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Efficiency Improvement of Organic Solar Cells Using Two-step Annealing Technique
Bilal Masood,Arsalan Haider,Tehsin Nawaz 한국전기전자재료학회 2016 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.17 No.3
The fullerene solar cells are becoming a feasible choice due to the advanced developments in donor materials andimproved fabrication techniques of devices. Recently, sufficient optimization and improvements in the processingtechniques like incorporation of solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with additives in solvents has become a majorcause of prominent improvements in the performance of organic solar cell-based devices . On the other hand, thechallenge of reduced open circuit voltage (Voc) remains. This study presents an approach for significant performanceimprovement of overall device based on organic small molecular solar cells (SMSCs) by following a two steptechnique that comprises thermal annealing (TA) and SVA (abbreviated as SVA+TA). In case of exclusive use of SVA,reduction in Voc can be eliminated in an effective way. The characteristics of charge carriers can be determined bythe measurement of transient photo-voltage (TPV) and transient photo-current (TPC) that determines the scopefor improvement in the performance of device by two step annealing. The recovery of reduced Voc is linked with thenecessary change in the dynamics of charge that lead to increased overall performance of device. Moreover, SVAand TA complement each other; therefore, two step annealing technique is an appropriate way to simultaneouslyimprove the parameters such as Voc, fill factor (FF), short circuit current density (Jsc) and PCE of small molecular solarcells.
Modeling and Characterization of Low Voltage Access Network for Narrowband Powerline Communications
Masood, Bilal,Haider, Arsalan,Baig, Sobia The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1
Nowadays, Power Line Communication (PLC) is gaining high attention from industry and electric supply companies for the services like demand response, demand side management and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The reliable services to consumers using PLC can be provided by utilizing an efficient PLC channel for which sophisticated channel modeling is very important. This paper presents characterization of a Low Voltage (LV) access network for Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) using transmission line (TL) theory and a Simulink model. The TL theory analysis not only includes the constant parameters but frequency selectivity is also introduced in these parameters such as resistance, conductance and impedances. However, the proposed Simulink channel model offers an analysis and characterization of capacitive coupler, network impedance and channel transfer function for NB-PLC. Analysis of analytical and simulated results shows a close agreement of the channel transfer function. In the absence of a standardized NBPLC channel model, this research work can prove significant in improving the efficiency and accuracy of NB-PLC communication transceivers for Smart Grid communications.
Modeling and Characterization of Low Voltage Access Network for Narrowband Powerline Communications
Bilal Masood,Arsalan Haider,Sobia Baig 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1
Nowadays, Power Line Communication (PLC) is gaining high attention from industry and electric supply companies for the services like demand response, demand side management and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The reliable services to consumers using PLC can be provided by utilizing an efficient PLC channel for which sophisticated channel modeling is very important. This paper presents characterization of a Low Voltage (LV) access network for Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) using transmission line (TL) theory and a Simulink model. The TL theory analysis not only includes the constant parameters but frequency selectivity is also introduced in these parameters such as resistance, conductance and impedances. However, the proposed Simulink channel model offers an analysis and characterization of capacitive coupler, network impedance and channel transfer function for NB-PLC. Analysis of analytical and simulated results shows a close agreement of the channel transfer function. In the absence of a standardized NBPLC channel model, this research work can prove significant in improving the efficiency and accuracy of NB-PLC communication transceivers for Smart Grid communications.
Efficiency Improvement of Organic Solar Cells Using Two-step Annealing Technique
Masood, Bilal,Haider, Arsalan,Nawaz, Tehsin The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2016 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.17 No.3
The fullerene solar cells are becoming a feasible choice due to the advanced developments in donor materials and improved fabrication techniques of devices. Recently, sufficient optimization and improvements in the processing techniques like incorporation of solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with additives in solvents has become a major cause of prominent improvements in the performance of organic solar cell-based devices . On the other hand, the challenge of reduced open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) remains. This study presents an approach for significant performance improvement of overall device based on organic small molecular solar cells (SMSCs) by following a two step technique that comprises thermal annealing (TA) and SVA (abbreviated as SVA+TA). In case of exclusive use of SVA, reduction in V<sub>oc</sub> can be eliminated in an effective way. The characteristics of charge carriers can be determined by the measurement of transient photo-voltage (TPV) and transient photo-current (TPC) that determines the scope for improvement in the performance of device by two step annealing. The recovery of reduced V<sub>oc</sub> is linked with the necessary change in the dynamics of charge that lead to increased overall performance of device. Moreover, SVA and TA complement each other; therefore, two step annealing technique is an appropriate way to simultaneously improve the parameters such as V<sub>oc</sub>, fill factor (FF), short circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) and PCE of small molecular solar cells.
Ayesha Nida,Arsalan Haider,Xiang-Yang Zhang 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.9
Objective The rate of drug craving not only in Pakistan is escalating rapidly, but also from a wide range of cultures and geographically have been impacted by the drug problem. Recently, drug cravings among young Pakistani school and college students have significantly increased, particularly illegal substances like hashish, heroin, and ecstasy. Methods We recruited 338 students and gathered demographic and drug-craving data through a survey. To assess the study variables, we used the parental acceptance-rejection short version, peer pressure questionnaire, and adult personality assessment scale. Results The prevalence rate of occasional drug craving was 44.1% (tobacco, 39.9%; heroin, 1.8%; ice, 0.6%; and others), and 55.9% have never tried them. Initially, drug craving at the first onset at the age of 14 in friend gatherings (15.7%) in stressful situations (11.2%), high-income families, particularly in joint family systems with paternal rejection, peer enforcement, and maladjustment had a higher risk than affectionate parents and conventional peers. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis disclosed that age, socioeconomic status, father affection, hostility, rejection, negligence, peer influences, and psychosocial adjustment, mother hostility were independently associated with occasional drug cravings. Conclusion Findings suggested the high prevalence of occasional drug cravings in Pakistani students in the capital territory. Furthermore, the demographic and other social and clinical aspects could be linked. This study carried out theoretical significance in understanding the predictors of occasional drug craving and psychological adjustment, highlighting the peer and parent’s roles and the educational institutions. Psychiatry Investig 2024;21(9):947-957