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Sustainability in Ultra precision and Micro machining: A Review
Frank Schneider,Jayanti Das,Benjamin Kirsch,Barbara Linke,Jan C. Aurich 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.3
Ultra precision and micro machining processes become more and more important. This can be led back to the development of functionalized surfaces and parts and the mass production of smaller products e.g. lenses for personal devices. With increasing application and distribution, the importance of sustainability in these processes also increases. In this paper, an overview of ultra precision and micro machining in a system approach is given and the most decisive input parameters are elaborated. Included are general findings and current issues of process design with regard to the economic, environmental and social dimension of sustainability. Finally, it is discussed how the sustainability of ultra precision and micro machining can be increased and for which class of products certain strategies are recommended.
Comparative Molecular Analysis of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas
Liu, Yang,Sethi, Nilay S.,Hinoue, Toshinori,Schneider, Barbara G.,Cherniack, Andrew D.,Sanchez-Vega, Francisco,Seoane, Jose A.,Farshidfar, Farshad,Bowlby, Reanne,Islam, Mirazul,Kim, Jaegil,Chatila, Wa Elsevier 2018 Cancer cell Vol.33 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>We analyzed 921 adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum to examine shared and distinguishing molecular characteristics of gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas (GIACs). Hypermutated tumors were distinct regardless of cancer type and comprised those enriched for insertions/deletions, representing microsatellite instability cases with epigenetic silencing of <I>MLH1</I> in the context of CpG island methylator phenotype, plus tumors with elevated single-nucleotide variants associated with mutations in <I>POLE</I>. Tumors with chromosomal instability were diverse, with gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas harboring fragmented genomes associated with genomic doubling and distinct mutational signatures. We identified a group of tumors in the colon and rectum lacking hypermutation and aneuploidy termed genome stable and enriched in DNA hypermethylation and mutations in <I>KRAS</I>, <I>SOX9</I>, and <I>PCBP1</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GI adenocarcinomas comprised five molecular subtypes: EBV, MSI, HM-SNV, CIN, and GS </LI> <LI> Hypermutated tumors had diverse immune features varying by tissue and subtype </LI> <LI> CIN tumors displayed more fragmented copy-number alterations in the upper GI tract </LI> <LI> Genome-stable CRC subtype was enriched for recurrent mutations in <I>SOX9</I> and <I>PCBP1</I> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>