http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Junya Yano ),( Tatsuki Aoki ),( Kazuo Nakamura ),( Kazuo Yamada ),( Shin-ichi Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Hydrogenated biodiesel (HBD) is envisaged as a new type of diesel. Some byproducts of the HBD production process could also replace fossil fuels; therefore, increasing these substitution amounts could contribute to reducing the burden on the environment. The purpose of this study was to clarify the reduction of the environmental burden brought about by combining the HBD production from waste cooking oil with the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted, in which a combined functional unit was established, which included “the treatment of the household waste and the waste cooking oil annually generated in Kyoto city” and “running a diesel vehicle for household waste collection.” The base scenario was that all household waste and waste cooking oil were incinerated. The results indicated that compared with the base scenario, utilizing the combined HBD production system and the AD of food waste could bring about a reduction of 41.8% in the integrated environmental effects (global warming, fossil fuel consumption, acidification, and urban air pollution). The reduction of greenhouse gases compared with the base scenario was 18,100 t-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr. Substitutions with the byproducts of the HBD production process could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1,070 t-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr.
Consumption and disposal behaviors of primary and secondary batteries from households
( Junya Yano ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-
Batteries are one of the indispensable products in our society. Among 4.4 billion of batteries sold in Japan as of 2019, secondary ((rechargeable) battery battery accounted for 64%. In recent years, it was reported that ignition and fire accidents caused by lithium-ion batteries during waste collection, intermediate treatment, and waste treatment processes has been increased. Considering countermeasures, understanding investigate actual consumption, usage, and disposal behaviors by the consumers is important. Therefore, an internet questionnaire survey (valid respondents: 3,973) was conducted to clarify the actual status of primary (disposable) and secondary battery from households. This survey was used to estimate the inflow, stock, and discharge of small household batteries, as well as to clarify behaviors and attitudes related to the purchase and discharge of primary and secondary batteries. As results, it was found that the highest response rate for both reasons for purchasing and not purchasing secondary battery was for economic aspects (long-term economic benefits and high initial cost), indicating the importance of recognizing correct information on economic efficiency. Number of batteries annually purchased and disposed from households were estimated to be 5.96 and 4.67 per capita, respectively. As domestic stocks, number of batteries unused, in used, and stocked after usage, were estimated to be 4.96, 5.11, and 2.01 per capita, respectively. Among the batteries disposed, secondary battery accounted for 7.2%. However, secondary batteries accounted for 22% of batteries in use. The proportion of secondar batteries disposed will likely increase in the future. It was also found that only 57% and 44% of respondents in Kyoto city disposed primary and secondary batteries properly in accordance with the guidance by the municipality. Therefore, further dissemination of correct sorting methods is needed.
Generation and Rare Earth Element Recovery Potentials from End-of-life Vehicles
( Guochang Xu ),( Junya Yano ),( Nagayuki Watanabe ),( Shin-ichi Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Recently, increased attention has been placed on the recovery of critical metals, especially rare earth elements (REE), in the anthroposphere. End-of-life vehicles (ELV) are one of the most important targets for this goal, because not only is the average REE content in automobiles increasing, but also the number of ELVs is substantial at the national level. The purpose of this study is to quantify the recovery potential of REEs from ELVs. The number of ELVs during the fiscal years (FY) 2015-2030 was first estimated. Secondly, REEs contained in common components were measured. As results, the number of EoL CPVs was estimated to decrease from 3.2 million to 2.5-3.0 million during FY2010-2030 while the number of EoL HEVs was estimated to increase from 10 thousand to 0.47-0.59 million. Chemical analysis showed, for vehicle common components, that the air conditioning compressor and the EPS contained the most of REEs, which were 25-111 g and 30 g, respectively. On the other hand, the RREs content in HEVs specific components were much higher than vehicle common components. Finally, the models for estimating total recovery potential of ELVs, including conventional passenger vehicles (CPV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), were developed.
( Guochang Xu ),( Junya Yano ),( Shin-ichi Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
Recycling of some minor but essential scarce metals used in vehicles may serve as an important strategy to strengthen sustainable management of natural resources. Accordingly, this study focuses on five precious metals (PMs): Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, and Rh, in parts of both end-of-life conventional and next-generation vehicles. To explore their recycling potentials (i.e. the amount of an embodied element that could be returned to material streams where its properties are utilized again functionally) in Japan, we developed substance flow and scenario analyses based on estimations of PM contents per end-of-life vehicle (ELV) and ELV generations. In total, six vehicle samples including hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle were considered, and we built five scenarios. The study predicts that in Japan, from 2015 to 2040, the content of PMs per ELV will range from 2 to 6 g, and the annual amount of PMs in ELVs will remain largely stable, at 14-15 t. It also estimates that, in Japan, totals of 33-53% (5-8 t) of PMs in ELVs were recycled in 2015, and that by selective dismantling (i.e. the dismantling process selectively focused on certain special items and providing intensive dismantling operations on them) of printed wire boards (PWBs) and heating wires in the rear windows of ELVs, the recycling potentials of PMs could be optimally increased to a maximum of 62-83% (9-11 t) by 2040. The range of PM contents is caused by vehicle type, while the range of recycling potentials mainly comes from vehicle number and scenario setting. The results of sensitivity analysis show that factors of emerging of some new parts containing PMs in nextgeneration vehicles might lead to certain unclear underestimation. Additionally, it was reported that about two-thirds of Pd in PWBs (mainly containing low-performance capacitors) in the market could be substituted by the more economical Ni since 2003. Consequently, the factor of substitution of PMs by other elements could reduce the recycling potential of platinum group metals by 13% in 2040. To future study, it is necessary to pay more attentions on monitoring the possible substitution of PMs or other scarce metals in vehicles and examining the adoption of new next-generation vehicle parts containing these scarce metals, owing to the underway evolution of the automotive industry.
Satoru Taguchi,Mohammed E. Choudhury,Kanta Mikami,Ryo Utsunomiya,Hajime Yano,Junya Tanaka 대한재활의학회 2022 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.46 No.6
Objective To determine the appropriate time points to start regular exercise which could reduce age-related anxiety and impaired social behavior.Methods For this study, 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: no exercise (NoEX), short-term exercise (S-Ex), and long-term exercise (L-Ex) groups. S-Ex-group rats started treadmill exercise at 12 months of age, while L-Ex rats started from at 2 months of age. Exercise rats were forced to walk on the treadmill three times per week, with 1- to 2-day intervals for 10 minutes during the first 2 weeks, at 10 m/min until 17 months of age, and at 8 m/min thereafter. At 19 months of age, behavioral tests were performed to assess the effects of exercise on age-induced behavioral change as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction were done to uncover the mechanism behind the behavioral changes.Results Anxiety-like behavior was improved by long-term exercise. Additionally, rats belonging to the S-Ex and L-Ex groups showed improved social behavior and increased curiosity about interesting objects. The qPCR data showed that treadmill exercise suppressed the expression of immediate-early genes in the prefrontal cortex of the aged rats.Conclusion This study suggests that long-term exercise represses early response genes, and in this way, it increases resistance to stress, diminishes anxiety-related behavior, and improves social behavior. These findings underscore the need to consider appropriate time to start exercise to prevent stress induced anxiety related behavior.