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Stage-Wise Identification and Analysis of miRNA from Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>
Subramanian, Parthiban,Choi, In-Chan,Mani, Vimalraj,Park, Junhyung,Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy,Choi, Kang-Hyun,Sim, Joon-Soo,Lee, Chang-Muk,Koo, Ja Choon,Hahn, Bum-Soo MDPI AG 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.10
<P>In this study, we investigated global changes in miRNAs of <I>Meloidogyne incognita</I> throughout its life cycle. Small RNA sequencing resulted in approximately 62, 38, 38, 35, and 39 Mb reads in the egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages, respectively. Overall, we identified 2724 known and 383 novel miRNAs (read count > 10) from all stages, of which 169 known and 13 novel miRNA were common to all the five stages. Among the stage-specific miRNAs, miR-286 was highly expressed in eggs, miR-2401 in J2, miR-8 and miR-187 in J3, miR-6736 in J4, and miR-17 in the female stages. These miRNAs are reported to be involved in embryo and neural development, muscular function, and control of apoptosis. Cluster analysis indicated the presence of 91 miRNA clusters, of which 36 clusters were novel and identified in this study. Comparison of miRNA families with other nematodes showed 17 families to be commonly absent in animal parasitic nematodes and <I>M. incognita</I>. Validation of 43 predicted common and stage-specific miRNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated their expression in the nematode. Stage-wise exploration of <I>M. incognita</I> miRNAs has not been carried out before and this work presents information on common and stage-specific miRNAs of the root-knot nematode.</P>
Subramanian, Parthiban,Oh, Byung-Ju,Mani, Vimalraj,Lee, Jae Kook,Lee, Chang-Muk,Sim, Joon-Soo,Koo, Ja Choon,Hahn, Bum-Soo MDPI AG 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.7
<P><I>Meloidogyne incognita</I> is a common root-knot nematode with a wide range of plant hosts. We aimed to study the metabolites produced at each stage of the nematode life cycle to understand its development. Metabolites of <I>Meloidogyne incognita</I> were extracted at egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages and 110 metabolites with available standards were quantified using CE-TOF/MS. Analyses indicated abundance of stage-specific metabolites with the exception of J3 and J4 stages which shared similar metabolic profiles. The egg stage showed increased abundance in glycolysis and energy metabolism related metabolites while the J2 metabolites are associated with tissue formation, motility, and neurotransmission. The J3 and J4 stages indicated amino acid metabolism and urea cycle- related metabolites. The female stage was characterized with polyamine synthesis, antioxidant activity, and synthesis of reproduction related metabolites. Such metabolic profiling helps us understand the dynamic physiological changes related to each developmental stage of the root-knot nematode life cycle.</P>
SUBRAMANIAN KAILASAVALLI,SELVARAJ SUGANYA,MANI MALLIKA ARJUNAN 한국산업응용수학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.20 No.1
In view of ideas for semigroups, fractional calculus, resolvent operator and Banach contraction principle, this manuscript is generally included with existence and controllability (EaC) results for fractional neutral integro-differential systems (FNIDS) with statedependent delay (SDD) in Banach spaces. Finally, an examples are also provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Jeong, Hui-Yun,Balamurugan, Mani,Choutipalli, Venkata Surya Kumar,Jeong, Eun-suk,Subramanian, Venkatesan,Sim, Uk,Nam, Ki Tae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.17
<P>The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added products is a promising approach to reduce excess CO2 in the atmosphere. However, the selective reduction of CO2 in aqueous electrolytes has been challenging owing to a competing hydrogen evolution reaction occurring in aqueous electrolytes. In this study, single atom nickel and nitrogen doped three-dimensional porous carbon catalysts are developed for the selective production of carbon monoxide (CO) from CO2. The catalysts exhibit high CO selectivity with over 99% faradaic efficiency at −0.8 V <I>vs.</I> the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and achieve a high current density of over 50 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at −1.0 V <I>vs.</I> RHE in a bicarbonate electrolyte. To further improve the CO2 reduction rate, the accessibility of CO2 to the catalysts was enhanced by directly supplying gaseous CO2 to the surface of the catalysts. The catalysts were deposited between a gas diffusion layer and an ion exchange membrane to form a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Benefiting from the high concentration of CO2 over the catalyst surfaces and the three-dimensional structure of the catalysts, a high CO production rate exceeding 300 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> with 99% faradaic efficiency can be achieved.</P>
Kang-Hyun Choi,Parthiban Subramanian,Vimalraj Mani,Joon-Soo Sim,Chang-Muk Lee,Bum-Soo Hahn 한국당과학회 2016 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.07
Several novel approaches are underway for control of plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. This study was aimed to compare metabolome profiles of the nematode at all its developmental stages. Metabolome analysis was performed in 5 stages (egg, J2, J3, J4 and female) and peaks detected in CE-TOFMS. Among 209 putative metabolites detected (61 anionic mode and 148 cationic mode), 110 metabolites (56 anioic and 54 cationic modes) with available standards were quantified. Principal component analysis showed that the metabolites from stages female and J2; J3 and J4 stages grouped into clusters and metabolites of egg formed a unique cluster. Quantitative analysis indicated amino acids to be the dominant group of metabolites. Further, highly expressed metabolites included osmolytes proline, betaine, hydroxyproline; antioxidant molecules putrescine and glutathione; sensory regulators gama amino benzoic acid (GABA) and β alanine; organic acids lactic and malic acids, molecules in RNA synthesis GMP, AMP and inosine. In general, concentrations of most of these metabolites were low in J3 and J4 stages compared to egg, J2 and female which may be due to the sedentary nature of the nematode in those two stages. Proline was highly expressed in egg stage, muscle tone regulator GABA abundant in J2, whereas J3 and J4 stages possessed high concentrations of alanine and female was enriched with polyamine putrescine and amino acids.
( Brunetto ),( Carla Coffin ),( Audrey Lau ),( Shuyuan Mo ),( John F. Flaherty ),( Anuj Gaggar ),( G Mani Subramanian ),( Mindie H. Nguyen ),( Selim Gurel ),( Alexander Thompson ),( Edward J. Gane ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Suppression of the HBV in women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) has important implications in preventing transmission of HBV from mother to infant. Antiviral therapy that reduces HBV DNA to < 2x105 IU/mL at delivery in mothers can substantially reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. We evaluated the viral kinetics of TAF and TDF in WOCBP. Methods: : In two Phase 3 studies (HBeAg positive and negative patients), 1301 patients (37% female) were randomized (2:1) to receive TAF 25 mg QD or TDF 300 mg QD. All patients were required to have HBV DNA >2x104 IU/mL at screening and serum ALT >2 times AASLD criteria.WOCBP were defined as nonmenopausal females 18 years or older without history of hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or ovarian failure. For this subanalysis, patients were stratified by baseline HBV DNA levelsand the endpoints were virologic suppression to HBV DNA <29 IU/mL or < 2x105 IU/mL. Results: 365(76%) female were identified as WOCBP with 118 (32%) having HBV DNA >1x108 IU/mL at baseline. Suppression rates were generally similar between TAF and TDF groups and within viral load strata for HBeAg positive and negative patients. After 12 weeks of treatment with TAF or TDF, 77% of WOCBP with baseline HBV DNA <2x105 IU/mL had full suppression to <29 IU/mL compared to 1% of those at the highest baseline viral load (Figure A). By Week 24, 54% of all WOCBP had achieved complete viral suppression. Of WOCBP with baseline viral load ≥2x105 IU/mL (n=305), 76%, 89%, and 93% achieved viral load reduction to <2x105 IU/mL by Weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively (Figure B). Conclusions: After 12 weeks of treatment the majority of WOCBP had HBV DNA to <2x105 IU/mL. In women with higher baseline viral loads, longer treatment duration may be necessary to achieve viral suppression below recommended thresholds.
( Eric Lawitz ),( Michael Manns ),( Marc Bourliere ),( Sooji Lee ),( Nelson Cheinquer ),( Luisa Stamm ),( Robert H. Hyland ),( Liyun Ni ),( Hadas Dvory-sobol ),( Diana Brainard ),( Mani Subramanian ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: The pangenotypic fixed-dose combination (FDC) of sofosbuvir (SOF), a HCV NS5B inhibitor, velpatasvir (VEL), a HCV NS5A inhibitor, and voxilaprevir (VOX), a HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor, is an salvage regimen for direct acting antiviral (DAA)-experienced patients based on the safety and efficacy demonstrated in Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials in this population. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from 454 NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients treated with SOF/VEL FDC+VOX or SOF/VEL/VOX FDC in the Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. Efficacy was assessed by SVR12 and relapse rates. Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities. Results: Of 454 NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients treated, 77% were male, 41% had compensated cirrhosis, 86% had NS5A and NS3 baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RASs), 74% had genotype 1 HCV infection. Most patients (53%) had previously been exposed to NS5A inhibitor+NS5B inhibitor, with 39% exposed to NS5A inhibitor+NS3/4A protease inhibitor±NS5B inhibitor and 8% exposed to NS5A inhibitor±another DAA. Overall, the SVR12 rate was 97% with a relapse rate of 2%. The SVR12 rate in patients with compensated cirrhosis was 95% and in patients with baseline RASs was 97%. The SVR12 rates by prior regimen were: NS5A inhibitor+NS5B inhibitor 95%; NS5A inhibitor+NS3/4A protease inhibitor±NS5B inhibitor 99%; and NS5A inhibitor±another DAA 100%. Treatment-emergent RASs were uncommon, present in 3 of 10 patients who relapsed. Only 1 patient (0.2%) discontinued treatment due to an AE. No serious adverse events attributed to study medication were reported. Conclusions: Results in over 450 NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients enrolled in Phase 2 or Phase 3 trials demonstrate that the 3-DAA combination of SOF, VEL and VOX for 12 weeks is a safe, well tolerated and effective treatment for patients who previously failed an NS5A inhibitor-containing regimen, irrespective of the other drugs in the prior treatment.
( Young Suk Lim ),( Henry L. Chan ),( Scott Fung ),( Wai Kay Seto ),( Ed Gane ),( John F. Flaherty ),( Vithika Suri ),( Lanjia Lin ),( Anuj Gaggar ),( G Mani Subramanian ),( Wan Long Chuang ),( Kosh A 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: TAF has shown less bone and renal effects with similar efficacy rates compared to TDF in two Phase 3 studies after 48 weeks treatment. Here, we evaluate patients completed 96 weeks of double blind(DB) treatment with TAF or TDF and have switched to open label(OL) treatment with TAF to determine changes in bone mineral density(BMD), creatinine clearance(CrCl), and the maintenance of viral suppression. Methods: Immune active CHB patients who were HBeAg negative (Study 0108; N=425) or HBeAg positive (Study 0110; N=873) were randomized to and treated with TAF 25 mg QD or TDF 300 mg QD. A subset of patients (N=200 in Study 0108 and N=340 in Study 0110) in these ongoing 8 year studies had completed 96 weeks of DB treatment with TAF or TDF and switched to OLTAF at Week 96 analysis. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were evaluated every 24 weeks as were serial assessments of CrCl and viral suppression. Results: CrCl improved significantly in patients switched from DB TDF to OL TAF at Week 120 compared to Week 96 (N=117, mean (SD) change=+2.43 (12.81) ml/min, p=0.04); and remained stable in those previously receiving TAF (Figure A). BMD also showed improvement at Week 120 from Week 96 among patients switched from DB TDF to OL TAF (hip: N=58, mean (SD) % change=+0.71% (1.43), p=0.0004; spine: N=60, mean (SD) % change=+1.41% (2.30), p<.0001). BMD changes in hip and spine for DB TAF patients entering the OL TAF period were relatively stable (Figure B). Compared to results at Week 96, high rates of virologic control were maintained across subjects in both studies during the OL period. Conclusions: Patients who switched from TDF to TAF treatment demonstrated rapid improvements in BMD and CrCl within the first 24 weeks of treatment, and virologic control was maintained.