Differences in foot shape when wearing wedge-heeled shoes with elevated forefoot height and heel height

Ao Zhu,Yu-Chi Lee 한국의류학회 2023 Fashion and Textiles Vol.10 No.1

Wedge-heeled shoes, which are formed by elevating both the forefoot and heel, have been popular among young women. However, research on the foot shape in wedge-heeled shoes is lacking. This study aimed to access the effects of forefoot height (10, 20, and 30 mm) and heel height (30, 50, 70, and 90 mm) on foot shape and perceived comfort when wearing wedge-heeled shoes. Three-dimensional (3D) foot scanning was performed on 35 females and the 14 foot dimensions were measured. Increased forefoot height generated larger lengths (foot, ball and out ball), smaller girths (ball and instep) and heights (instep and navicular) ( p < 0.05). Thus, when the forefoot height increased, the foot became longer, slimmer and flatter. Moreover, elevated heel height resulted in larger dimensions for girths (ball and instep), heights (instep and navicular), and smaller dimensions for lengths (foot, ball and out ball), widths (diagonal and horizontal) and toe 5 angles of the foot ( p < 0.01). That means shorter, narrower and more convex foot shapes were observed when heel height increased. Subjective measurements implied that increased forefoot height significantly enhanced perceived comfort, whereas increased heel height diminished comfort. It was found that forefoot elevation could result in less deformation and discomfort which accompanied heel elevation, especially in the low heel-toe drop combinations (10 × 30 and 20 × 30 mm). The findings provide valuable references for enhancing shoe fitting and comfort for wedge-heeled shoes by providing dimensional data on the toe, ball, arch and instep regions.

Perovskite and Conjugated Polymer Wrapped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for High-Performance Transistors and Phototransistors

Zhu, Huihui,Liu, Ao,Luque, Hector Lopez,Sun, Huabin,Ji, Dongseob,Noh, Yong-Young American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.4

<P>Although organic-inorganic halide perovskites continue to generate considerable interest due to great potentials for various optoelectronic devices, there are some critical obstacles to practical applications, including lead toxicity, relatively low field-effect mobility, and strong hysteresis during operation. This paper proposes a universal approach to significantly improve mobility and operational stability with reduced dual-sweep hysteresis for perovskite-based thin film transistors (TFTs) by coupling low-dimensional lead-free perovskite material (C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>SnI<SUB>4</SUB> (hereafter abbreviated as (PEA)<SUB>2</SUB>SnI<SUB>4</SUB>) with embedded conjugated polymer wrapped semiconducting carbon nanotubes (semi-CNTs). In (PEA)<SUB>2</SUB>SnI<SUB>4</SUB>/semi-CNT hybrid TFTs, semi-CNTs can provide highway-like transport paths, enabling smoother carrier transport with less trapping and scattering. We also demonstrate the performance of (PEA)<SUB>2</SUB>SnI<SUB>4</SUB>/semi-CNT hybrid phototransistors with ultrahigh photoresponsivity (<I>R</I>) of 6.3 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> A/W and detectivity (<I>D*</I>) of 1.12 × 10<SUP>17</SUP> Jones, which is about 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the best devices available to date. The results indicate promising potentials for solution-processed perovskite/semi-CNT hybrid platforms, and the developed strategy can be applied for high-performance perovskite nanomaterial optoelectronics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Predictive direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors using deadbeat torque and flux control

Ao Wang,Housheng Zhang,Junjie Jiang,Duo Jin,Shengjie Zhu 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.2

In consideration of the shortcomings of the large torque and flux ripples in direct torque control (DTC), and the insufficient utilization of the duty cycle module in traditional DTC based on the duty cycle modulation of PMSMs, a DTC method based on deadbeat control of the torque and flux is proposed in this paper. In the synchronous rotation, coordinate system positioned with the stator flux vector, the reference voltage vector is calculated in accordance to the deadbeat control method. Six virtual voltages are constructed in such a manner that two adjacent basic voltage vectors are evenly divided in one control cycle. The effective voltage vectors are expanded to 12. The effective voltage vector closest to the phase angle of the reference voltage vector is determined to be the optimal voltage vector. Then, the duty cycle is introduced to further reduce the error between the final output voltage vector and the voltage vector required by the system. Simulation comparisons are carried out for DTC, traditional DTC based on duty cycle modulation, and the proposed DTC. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DTC can effectively suppress both torque ripple and flux ripple, improve the utilization rate of the duty cycle module, and reduce the stator current distortion rate.

Recent progress on metal halide perovskite field-effect transistors

Zhu Huihui,Liu Ao,Noh Yong-Young 한국정보디스플레이학회 2021 Journal of information display Vol.22 No.4

Metal halide perovskite semiconductors could potentially be used to create field-effect transistors (FETs) with high carrier mobilities. This review summarizes progress achieved recently in threedimensional (3D) lead-based and two-dimensional (2D) tin-based perovskite FETs, and identifies the evolution of electrical characteristics and stability, then discusses outstanding challenges and provides an outlook on the possibilities offered by this electronic material family for use in backplane drivers for active matrix displays.

Transparent Inorganic Copper Bromide (CuBr) p-Channel Transistors Synthesized From Solution at Room Temperature

Zhu, Huihui,Liu, Ao,Noh, Yong-Young IEEE 2019 IEEE electron device letters Vol.40 No.5

<P>Transparent polycrystalline p-channel copper bromide (CuBr) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated using a simple one-step spin coating at room temperature. Optimized CuBr TFTs operate in depletion mode with an on-voltage of 35 V and exhibit a hole mobility of 0.15 cm <TEX>$^{2}\,\,\text{V}^{-1}\,\,\text{s}^{-1}$</TEX>, high ON/OFF current ratio <TEX>${\sim }10^{4}$</TEX> and cycling bias sweep/air stabilities. The performance is superior to that of most solution-processed p-type oxide TFTs, highlighting CuBr as a promising p-type candidate for next-generation printable transparent electronics.</P>

Identification of Landslide Region Based on Topographic and Change Information

Minsi Ao,Jianjun Zhu,Changcheng Wang,Xiaoying Yu 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.1

Perovskite and Conjugated Polymer Wrapped Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for High Performance Transistors and Phototransistors

HUIHUI ZHU,AO LIU,노용영 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.2

Evaluation of Curtain Grouting Efficiency by Cloud Model - based Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Yushan Zhu,Xiaoling Wang,Shaohui Deng,Mengqi Zhao,Xuefei Ao 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.7

Because of the concealment and uncertainty of dam foundation grouting, the accurate evaluation of the quality of grouting construction is a major concern. Most of the previous studies pertaining to the assessment of grouting efficiency only take a single factor into account, and only a few efforts have been devoted to the comprehensive evaluation of grouting efficiency, which fail to consider the fuzziness problems caused by the complex relationships among indicators as well as the randomness problems caused by subjective consciousness. Therefore, the curtain grouting efficiency evaluation method considering the uncertainty in evaluation process is proposed which includes three main parts: 1) Based on conventional evaluation indicators of grouting efficiency, where groutability is introduced as a new indicator; 2) a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on cloud model is developed, by which the fuzziness and randomness in assessment are organically combined; and 3) the fuzzy entropy was calculated for indicating the complexity of grouting efficiency level. Then, the proposed method is used to assess efficiency of the curtain grouting for a hydropower station in China, and compared with three other methods. The outcomes display the consistency, representativeness, robustness and superiority of this evaluation method, which make the evaluation results more scientific and objective.

Microcystic Stromal Tumor of Testicle: First Case Report and Literature Review

Pengcheng Zhu,Yaqi Duan,Qilin Ao,Guoping Wang 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Microcystic stromal tumor (MCST) is a rare subtype of sex cord-stromal neoplasm. Tumors from all 31 previously reported cases were located in the ovary. Herein, we present a unique case of a right-side testicular tumor in a 33-year-old Chinese male. The tumor is composed of predominantly lobulated cellular nodules separated by hyalinized fibrous stroma and they expressed CD10, -catenin (nuclear), and cyclin D1. Molecular analysis identified a point mutation (c.110C>G) in exon 3 of CTNNB1. The histopathological features, immunohistochemistry profiles, and molecular analysis of this tumor were consistent with MCST of the ovary. Therefore, a diagnosis of MCST of the right testicle was determined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MCST occurring in the testicles. The study may provide new insights to the tumor biology of MCST and a better understanding of this rare entity.

Polyol Reduction: A Low-Temperature Eco-Friendly Solution Process for p-Channel Copper Oxide-Based Transistors and Inverter Circuits

Liu, Ao,Zhu, Huihui,Noh, Yong-Young American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.36

<P>An optimized polyol reduction method was proposed for p-type Cu<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O deposition using a spin-coating method at low temperatures. The film characterizations and the electrical properties of integrated thin-film transistors (TFTs) were investigated as a function of annealing temperature and polyol type. The Cu<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O TFTs derived from propylene glycol showed the optimal performance with an average field-effect hole mobility of 0.15 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, an on/off current ratio of ∼10<SUP>4</SUP>, and a threshold voltage of −7 V at a low temperature of 220 °C. Considering few investigations on the operational/air stability of solution-processed p-type oxide TFTs, we carried out systematical studies and revealed different roles of O<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O on the device performance. The low activation energy (0.16 eV) for hole transport and high voltage gain (37) of the composed complementary inverter highlight great potential for the construction of all oxide-based transparent flexible electronics and circuits.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>