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Holistic Reform of the Mathematics Curriculum - the Hong Kong Exoperience
Wong, Ngai Ying,Lam, Chi Chung,Leung, Frederick Koon-Shing,Mok, Ida Ah-Chee,Wong, Ka Ming Patrick 한국수학교육학회 1999 수학교육연구 Vol.3 No.2
The Hong Kong mathematics curriculum has launched its reform in recent years. It was the first time that a holistic review of syllabi from Primary 1 through Secondary 7 was made. The curriculum development agency also decided to base the reform on sound pedagogical foundations. That was assisted with academic research where the views of various stakeholders were investigated in detail. Surveys were conducted with students, parents, teachers, employers, university professors, and curriculum designers and they give a full picture of mathematics teaching and learning in Hong Kong. The rich data collected should shed light on the development of mathematics curriculum in other regions with similar socio-cultural and educational settings.
Changing Students` Conceptions of Mathematics through the Introduction of Variation
( Ngai Ying Wong ),( Chit Kwong Kong ),( Chi Chung Lam ),( Ka Ming Patrick Wong ) 한국수학교육학회 2010 수학교육연구 Vol.14 No.4
Some 400 Secondary One (i.e. seventh-grade) students from 10 schools were provided with non-routine mathematical problems in their normal mathematics classes as exercises for one academic year. Their attitudes toward mathematics, their conceptions of mathematics and their problem-solving performance were measured both in the beginning and at the end of the year. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the introduction of an appropriate dose of non-routine problems would generate some effects on the students` conceptions of mathematics. A medium dose of non-routine problems (as reported by the teachers) would result in a change of the students` conception of mathematics to perceiving mathematics as less of "a subject of calculables." On the other hand, a high dose would lead students to perceive mathematics as more useful and more as a discipline involving thinking. However, with a low dose of non-routine problems, students found mathematics more "friendly" (free from fear). It is therefore proposed that the use of non-routine mathematical problems to an appropriate extent can induce changes in students` "lived space" of mathematics learning and broaden their conceptions of mathematics and mathematics learning.
Teacher`s Gender-Related Beliefs about Mathematics
( Qiao Ping Zhang ),( Ngai Ying Wong ),( Chi Chung Lam ) 한국수학교육학회 2013 수학교육연구 Vol.17 No.3
Mathematics has been stereotyped as a male-dominated subject, and there is considerable evidence to support this belief. There has been much research in the past three decades on gender-related differences in elementary and secondary school mathematics. The re-search found that teachers possess different beliefs about male and female students that influence their teaching behaviour, which then directly or indirectly impact their students` behaviours, beliefs, and achievements in mathematics. Based on data collected from teacher questionnaire surveys in the Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong, this study exam-ines teachers` beliefs about the achievements of boys and girls in mathematics. The study also compares the findings in the two regions surveyed. Results showed that teachers gave more attention to boys than girls, regardless of the teacher`s gender. Not only are teachers more likely to recall more boys than girls, but also more boys than girls with av-erage academic standards.
Ivan Ho Yuen Pun,Dessy Chan,Sau Hing Chan,Po Yee Chung,Yuanyuan Zhou,Simon Law,Alfred King Yin Lam,Chung Hin Chui,Albert Sun Chi Chan,Kim Hung Lam,Johnny Cheuk On Tang 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.1
Purpose 83b1 is a novel quinoline derivative that has been shown to inhibit cancer growth in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 83b1 on a series of ESCC cell lines and investigate the mechanisms by which 83b1 suppresses cancer growth based on molecular docking analysis. Materials and Methods A series of ESCC and nontumor immortalized cell lines were exposed to 83b1 and cisplatin (CDDP) in a dose-dependent manner, and the cytotoxicity was examined by a MTS assay kit. Prediction of the molecular targets of 83b1 was conducted by molecular docking analysis. Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA and COX-2–derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzymelinked immuno-sorbent assay, respectively. In vivo anti-tumor effect was determined using a nude mice xenografted model transplanted with an ESCC cell line, KYSE-450. Results 83b1 showed the significant anti-cancer effects on all ESCC cell lines compared to CDDP; however, 83b1 revealed much lower toxic effects on non-tumor cell lines than CDDP. The predicted molecular target of 83b1 is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR), which is a widely known oncoprotein. Additionally the expression of COX-2 mRNA and COX-2–derived PGE2 were down-regulated by 83b1 in a dose-dependent manner in ESCC cell lines. Furthermore, 83b1 was shown to significantly reduce the tumor size in nude mice xenograft. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the potential anti-cancer effects of 83b1 on human esophageal cancers occur through the possible oncotarget, PPAR, and down-regulation of the cancer related genes and molecules.