Intracellular Mechanistic Understanding of 2D MoS₂ Nanosheets for Anti-Exocytosis-Enhanced Synergistic Cancer Therapy

Zhu, Xianbing,Ji, Xiaoyuan,Kong, Na,Chen, Yunhan,Mahmoudi, Morteza,Xu, Xiaoding,Ding, Li,Tao, Wei,Cai, Ting,Li, Yujing,Gan, Tian,Barrett, Austin,Bharwani, Zameer,Chen, Hongbo,Farokhzad, Omid C. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.3

<P>Emerging two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets (NSs), have shown tremendous potential for use in a wide variety of fields including cancer nanomedicine. The interaction of nanomaterials with biosystems is of critical importance for their safe and efficient application. However, a cellular-level understanding of the nano-bio interactions of these emerging 2D nanomaterials (<I>i</I>.<I>e</I>., intracellular mechanisms) remains elusive. Here we chose molybdenum disulfide (MoS<SUB>2</SUB>) NSs as representative 2D nanomaterials to gain a better understanding of their intracellular mechanisms of action in cancer cells, which play a significant role in both their fate and efficacy. MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs were found to be internalized through three pathways: clathrin → early endosomes → lysosomes, caveolae → early endosomes → lysosomes, and macropinocytosis → late endosomes → lysosomes. We also observed autophagy-mediated accumulation in the lysosomes and exocytosis-induced efflux of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs. Based on these findings, we developed a strategy to achieve effective and synergistic <I>in vivo</I> cancer therapy with MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs loaded with low doses of drug through inhibiting exocytosis pathway-induced loss. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic experimental report on the nano-bio interaction of 2D nanomaterials in cells and their application for anti-exocytosis-enhanced synergistic cancer therapy.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Reliability-based Optimization of Geotechnical Engineering using the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Hongbo Zhao,Ming Zhao,Changxing Zhu 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.5

The performance and safety of a geotechnical engineering system are affected by uncertainties. The purpose of Reliability-Based Optimization (RBO) is to find a balanced design that is not only economical but also reliable in the presence of uncertainties. Numerous reliability optimization techniques have been proposed. In this study, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is employed for reliable optimization of a geotechnical engineering system. The proposed ABC-RBO method combines ABC and First Order Reliability Methods (FORM). Optimization is performed with ABC, while the reliability analysis is performed with FORM, incorporating Excel solver. The proposed method is verified by two geotechnical engineering examples and compared with other methods, and shown to be robust, accurate, and feasible.

EFTG: Efficient and Flexible Top-K Geo-textual Publish/Subscribe

( Hong Zhu ),( Hongbo Li ),( Zongmin Cui ),( Zhongsheng Cao ),( Meiyi Xie ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.12

With the popularity of mobile networks and smartphones, geo-textual publish/subscribe messaging has attracted wide attention. Different from the traditional publish/subscribe format, geo-textual data is published and subscribed in the form of dynamic data flow in the mobile network. The difference creates more requirements for efficiency and flexibility. However, most of the existing Top-k geo-textual publish/subscribe schemes have the following deficiencies: (1) All publications have to be scored for each subscription, which is not efficient enough. (2) A user should take time to set a threshold for each subscription, which is not flexible enough. Therefore, we propose an efficient and flexible Top-k geo-textual publish/subscribe scheme. First, our scheme groups publish and subscribe based on text classification. Thus, only a few parts of related publications should be scored for each subscription, which significantly enhances efficiency. Second, our scheme proposes an adaptive publish/subscribe matching algorithm. The algorithm does not require the user to set a threshold. It can adaptively return Top-k results to the user for each subscription, which significantly enhances flexibility. Finally, theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our scheme.

Collaborative Attributes and Resources for Single-Stage Virtual Network Mapping in Network Virtualization

Haotong Cao,Hongbo Zhu,Longxiang Yang 한국통신학회 2020 Journal of communications and networks Vol.22 No.1

Virtual network embedding (VNE) is the virtualized nodeand link resources allocation problem in network virtualization environment,aiming at achieving the simultaneous optimal node andlink mapping assignment per VN. Currently, a large number ofmapping algorithms for VNE exist in the academia. Existing algorithmsmostly focus on mapping each virtual network (VN) intwo ordered stages: First virtual node mapping stage and secondvirtual link mapping stage, leading to non-optimal VN mappingassignment. Though multiple one-stage algorithms exist, adoptingeither optimization theory or graph theory, they usually involvemuch more VN assignment calculation time. Hence, theseone-stage algorithms are not suitable for dynamic network scenario. Not to mention practical VNE application. Based on thebackground and our gained research results, we propose anotherheuristic mapping algorithm VNE-ARS, completing all nodes andlinks per VN in one single embedding stage. Each VN embeddingassignment can be completed in polynomial time, using ourVNE-ARS. Main network attributes and resources are collaborated,serving as the mapping criterion of our VNE-ARS. In orderto highlight our VNE-ARS strength, we conduct the evaluation experiments. We compare our VNE-ARS algorithm against existingmapping algorithms.

Performance Analysis of Multi-hop Wireless Networks under Different Hopping Strategies with Spatial Diversity

( Hu Han ),( Zhu Hongbo ),( Zhu Qi ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.10

This paper derives two main end-to-end performance metrics, namely the spatial capacity density and the average end-to-end delay of the multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks with multi-antenna communications. Based on the closed-form expressions of these performance metrics, three hopping strategies, i.e., the closest neighbor, the furthest neighbor and the randomly selected neighbor hopping strategies have been investigated. This formulation provides insights into the relations among node density, diversity gains, number of hops and some other network design parameters which jointly determine network performances, and a method of choosing the best hopping strategy which can be formulated from a network design perspective.

Soft‑switching modulation strategy based on hybrid control for three‑phase wireless power transfer systems

Jun Huang,Hongbo Zhu,Yu Wang,Kai Li 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.12

A hybrid control strategy is proposed for a SS compensated three-phase wireless power transfer (3P-WPT) system, which realizes full zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the converter during the entire charging process of a battery. First, a mathematical equivalent model of 3P-WPT is established by fundamental harmonic approximation, the ZVS operation of the active bridge in the constant current (CC) charging mode is optimized by considering the relationship between the input impedance, operation frequency, and duty cycle. Consequently, an optimal modulation strategy featuring full ZVS operation is proposed for the constant current and constant voltage (CV) charging modes of 3P-WPT. Second, based on the NSGA-II algorithm, a mathematical model for the multi-objective optimization of coils is established, which aims for a high transmission frequency and power density. The parameters of coils are optimized accordingly. Finally, a 2 kW experimental prototype is built. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, where the maximum efficiency is up to 90.26% at a full load.

Virtual Resource Allocation in Virtualized Small Cell Networks with Physical-Layer Network Coding Aided Self-Backhauls

( Yulun Cheng ),( Longxiang Yang ),( Hongbo Zhu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.8

Virtualized small cell network is a promising architecture which can realize efficient utilization of the network resource. However, conventional full duplex self-backhauls lead to residual self-interference, which limits the network performance. To handle this issue, this paper proposes a virtual resource allocation, in which the residual self-interference is fully exploited by employing a physical-layer network coding (PNC) aided self-backhaul scheme. We formulate the features of PNC as time slot and information rate constraints, and based on that, the virtual resource allocation is formulated as a mixed combinatorial optimization problem. To solve the problem efficiently, it is decomposed into two sub problems, and a two-phase iteration algorithm is developed accordingly. In the algorithm, the first sub problem is approximated and transferred into a convex problem by utilizing the upper bound of the PNC rate constraint. On the basis of that, the convexity of the second sub problem is also proved. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed scheme over conventional solution in both the profits of self-backhauls and utility of the network resource.

A Novel Service Migration Method Based on Content Caching and Network Condition Awareness in Ultra-Dense Networks

( Chenjun Zhou ),( Xiaorong Zhu ),( Hongbo Zhu ),( Su Zhao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.6

The collaborative content caching system is an effective solution developed in recent years to reduce transmission delay and network traffic. In order to decrease the service end-to-end transmission delay for future 5G ultra-dense networks (UDN), this paper proposes a novel service migration method that can guarantee the continuity of service and simultaneously reduce the traffic flow in the network. In this paper, we propose a service migration optimization model that minimizes the cumulative transmission delay within the constraints of quality of service (QoS) guarantee and network condition. Subsequently, we propose an improved firefly algorithm to solve this optimization problem. Simulation results show that compared to traditional collaborative content caching schemes, the proposed algorithm can significantly decrease transmission delay and network traffic flow.

Optimal Price Strategy Selection for MVNOs in Spectrum Sharing: An Evolutionary Game Approach

( Shasha Zhao ),( Qi Zhu ),( Hongbo Zhu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.12

The optimal price strategy selection of two bounded rational cognitive mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) in a duopoly spectrum sharing market is investigated. The bounded rational operators dynamically compete to sell the leased spectrum to secondary users in order to maximize their profits. Meanwhile, the secondary users` heterogeneous preferences to rate and price are taken into consideration. The evolutionary game theory (EGT) is employed to model the dynamic price strategy selection of the MVNOs taking into account the response of the secondary users. The behavior dynamics and the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) of the operators are derived via replicated dynamics. Furthermore, a reward and punishment mechanism is developed to optimize the performance of the operators. Numerical results show that the proposed evolutionary algorithm is convergent to the ESS, and the incentive mechanism increases the profits of the operators. It may provide some insight about the optimal price strategy selection for MVNOs in the next generation cognitive wireless networks.

Sum rate and Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO Downlink with Channel Aging in Time Varying Ricean Fading Channel

( Lihua Yang ),( Longxiang Yang ),( Hongbo Zhu ),( Yan Liang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.3

Achievable sum rate and energy efficiency (EE) are investigated for the massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) downlink with channel aging in the time varying Ricean fading channel. Specifically, the expression of the achievable sum rate of the system for the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoder with aged channel state information (CSI) in the time varying Ricean fading channel is first presented. Based on the expression, the effect of both channel aging and the Ricean factor on the power scaling law are studied. It is found that the transmit power of base station (BS) is scaled down by 1/√M (where M is the number of the BS antennas) when the Ricean factor K is equal to zero (i.e., time varying Rayleigh fading channel), indicating that aged CSI does not affect the power scaling law. However, the transmit power of the BS is scaled down by for the time varying Ricean fading channel (where K≠0) indicating that the Ricean factor affects the power scaling law and sum rate, and channel aging only leads to a reduction of the sum rate. Second, the EE of the system is analyzed based on the general power consumption model. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulations show that the channel aging could degrade the sum rate and the EE of the system, and it does not affect the power scaling law.