문화성향과 사회적지지 = Cultural Self-Orientation and Social Support

국문 초록 (Abstract)

사회적 지지 추구에 관한 문화 간 비교 연구들은 개인주의 문화권의 사람들이 집단주의 문화권 사람들에 비하여 스트레스를 다루기 위하여 사회적 지지를 더 많이 추구함을 보였다. 반면, 사회적 지지 추구에 대한 문화 내 개인차 연구들은 집단주의 성향이 강한 사람들이 스트레스 해소를 위하여 사회적 지지를 더 많이 추구함을 보여주었다. 이와 같은 비교문화 연구들과 문화 내 개인차 연구들 간의 차이에 주목하여, 본 연구에서는 선행 비교문화 연구에서 사용된 것과 동일한 방식으로 사회적 지지 추구를 측정하고, 이를 문화성향과 연관 지어 분석하였다(연구 1과 2). 더 나아가 본 연구에서는 문화성향에 따라 다른 사람들에게 사회적 지지를 제공하는 정도 역시 달라지는지를 살펴보았다(연구 2). 연구 1의 결과, 집단주의 성향이 강할수록 스트레스를 해결하기 위해 사회적 지지를 많이 추구할 뿐만 아니라, 사회적 지지의 유용성을 더 높게 지각함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 연구 2를 통하여 집단주의 성향이 강할수록 본인의 스트레스를 해결하기 위해서 사회적 지지를 많이 추구하는 동시에 스트레스를 겪는 지인을 위해 사회적 지지를 많이 제공하는 등, 다른 사람들과 보다 균형적으로 사회적 지지를 교환함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들에 기초하여 문화와 사회적 지지에 관한 후속 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recent cross-cultural research on social support demonstrated that people from individualistic cultural contexts (e.g., European Americans) are more willing than people from collectivistic cultural contexts (e.g., Asians, Asian Americans) to use social support for coping with stressful events. However, within-culture studies conducted in Korea revealed that individuals with a collectivistic self-orientation are more likely to seek social support, compared to those with an individualistic self-orientation. The present study explored whether and how the pursuit and provision of social support in Korean college students would vary as a function of individuals’ cultural self-orientation. It was found in Study 1 that individuals with a stronger collectivistic self-orientation, as compared with those with a weaker collectivistic self-orientation, were more likely to seek social support and to consider the pursuit social support (vs. exerting personal effort) a more effective means for coping with stress. Moreover, Study 2 showed that the more collectivistic, the more balanced individuals became in the pursuit and provision of social support. Directions for future research on culture and social support are discussed.

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