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Single-molecule visualization of ROS-induced DNA damage in large DNA molecules
Lee, Jinyong,Kim, Yongkyun,Lim, Sangyong,Jo, Kyubong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 The Analyst Vol.141 No.3
<P>We present a single molecule visualization approach for the quantitative analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage, such as base oxidation and single stranded breaks in large DNA molecules. We utilized the Fenton reaction to generate DNA damage with subsequent enzymatic treatment using a mixture of three types of glycosylases to remove oxidized bases, and then fluorescent labeling on damaged lesions via nick translation. This single molecule analytical platform provided the capability to count one or two damaged sites per. DNA molecule (48.5 kb), which were reliably dependent on the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion at the micromolar level. More importantly, the labeled damaged sites that were visualized under a microscope provided positional information, which offered the capability of comparing DNA damaged sites with the in silico genomic map to reveal sequence specificity that GTGR is more sensitive to oxidative damage. Consequently, single DNA molecule analysis provides a sensitive analytical platform for ROS-induced DNA damage and suggests an interesting biochemical insight that the genome primarily active during the lysogenic cycle may have less probability for oxidative DNA damage.</P>
Improved tensile strength of carbon nanotube-grafted carbon fiber reinforced composites
Lee, Geunsung,Sung, Minchang,Youk, Ji Ho,Lee, Jinyong,Yu, Woong-Ryeol Elsevier 2019 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.220 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Increased tensile strength of carbon nanotube (CNT)-grafted carbon fiber (CF) composites has been reported, but the mechanism of this increase is not yet clear. In this study, CNT-grafted CF unidirectional (UD) and woven composites were fabricated using a low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and resin transfer molding. Two types of CNTs (short and thin, long and thick) were successfully grown and grafted to CFs without degrading the CFs in the preforms. The CNT-grafted CFs exhibited increased interfacial shear strength (IFSS) similarly regardless of the CNT type. Interestingly, however, long and thick CNT-grafted CF UD and woven composites exhibited significant increases in tensile strength (about 20% and 30%), suggesting other mechanisms besides increased IFSS. The splitting crack initiation under the mixed mode condition was quantitatively characterized for the CNT-grafted CF UD composites, demonstrating that long and thick CNTs delayed the splitting crack initiation. Delayed fiber splitting and increased IFSS were concluded to be the main sources of increased tensile strength of CNT-grafted CF composites.</P>
Visualization of UV-induced damage on single DNA molecules
Lee, Jinyong,Park, Hyun Seung,Lim, Sangyong,Jo, Kyubong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Chemical communications Vol.49 No.42
<P>Ultraviolet radiation induced DNA damage such as double stranded breaks and single stranded breaks is visualized at the level of single DNA molecules. Molecular observations provide a map of DNA radiation-mediated breakages, revealing the sequence dependency of DNA damage rather than random occurrences.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>UV radiation induced DSBs and SSBs are visualized at the level of single DNA molecules. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cc38884k'> </P>
Antibacterial peptides on the human skin surface using a skin patch test chamber
( Jinyong Lee ),( Oh Sun Kwon ),( Yu Mi Shim ),( Sang Kyung Kim ),( Eui Taek Jung ) 한국피부장벽학회 2022 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) on the skin surface are related to the skin's innate immunity in preventing external infection. Skin rinsing and tape stripping (TS) are acceptable methods for analyzing AMPs on the skin surface, but has limitations such as skin damage. In this study, we propose a non-invasive method to measure AMPs on the skin surface with minimal skin damage. Using the patch test assay, we aimed to analyze the skin surface human beta defensins (hBDs) without damaging the skin barrier. The concentration of hBDs on the skin surface was analyzed using skin patch analysis, and the concentration of hBD-1 was compared with the TS method in this proof-of-concept study. In addition, changes in skin physiology and concentration of hBDs under the 1% sodium lauryl sulfate stimulation condition were monitored for 150 h. The correlation between the two methods had a Pearson's coefficient of 0.640, and skin patch analysis led to a relatively less impaired barrier. Age-specific comparisons suggested that higher skin surface hBD-1 concentrations were seen in the young group than in the elderly group. Skin surface expression of hBD-2 after skin barrier disruption was high in the young group. Our findings show that skin patch analysis is a convenient method to analyze hBDs on the skin surface, and that hBDs are factors of innate immunity and can be used as an index to predict decreases in the chemical immune response of the skin due to aging.
Efficient Security Monitoring with the Core Debug Interface in an Embedded Processor
Lee, Jinyong,Heo, Ingoo,Lee, Yongje,Paek, Yunheung Association for Computing Machinery 2016 Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Sy Vol.22 No.1
<P>For decades, various concepts in security monitoring have been proposed. In principle, they all in common in regard to the monitoring of the execution behavior of a program (e.g., control-flow or dataflow) running on the machine to find symptoms of attacks. Among the proposed monitoring schemes, software-based ones are known for their adaptability on the commercial products, but there have been concerns that they may suffer from nonnegligible runtime overhead. On the other hand, hardware-based solutions are recognized for their high performance. However, most of them have an inherent problem in that they usually mandate drastic changes to the internal processor architecture. More recent ones have strived to minimize such modifications by employing external hardware security monitors in the system. However, these approaches intrinsically suffer from the overhead caused by communication between the host and the external monitor. Our solution also relies on external hardware for security monitoring, but unlike the others, ours tackles the communication overhead by using the core debug interface (CDI), which is readily available in most commercial processors for debugging. We build our system simply by plugging our monitoring hardware into the processor via CDI, precluding the need for altering the processor internals. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we implement two well-known monitoring techniques on our proposed framework: dynamic information flow tracking and branch regulation. The experimental results on our FPGA prototype show that our external hardware monitors efficiently perform monitoring tasks with negligible performance overhead, mainly with thanks to the support of CDI, which helps us reduce communication costs substantially.</P>
PDMS Nanoslits without Roof Collapse
Jinyong Lee,Young-Keu Yun,Yoori Kim,조규봉 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.8
Soft lithography of polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS), an elastomeric polymer, has enabled rapid and inexpensive fabrications of microfluidic devices for various biochemical and bioanalytical applications. However, fabrications of nanostructured PDMS components such as nanoslits remain extremely challenging because of deformation of PDMS material. One of the well-known issues is the unwanted contact between the surfaces of PDMS roof and bottom substrate, called ‘roof collapse’. Here we have developed a novel approach for the facile stabilization of PDMS nanoslits in the low height (130 nm)/width (100 μm) ratio without roof-collapse. Within 130 nm high nanoslits, we demonstrate the confinement of single DNA molecules. We believe that this approach will serve as a key to utilize PDMS as nanoslits for integrated microfluidic devices.