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Munir A. ABBASI,Azlan AMRAN,Nazia Abdul REHMAN,Noor us SAHAR,Arif ALI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5
The study examines the existence of twin deficit in two emerging economies (Turkey and Iran) and also investigates the relation of twin deficit with specific macroeconomic indicators such as the GDP, money supply, foreign direct investment, and the interest rate both in short and long-run periods. The twin-deficit concept refers to a situation where the current account deficit and budget deficits exist in the same corresponding period of an economy. This study employs the Bound Test Autoregressive lag distributed (ARDL) model on time-series quarterly secondary data of Turkey and Iran from 1992 to 2019. The stationarity of variables has been ensured through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test at the level and the first difference. The results reveal the existence of a twin deficit in both the short and long-run periods only in Iran. Its existence could not be observed in the Turkish economy. The findings suggest a positive relationship between twin deficit and GDP, and a negative relationship between twin deficit and FDI and M2. At the same time, the relationship of the twin deficit with interest rate could not be found in the Iranian economy. The findings may be helpful for economic managers of both countries in executing their economic policies.
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Microstructure of spark plasma sintered silicon carbide with Al-B-C
조경식,Zuhair A. Munir,Hyun-Kwuon Lee 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.5
Densification of SiC powder with total amounts of 2, 4, 8 wt% Al-B-C additive was carried out by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The unique features of the process are the possibilities of a very fast heating rate and a short soaking time to obtain fully-dense materials. The heating rate and applied pressure were kept at 100 K·minute−1 and 40MPa, while the sintering temperature and soaking time varied from 1,700-1,800 oC for 10-40 minutes, respectively. The SPS-sintered SiC at 1,800 oC with different amounts of Al-B-C reached near-theoretical density. The sintered SiC ceramics were predominantly composed of 6H polytype with 15R and 4H polytype as minor phases. The microstructure of SiC sintered up to 1,750 oC consisted of equiaxed grains. In contrast, the growth of large elongated SiC grains in small matrix grains was shown in sintered bodies at 1800 oC, and a plate-like grains interlocking microstructure had been developed by increasing the soaking time at 1800 oC. The grain growth rate decreases with increasing amounts of Al-B-C in SiC, however, the volume fraction and the aspect ratio of large elongated SiC grains in the sintered bodies increased. Densification of SiC powder with total amounts of 2, 4, 8 wt% Al-B-C additive was carried out by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The unique features of the process are the possibilities of a very fast heating rate and a short soaking time to obtain fully-dense materials. The heating rate and applied pressure were kept at 100 K·minute−1 and 40MPa, while the sintering temperature and soaking time varied from 1,700-1,800 oC for 10-40 minutes, respectively. The SPS-sintered SiC at 1,800 oC with different amounts of Al-B-C reached near-theoretical density. The sintered SiC ceramics were predominantly composed of 6H polytype with 15R and 4H polytype as minor phases. The microstructure of SiC sintered up to 1,750 oC consisted of equiaxed grains. In contrast, the growth of large elongated SiC grains in small matrix grains was shown in sintered bodies at 1800 oC, and a plate-like grains interlocking microstructure had been developed by increasing the soaking time at 1800 oC. The grain growth rate decreases with increasing amounts of Al-B-C in SiC, however, the volume fraction and the aspect ratio of large elongated SiC grains in the sintered bodies increased.
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Bishwajit Bhowmik,Faria Afsana,Lien My Diep,Sanjida Binte Munir,Erica Wright,Sharif Mahmood,A. K. Azad Khan,Akhtar Hussain 대한당뇨병학회 2013 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.37 No.1
Background: To observe changes in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and its associated risk factors in a rural Bangladeshi population over a 10-year period. Methods: Three cross-sectional studies were undertaken in a rural community (aged ≥20 years) in 1999, 2004, and 2009. Structured questionnaires including sociodemographic parameters, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and blood glucose values were recorded. DM and IFG were diagnosed using 1999 World Health Organization criteria. Results: Age standardized prevalence of DM increased significantly (P<0.001) from 1999 to 2009 (2.3%, 6.8%, and 7.9% in 1999,2004, and 2009, respectively). The prevalence of IFG increased significantly (P=0.011) from 4.6% to 5.8% between 1999 and 2004 but then decreased from 5.8% to 5.3% during 2004 to 2009. Significant linear trends were shown in both sexes for general and central obesity as indicated by body mass index, waist circumference, and waist hip ratio (WHR). Increasing age and systolic blood pressure were significant risk factors for DM in all three studies. WHR for males was also significantly associated with the risk of DM in all three studies. WHR for females was only significantly associated with DM in 2009. Conclusion: A significant rise in the prevalence of DM was observed in this population over 10 years. This increase was seen in both sexes, and in all age groups. A significant increase in the prevalence of the associated risk factors of general and central obesity was observed in both sexes.
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Bishwajit Bhowmik,Faria Afsana,Lien My Diep,Sanjida Binte Munir,Erica Wright,Sharif Mahmood,A. K. Azad Khan,Akhtar Hussain 대한당뇨병학회 2015 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.39 No.3
Background To observe changes in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and its associated risk factors in a rural Bangladeshi population over a 10-year period. Methods Three cross-sectional studies were undertaken in a rural community (aged ≥20 years) in 1999, 2004, and 2009. Structured questionnaires including sociodemographic parameters, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and blood glucose values were recorded. DM and IFG were diagnosed using 1999 World Health Organization criteria. Results Age standardized prevalence of DM increased significantly (P<0.001) from 1999 to 2009 (2.3%, 6.8%, and 7.9% in 1999, 2004, and 2009, respectively). The prevalence of IFG increased significantly (P=0.011) from 4.6% to 5.8% between 1999 and 2004 but then decreased from 5.8% to 5.3% during 2004 to 2009. Significant linear trends were shown in both sexes for general and central obesity as indicated by body mass index, waist circumference, and waist hip ratio (WHR). Increasing age and systolic blood pressure were significant risk factors for DM in all three studies. WHR for males was also significantly associated with the risk of DM in all three studies. WHR for females was only significantly associated with DM in 2009. Conclusion A significant rise in the prevalence of DM was observed in this population over 10 years. This increase was seen in both sexes, and in all age groups. A significant increase in the prevalence of the associated risk factors of general and central obesity was observed in both sexes.
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Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa
Wong, Vanessa K.,Holt, Kathryn E.,Okoro, Chinyere,Baker, Stephen,Pickard, Derek J.,Marks, Florian,Page, Andrew J.,Olanipekun, Grace,Munir, Huda,Alter, Roxanne,Fey, Paul D.,Feasey, Nicholas A.,Weill, F Public Library of Science 2016 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.10 No.9
<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has been difficult to estimate, in part, due to suboptimal laboratory diagnostics. However, surveillance blood cultures at two sites in Nigeria have identified typhoid associated with <I>Salmonella enterica</I> serovar Typhi (<I>S</I>. Typhi) as an important cause of bacteremia in children.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 128 <I>S</I>. Typhi isolates from these studies in Nigeria were whole-genome sequenced, and the resulting data was used to place these Nigerian isolates into a worldwide context based on their phylogeny and carriage of molecular determinants of antibiotic resistance.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Several distinct <I>S</I>. Typhi genotypes were identified in Nigeria that were related to other clusters of <I>S</I>. Typhi isolates from north, west and central regions of Africa. The rapidly expanding <I>S</I>. Typhi clade 4.3.1 (H58) previously associated with multiple antimicrobial resistances in Asia and in east, central and southern Africa, was not detected in this study. However, antimicrobial resistance was common amongst the Nigerian isolates and was associated with several plasmids, including the IncHI1 plasmid commonly associated with <I>S</I>. Typhi.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These data indicate that typhoid in Nigeria was established through multiple independent introductions into the country, with evidence of regional spread. MDR typhoid appears to be evolving independently of the haplotype H58 found in other typhoid endemic countries. This study highlights an urgent need for routine surveillance to monitor the epidemiology of typhoid and evolution of antimicrobial resistance within the bacterial population as a means to facilitate public health interventions to reduce the substantial morbidity and mortality of typhoid.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Typhoid fever, a serious bloodstream infection caused by the bacterium <I>Salmonella</I> Typhi, is a major cause of disease and death around the world. There have been limited data on the epidemiology of typhoid in many countries in sub-Saharan African, including Nigeria. Recent evidence, however, showed that typhoid was an important cause of bacteraemia in children residing in two regions of Nigeria. Here, we analyzed the whole genome sequences of 128 <I>S</I>. Typhi isolates from two studies in order to elucidate the population structure and characterize the genetic components of antimicrobial resistance. We found that the multiple <I>S</I>. Typhi genotypes identified were closely related to other <I>S</I>. Typhi from neighboring regions of Africa and that multidrug resistance (MDR) was common among these isolates, and in many cases was associated with the IncHI1 plasmid known to cause MDR typhoid. These results provide evidence that typhoid was established in Nigeria as a result of several independent introductions into the country and that there has been extensive exchange of <I>S</I>. Typhi in and around the region of West Africa. This study emphasizes the importance of surveillance to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of typhoid, which is needed to underpin public health measures to reduce the spread of disease and facilitate patient management.</P></▼2>
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STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF BALUCHI SHEEP ON RANGES IN BALUCHISTAN
Rafiq, Mohammed,Sultani, M.I.,Munir, M.,Arshad, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3
A reproductive potential trial using randomized complete block design with $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial, was conducted on 84 Baluchi yearling ewes. Ewes grazed on rangeland dominated by Artemisia maritime and Holoxylon grifthii with or without flushing and supplementation of barley grain (BG) and cotton-seed-cake (CSC) during premating, late pregnancy and lactation of 90 days. Analysis of variance revealed that conception rate which ranged 64.28 to 85.71, was significantly greater (p<.05) in ewes flushed with CSC followed by ewes under BG or control feeding regimes. During the gestation period, liveweight of ewes changed from 31.24 to 21.2 kg. A loss of 32% of initial body weight was observed at lambing. Losses in live weight of ewes, regardless the supplementation, were uniform and non-significantly different. Live weight of ewes at lambing and weaning were also similar. Birth weight of lambs was significantly different at p<.05. Lambs born to larger ewes seemed to be heavier than lighter ones. Lambs suckling to ewes with losses in body weight during lactation gained more weight which was significantly different at p<.05. In the paper, factors affecting the conception rate, changes in liveweight of ewes during gestation and lactation and subsequently growth of lambs are discussed.
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Covalently-Bonded Solid Solution Formed by Combustion Synthesis
Ohyanagi, Manshi,Munir, Zuhair A. The Korean Ceramic Society 2000 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.6 No.3
The feasibility of synthesizing SiC-AlN solid solution by field-activated combustion synthesis was demonstrated. At lower fields of 8-16.5V/cm, composites of AlN-rich and SiC-rich phases were synthesized, but at fields of 25-30 V/cm, the product was a 2H structure solid solution. Combustion synthesis of the solid solution by nitridation of aluminum with silicon carbide under a nitrogen gas pressure of 4-8 MPa was also investigated. The maximum combustion temperature and wave propagation velocity were found to be influenced by the electric field in the field-activated combustion synthesis, and by the green density and nitrogen pressure in the combustion nitridation. In both cases the formation of solid solutions is complete within seconds, considerably faster than in conventional methods which require hours.
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