Pulmonary Functions and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Post-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sequelae

( Kumar Shanmugasundaram ),( Anjana Talwar ),( Karan Madan ),( Geetanjali Bade ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2022 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.85 No.2

Background: Post-tuberculosis (TB) sequelae is a commonly encountered clinical entity, especially in high TB burden countries. This may represent chronic anatomic sequelae of previously treated TB, with frequent symptomatic presentation. This pilot study was aimed to investigate the pulmonary functions and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with post-TB sequelae (PTBS) and to compare them with post-TB without sequelae (PTBWS) participants and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled, PTBS (n=10), PTBWS (n=10), and healthy controls (n=10). Pulmonary function tests included spirometry and measurement of airway impedance by impulse oscillometry. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ were estimated. Results: Slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to controls. SVC and FEV₁ were significantly less in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Total airway impedance (Z₅), total airway resistance (R₅), central airway resistance (R₂₀), area of reactance (Ax), and resonant frequency (Fres) were significantly higher and respiratory reactance at 5 and 20 Hz (X₅, X₂₀) were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Spirometry parameters correlated with impulse oscillometry parameters in PTBS. Serum MMP-1 level was significantly higher in PTBS as compared to other groups. Conclusion: Significant pulmonary function impairment was observed in PTBS, and raised serum MMP-1 levels compared with PTBWS and healthy controls. Follow-up pulmonary function testing is recommended after treatment of TB for early diagnosis and treatment of PTBS.

Green Electroluminescence from Charged Phenothiazine Derivative

Shanmugasundaram, Kanagaraj,Subeesh, Madayanad Suresh,Sunesh, Chozhidakath Damodharan,Chitumalla, Ramesh Kumar,Jang, Joonkyung,Choe, Youngson American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.120 No.36

<P>A novel charged green-emitting organic small molecule, PPP, was synthesized and characterized by thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence investigations. The theoretical properties of PPP were confirmed by means of computational studies. PPP exhibits a good thermal decomposition temperature of 355 degrees C. The compound PPP shows positive solvatochromism upon increasing the solvent polarity due to the more polarized excited state arising from the intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state. Solid-state emission of PPP was slightly red shifted compared to that of its solution emission spectrum, showing the reduced intermolecular interaction in the solid state. Solution-processed LEC devices were fabricated using PPP as a neat light-emitting layer. The fabricated single-component light-emitting electrochemical cell devices exhibited green electroluminescence centered at 530 nm with the CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.58). Electroluminescent devices operated at very low turn-on voltages reveal a maximum luminance of 499 cd/m(2). These promising results are highly desirable for the development of low-cost lighting devices.</P>

Phenothiazine derivatives as an easily accessible emitter for green light-emitting electrochemical cells

Jongseong, Kim,Shanmugasundaram, Kanagaraj,Chitumalla, Ramesh Kumar,Jang, Joonkyung,Choe, Youngson Elsevier 2018 Journal of luminescence Vol.197 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A new phenothiazine derivatives of an ionic small molecules were synthesized and its photo- and electrochemical properties were evaluated. The compounds NPzN and PPzP exhibits good thermal stabilities and shows positive solvatochromism upon increasing the polarity of the solvents. The single-component electroluminescence devices were fabricated from solution by incorporating both the emitters. Light-emitting electrochemical cell devices exhibited green color electroluminescence for both the compounds with the CIE coordinates of (0.28, 0.43) and (0.32, 0.41). These results indicate that phenothiazine derivatives have a promising prospect in the application of solution processed green LECs.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Light-emitting electrochemical cells based phenothiazine derivatives were fabricated. Devices exhibited green electroluminescence.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Host–Dopant System To Generate Bright Electroluminescence from Small Organic Molecule Functionalized Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Subeesh, Madayanad Suresh,Shanmugasundaram, Kanagaraj,Sunesh, Chozhidakath Damodharan,Chitumalla, Ramesh Kumar,Jang, Joonkyung,Choe, Youngson American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.120 No.22

<P>Albeit their easy accessibility and low cost, small organic molecules are not known for their high electroluminescence in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). To construct a bright low-cost LEC device, the functions of charge transport and charge recombination should be separated in the active layer of LEC devices. Herein, we demonstrate that the widely used host-dopant strategy in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can significantly improve the electroluminescence from small organic molecule fueled LEC devices, provided the host molecules are carefully selected. Furthermore, performance of host-dopant small-molecule LEC devices hugely relies on the properties of host materials rather than the emitting luminophores. Conversely to the high performance of intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) molecular systems in OLEDs, doped ICT fluorophores having a low-lying charge-transfer state can behave like exciton loss channels in the high ionic environment of LEC-active layers. Similar to the behavior of previously reported ICT molecules in polar solvents, our synthesized D-pi-A-pi-D phenanthroimidazole derivative exhibited fluorescence quenching and a huge blue shift of emission in the doped thin film of the ionic host. However, even with a less efficient emitter, high electroluminescence was achieved from a host-dopant LEC system. Our best device exhibited a maximum brightness of 5016 cd/m(2) at a current efficiency of 0.73 cd/A. This device outplays our previously reported nondoped LEC (ihpypn-LEC) with a 7-fold increase in the maximum brightness and over a 3-fold increase in the current efficiency at peak brightness. To the best of our knowledge, these peak brightness values recorded here (device 2) are the best among those reported by small organic molecule LEC devices so far. This report reveals the potential of small organic molecules, especially phenanthroimidazole derivatives, in casting bright and efficient low-cost host-dopant LECs with minimum effort and appreciable sustainability.</P>

Pulmonary Functions and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Post-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sequelae

Bade Geetanjali,Talwar Anjana,Madan Karan,Kumar Shanmugasundaram 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2022 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.85 No.2

Background: Post-tuberculosis (TB) sequelae is a commonly encountered clinical entity, especially in high TB burden countries. This may represent chronic anatomic sequelae of previously treated TB, with frequent symptomatic presentation. This pilot study was aimed to investigate the pulmonary functions and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with post-TB sequelae (PTBS) and to compare them with post-TB without sequelae (PTBWS) participants and healthy controls.Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled, PTBS (n=10), PTBWS (n=10), and healthy controls (n=10). Pulmonary function tests included spirometry and measurement of airway impedance by impulse oscillometry. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ were estimated.Results: Slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to controls. SVC and FEV1 were significantly less in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Total airway impedance (Z5), total airway resistance (R5), central airway resistance (R20), area of reactance (Ax), and resonant frequency (Fres) were significantly higher and respiratory reactance at 5 and 20 Hz (X5, X20) were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Spirometry parameters correlated with impulse oscillometry parameters in PTBS. Serum MMP-1 level was significantly higher in PTBS as compared to other groups.Conclusion: Significant pulmonary function impairment was observed in PTBS, and raised serum MMP-1 levels compared with PTBWS and healthy controls. Follow-up pulmonary function testing is recommended after treatment of TB for early diagnosis and treatment of PTBS.