolite of AFB1 was no longer mutagenic. Furthermore, we revealed that about 50% of the AFB1 metabolic activity can be maintained for 3 months when E. coli expressing human CYP3A4 is freeze-dried in the presence of trehalose. Finally, we found that 80% of AFB1 in A. flavus-contaminated maize was metabolized by E. coli expressing human CYP3A4 in the presence of surfactant triton X-405 at a final concentration of 10% (v/v). From these results, we conclude that AFB1 in A. flavus-contaminated maize can be detoxified under normal temperature and pressure by using E. coli expressing human CYP3A4.
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Effects of Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro on Nondipper Patients: A Preliminary Study
Mari Takahashi Kurosawa,Yasunori Nakamura,Naoyuki Yamamoto,Kazuhisa Yamada,Toshiro Iketani 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.5
Much clinical evidence on the antihypertensive effects of the milk-derived antihypertensive peptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro (lactotripeptides) has been reported. However, circadian rhythm effects determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to eliminate the confounding influence of the white-coat effect have not been fully studied. Twelve hypertensive patients not receiving antihypertensive medication (2 men, 10 women; mean age±standard deviation, 63.5±8.3 years) who had been visiting our clinic for more than 1 year participated in this study. Mean (±standard deviation) systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 142.4±2.6 and 83.5±6.4 mm Hg, respectively, at the first office visit. After patients ingested a fermented milk product containing antihypertensive peptides (2.53 mg Val-Pro-Pro; 1.52 mg Ile-Pro-Pro) for more than 4 weeks, both office SBP and DBP were significantly reduced to a mean (±standard deviation) of 133.3±7.0 mm Hg and 76.5±8.4 mm Hg (P<.001 and P<.005 by paired t-test), respectively. The 24-hour SBP and DBP determined by ABPM were reduced from 127.3±2.4 and 78.7±2.3 mm Hg to 120.2±2.4 and 75.0±2.2 mm Hg (P<.001 and P<.05), respectively. Awake-time SBP (08:00–21:00), night-time SBP (0:00–05:00), and early-morning SBP (06:00–07:00) were reduced from 130.9±2.4 to 123.3±2.3 mm Hg, 118.7±2.9 to 113.2±3.4 mm Hg, and 132.8±4.3 to 122.4±3.9 mm Hg (by paired t-test: P<.001, P<.05, and P<.05), respectively. As seen with DBP measured by ABPM, 24-hour DBP and awake-time DBP were significantly reduced from 78.7±2.3 to 75.0±2.2 mm Hg and 82.1±2.5 to 77.3±2.2 mm Hg (P<.05 and P<.01), respectively. Office BP and 24-hour blood pressure did not significantly differ between the dipper and nondipper groups at baseline. However, after treatment, night-time and early-morning blood pressure were significantly reduced from baseline in the nondipper group (−8.5±2.5 and −15.6±3.7 mm Hg; P<.05 and P<.01, respectively) but not in the dipper group (−2.5±3.6 and −1.2±4.7 mm Hg; P not significant), and the reduction in early-morning blood pressure significantly differed between the groups (P<.05). These results suggest that Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro decrease blood pressure in patients with stage I hypertension and result not only in lower blood pressure at night-time but also in lower early-morning SBP in nondipper patients.
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Min Ah Kim,Ann Marie Yamada,Eric Rice,Karen Kyeung hae Lee 연세대학교 사회복지연구소 2016 한국사회복지조사연구 Vol.49 No.-
미국에 거주하는 한국인들은 다양한 스트레스를 경험하게 된다. 이들에게 종교기관(religious organizations)에서 제공하는 비공식적인 지지 네트워크(support network)는 중요한 자원으로 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 미국에 거주하는 한국 유학생과 이민자 131명을 대상으로 한국 기독교 기관에서 이루어지는 정서적 지지와 정보적 지지의 교환이 긍정적, 부정적 사회적 상호작용(social interactions)에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 위계적 다중회귀 분석방법을 이용하여 다음의 4가지 가설-(1) 정서적 지지 수혜와 긍정적 상호작용; (2) 정보적 지지 수혜와 긍정적 상호작용; (3)정서적 지지 제공과 부정적 상호작용; (4) 정보적 지지 제공과 부정적 상호작용 간의 관계-을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 사회적 지지의 교환이 사회적 상호작용에 미치는 영향은 사회적 지지의 종류(정서적 지지와 정보적 지지)에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 정서적 지지의 수혜와 긍정적 상호작용은 정적인 선형관계를 나타낸 반면, 정보적 지지 수혜와 긍정적 상호작용은 비선형 관계를 나타냈다. 정서적 지지 제공과 부정적 상호작용은 정적인 선형관계를 나타낸 반면, 정보적 지지 제공은 부정적 상호작용과 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한국인 기독교 기관(Korean Christian organizations)에서 이루어지는 사회적 지지는 구성원들에게 긍정적인 혜택을 제공하기도 하고 부정적인 스트레스를 가져오기도 한다. 이러한 관계에 대한 이해는 한국인 유학생과 이민자들의 심리사회적인 어려움을 해결하기 위한 사회복지 실천적 함의를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. The study of informal support networks in religious organizations is important because these organizations are a supplemental or alternate sources of assistance for Koreans living in the United States. This study examined the exchange of emotional and informational support as related to the quality of social interactions of 131 Korean heritage students attending university-affiliated Korean Christian organizations in the United States. Four hypothesized relationships—(1) receiving emotional support and positive interactions; (2) receiving informational support and positive interactions; (3) providing emotional support and negative interactions and (4) providing informational support and negative interactions —were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Study results indicate that the association between support exchange and social interactions varied according to the type of support in which Korean students engaged in Korean Christian organizations. The results showed a positive linear relationship between receiving emotional support and positive interactions, whereas there was a curvilinear relationship between receiving informational support and positive interactions. Providing emotional support had a positive linear relationship with negative interactions, whereas providing informational support showed no significant linear relationships with negative interactions. Greater understanding of the potential benefits and stressors associated with social support in Korean Christian organizations may lead to more informed social work practice addressing the needs of high-risk cohorts of both Korean international and Korean American students.
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