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( Yi Han Liu ),( Shu Ai Fan ),( Xiao Guang Liu ),( Zhi Meng Zhang ),( Jian Ling Wang ),( Zheng Xiang Wang ),( Fu Ping Lu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.7
The stability of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) under acid condition was enhanced through direct evolution using the error-prone polymerase chain reaction. One beneficial mutation site, H281I, was obtained in BLA. The specific activity of H281I was 161/352 U/mg, which was 62.6/27.5% higher than that of the wild-type (WT) (99/276 U/mg) at pH 4.5/6.5 and 95°C. The pH optimum for H281I was decreased about 1 unit, whereas no significant changes of optimum temperature and thermostability were observed compared with the wild type (WT). The kcat/Km value of H281I was 1.7-/1.4-fold higher at pH 4.5/6.5, respectively, than that of WT. The structure model analysis indicated that the H281I mutation altered the predicted interaction between the amino acid residues at 281 and 273, thus creating a conducive local environment for substrate binding, as reflected by its decreased Km, and consequently increased the specific activity.
Radiation Hybrid Mapping and mRNA Expression of Chicken N- myc downregulated gene 4
Yong Tian,Li Zhi Lu,Yan Fu,Ai Ping Yuan,Guo Qin Li,Qing Yan Yuan,Zheng Rong Tao,Jin Zhao 한국유전학회 2007 Genes & Genomics Vol.29 No.4
N-myc downregulated gene 4 (NDRG4) is a member of the N-myc downregulated gene family which belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein that may be involved in the regulation of mitogenic signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells. To map NDRG4 gene in chicken chromosome, a 6,000 rads chicken- hamster radiation hybrid panel was used. Primers were designed according to the published human sequence for amplification of chicken NDRG4. We compared the corresponding human mRNA sequence with the predicted coding sequence of chicken NDRG4, and found that the assembled contig shared a high percentage of similarity with that of human gene. PCR of samples from ChickRH6 revealed the locations of NDRG4 to be linked to the maker PARD6G (5 cR away) with a LOD score 20.46. In addition, we detected the mRNA expression and distribution of chicken NDRG4 in various tissues by RT-PCR, and found that NDRG4 was highly expressed in chicken brain and heart, whereas lowly but detectable in thymus. The mRNA expression of this gene in chicken liver, spleen, lung and muscle was rarely detectable under present experimental conditions.
Rongtao Fu,Lei Ding,Jun Zhu,Ping Li,Ai-ping Zheng 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.2
The target pathogen Villosiclava virens (teleomorph: claviceps oryzae-sativae) was isolated from the infected rice, where it caused false smut. In our study, the forming processes of the chlamydospores, chlamydospore balls, conidiospores, and secondary conidiospores during the asexual reproduction were observed more precisely and in greater detail than previous descriptions. The microstructure of the infected rice kernel showed that the outer dense chlamydospores piled around the false smut balls grown on XBZ medium;moreover the sclerotia consisting of dense mycelium were found. The different morphology was observed across the different growing conditions. In addition, we observed the nuclear numbers of both the conidiospores and hyphae using 4 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Because the fungus has small chromosomes and the numbers were not previously known, we analyzed the electrophoretic karyotype using a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. The results showed that V. virens has at least 10 chromosomes ranging in size from 0.6 kb to 6 Mb. The V. virens genome size is estimated to be 23 Mb. Here, we report the morphological characteristics of the fungus and the process of asexual spores forming asexual propagules, along with the first analyze the molecular karyotype of V. virens. These results supply a foundation for further study of the pathogenicity and biology of this devastating pathogen.
Liu Hong Bo,Li Xin Xia,Xiao Zheng Yao,Zhang Ding Zong,Sun Ai Ping 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.79 No.12
The helicon wave heating and current drive in the HL-2M tokamak for the steady-state scenario is studied numerically. Based on the theory of fast wave current drive proposed by Chiu, we analyze the characteristics of helicon waves damping for the HL-2M tokamak. For wave frequencies larger than 420 MHz, strong wave damping occurs, and electron Landau damping is dominant. Moreover, a strong wave absorption region associated with the dimensionless parameters βe and ξe that depend on the wave frequency is obtained. The helicon wave propagation and current drive are simulated using the GENRAY/CQL3D code. The results show that an off-axis current drive with profiles peak at ρ ∼ 0.4 can be generally received at a wave frequency f ∼ 500 MHz and the launched parallel refractive index n∕∕ = 3.8 and that the current drive efficiency reaches up to ∼140 kA/MW. A scan of n∕∕ showed that both the current drive profile peak and the generated current could be adjusted by changing the launched n∕∕ . Finally, a feasible scheme for the helicon wave off-axis current drive in the HL-2M tokamak is proposed.
Optimization of helicon wave current drive in HL-2M tokamak
Liu Hong Bo,Liu Guan Nan,Sun Ai Ping,Xiao Zheng Yao,Li Xin Xia 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.81 No.5
Helicon waves have been proposed for efcient of-axis current drive in high-performance tokamaks. The HL-2M tokamak will be operated with high plasma beta approaching to 훽N ∼ 4.0%, which provides a good platform to apply helicon wave system in the machine. Based on the helicon wave dispersion relation, efects of electron Landau damping and transit time magnetic pumping on wave absorption are analyzed according to the HL-2M plasma, and then, an optimized scheme of helicon wave parameter is proposed. The evolution of helicon wave electric feld and produced current drive are calculated by the AORSA full-wave code. It shows that current drive efciency of 100 kA/MW can be generally received in the machine. Moreover, the AORSA results are actively benchmarked with the ray-tracing code, and the results show a good consistency. Finally, the numerical convergence and the consumption of computation resources on grid point numbers in AORSA code are discussed.
Fan, Fang-Tian,Shen, Cun-Si,Tao, Li,Tian, Chao,Liu, Zhao-Guo,Zhu, Zhi-Jie,Liu, Yu-Ping,Pei, Chang-Song,Wu, Hong-Yan,Zhang, Lei,Wang, Ai-Yun,Zheng, Shi-Zhong,Huang, Shi-Le,Lu, Yin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.