불안에 대한 한의정신요법과 중의정신요법의 비교고찰: 임상연구를 중심으로

이지원,황인준,박민령,권찬영 대한한방신경정신과학회 2022 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives: To compare Korean medicine (KM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) psychotherapy for anxiety. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System were comprehensively searched. Prospective clinical studies on KM or TCM psychotherapy for patients with anxiety disorder or individuals with elevated anxiety levels published up to August 3, 2022 were reviewed. Psychotherapy was divided into counselling, art therapy, and meditation according to its characteristics. Results: A total of 12 clinical studies were reviewed, including nine randomized controlled trials. The most common disorder investigated was post-traumatic stress disorder. Ten studies used TCM psychotherapy and two used KM psychotherapy. As for differences between TCM psychotherapy and KM psychotherapy, TCM psychotherapy utilized pattern identification in the procedure more actively than KM psychotherapy. In addition, some TCM studies have attempted to directly converge Western psychotherapy (i.e., hypnosis) and Eastern psychotherapy (i.e., Taoin qigong therapy). In the case of KM psychotherapy, there was an attempt to incorporate psychotherapy with Sasang constitutional medicine. Reported effects of TCM psychotherapy and KM psychotherapy on anxiety were positive. Conclusions: Research status of KM psychotherapy and TCM psychotherapy for anxiety was investigated, revealing some of their characteristics, commonalities, and differences. Findings of this review have the potential to provide a clue to the development of conventional KM psychotherapy and new medical technology for KM psychotherapy.

입원환자 집단정신치료 모델: 주치의 중심의 통합적인 모델

이후경,윤성철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Group psychotherapy is an important therapy for inpatient treatment. A lot of studies proved the effect of inpatient group psychotherapy. Therefore it is necessary to use group psychotherapy actively for inpatient treatment There are many models of inpatient group psychotherapy made in foreign countries. But it is difficult to apply those models themselves directly in Korean inpatient unit, and so it is an urgent issue to make an inpatient group psychotherapy model that fits Korean inpatient unit setting. According to this need we made our paper in order to introduce an effective model of group psychotherapy for Korean inpatients in detail, and then to provide opportunity for effective inpatient treatment. The characteristics of this inpatient group psychotherapy model are as follows. 1) This model of group psychotherapy give a field in which a therapist encounter inpatients as a human being. 2) This model is easy to perform generally, and helpful to a comprehensive therapeutic approach for inpatients. 3) In this model heterogeneous inpatients participate in a same one group, therefore this model is able to apply various inpatients. 4) This model makes the basis of continuous outpatient treatment or day hospital treatment, and the basis of outpatient group psychotherapy or individual psychotherapy. 5) Group functions as a social microcosm, and so reveals patient's interpersonal relationship and gives the opportunity to treat it. Therefore group helps patients to be adapted well to inpatient unit and society. 6) In this model, social workers, nurses, or students in practice play a role of healthy egos or observers, and so they can activate group psychotherapy. And this model can be used as a practical and useful tool of the education for psychiatric residents, medical students, social workers, and other students. Psychiatrists seem to be less interested in group psychotherapy than other mental heath practitioners. But it may be appropriate for well trained psychiatrists to use group psychotherapy with individual psychotherapy.

정신치료 수련의 질과 역량에 관한 정신건강의학과 전공의 인식도 조사

김예지(Ye Ji Kim),견영기(Yeong Gi Kyeon),이승재(Seung Jae Lee),전명욱(Myong-Wuk Chon),이상원(Sang Won Lee),정성원(Sung Won Jung),이강욱(Kang Uk Lee),대한신경정신의학회 수련위원회(The Committee of Residency Training of the Korean Neurop 대한신경정신의학회 2021 신경정신의학 Vol.60 No.3

Objectives This study surveyed the quality of psychotherapy training and psychotherapy competencies during residency in Korea. Methods A questionnaire developed by The Committee of Residency Training of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association was completed by fourth-year residents of Korean psychiatry (n=120). The questionnaire examined their demographic characteristics, their experience of clinical psychotherapy training, their degree of satisfaction in the quality of psychotherapy training, and self-rated competence regarding the six types of psychotherapies, including supportive psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and family psychotherapy. Results The degree of satisfaction of the residents with the psychotherapy training was diverse among the types of psychotherapy and contents of training. Across all types of psychotherapies, the satisfaction levels of the quantity and quality of supervision education were low, except for psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Overall, more than 70% of residents were not satisfied with the theoretical education, clinical practice, and supervision education in three types of psychotherapies, including interpersonal psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and family psychotherapy. A positive correlation was found between the degree of satisfaction with the quality of training experience and self-rated competence of psychotherapy. Specifically, the self-rated competence of psychotherapy was more highly correlated with the experience of clinical cases and supervision than theoretical education Conclusion This study showed the quantitative and qualitative status of psychotherapy training in Korean psychiatry residency programs, and the satisfaction level of psychotherapy education was low except for psychoanalytic psychotherapy. There is a strong need for the improvement of psychotherapy training programs in Korea.

한국에서 정신치료 수련의 경험

박용천 대한신경정신의학회 2010 신경정신의학 Vol.49 No.1

In training for psychoanalytic psychotherapy, the same principle used in the psychoanalysis training system, the so called tripartite system (personal analysis, didactic instruction, and control analysis) is recommended. People are usually very reluctant to receive personal analysis and the opportunity to experience it is thus, quite limited. The author presented his own personal experience regarding psychotherapy training in Korea. He received psychotherapy from Dr. Dong-Shick Rhee and was trained at the Korean Academy of Psychotherapists. Individual supervision was conducted by Dr. Dong-Shick Rhee and group supervision by Drsa. Dong-Soon Kim and Hong-Se Moon. The author compared the supervision experience in the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Program at the Cleveland Psychoanalysis Center, in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. The supervisor was the late Dr. Edward Schiff. The process of psychotherapy with Dr. Dong-Shick Rhee could be compared to psychoanalytic psychotherapy, but supportive features were more frequently used than analytic features. Purification of mind and handling of nuclear feelings were experienced. These were based upon Tao. The principles of Tao Psychotherapy were published in the book, “An Introduction to Taopsychotherapy” written by Dr. Dong-Shick Rhee. The author experienced religious enlightenment through his psychotherapy. Reading and discussing psychotherapy articles were guided by Dr. Dong-Shick Rhee. It was not only about accumulating the knowledge but rather learning how to study and how to read correctly. The author reflected the process of his own psychotherapy came to a point on the road less travelled.

드루젠의 실존주의 상담과 실존적 삶

윤영선 명지대학교(서울캠퍼스) 인문과학연구소 2016 인문과학연구논총 Vol.37 No.1

Existential psychotherapy is a therapeutic approach connecting the psychotherapy with the basic assumptions of existential philosophy of human beings. Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss, Victor Frankl influenced by Karl Jaspers and Martin Heidegger were actually pioneers of existential psychotherapy. Today existential psychotherapy in America and England is developing separately. This paper introduced the concrete method of existential psychotherapy presented by Emmy van Deurzen who is the representative existential psychotherapist in England. It was based on the freedom and openness of existential psychotherapy. It examined the meaning of life, existential anxiety, existential guilt and paradoxes which are the important subjects in existential psychotherapy. It looked at the client's assumptions, values, talents and emotions and understood the messages of the emotional experiences existentially. Then it identified the basic purposes, ultimate concerns, realistic goals according to the four levels of client's experiences. And the result of the psychotherapy the clients is to live the existential life which allows the client to confront alone with the world, to have an autonomous relationships with others, to live here and now and to live the existential life on all the levels of experiences. It is not easy to formulate the existential counselling, but the counselling process presented by Deurzen showed it possible.

집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마

윤성철,이후경 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

In this paper, first of all we compared psychoanalysis with psychodrama by a historical point of view. Next, we reviewed group psychotherapy generally and considered the position of psychodrama through the comparison with various types of group psychotherapy. On the basis of this consideration, we compared Yalom's group psychotherapy as a typical type of group psychotherapy with psychodrama. Lastly, we discussed the application of group psychotherapy and psychodrama to each other. Psychoanalysis, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy developed separately at similar times in different fields. Finally, these three fields met with one another in the field of psychiatry. Each of these three fields changed itself as a result of absorbing various things from one another. Therefore, nowadays these fields became to have a close relation with one another. Psychodrama is in a position as a type of group psychotherapies, so it is important to understand group psychotherapy generally for understanding psychodrama. Psychodrama has similar aspects to other group psychotherapies, but also has different aspects from other group psychotherapies. When we understand these aspects, we can conduct therapeutic works effectively in practice. Psychodrama's methods can be applied to group psychotherapy and group psychotherapy's theories can applied to psychodrama. When psychodrama and group psychotherapy takes good points from the other side they can make progress.

얄롬의 실존적 심리치료와 니체사상

김정현 한국니체학회 2012 니체연구 Vol.22 No.-

Today, man lives with ‘neurotic anxiety’ such as loneliness and isolation,as well as feelings of loss, emptiness, anxiety, and meaninglessness of life. This reflects the existential neurosis of the modern man. Associated with frustration and conflict, as well as the fundamental human desire for meaning and goal of life, existential therapy tries to heal the suffering of people from existential frustration. Based on the understanding of human existence, particularly Yalom’s existential psychotherapy is attracting attention in various modern psychotherapies. Yalom’s psychotherapy utilizes much philosophical wisdom. Among many philosophers, he was especially absorbed in Nietzsche whom he regarded as the root of his psychotherapy. In the philosophy of Nietzsche, he saw the potentiality toward the inner process of self-realization of mankind. Yalom has tried to restore Nietzsche’s concealed contribution in the history of psychotherapy and to discover the roots of psychotherapy from Nietzsche. This article aims to treat how Nietzsche’s thought contributes to the healing of existential neurosis with which Yalom is concerned. For this purpose, this article treats what existential psychotherapy means, and what relevance it has with Nietzsche’s thought and how Nietzsche was used in his psychotherapy or its method. I will try to bring to light what Yalom’s cross psychotherapy and philosophical therapy means, and how Yalom’s existential psychotherapy implicates philosophical counseling and therapy today. I will find here the possi bility to build the theory and methods of philosophical counseling and therapy by focusing on Yalom’s existential psychotherapy. 현대인들은 고독, 고립, 상실감, 공허함, 불안, 삶의 무의미성 등 ‘신경증적불안’을 안고 살아간다. 이는 현대의 자아상실이라는 실존적 신경증을 반영하고있다. 실존치료는 삶의 목표나 의미와 연관해 인간의 근원적 갈망에 대한 좌절및 갈등, 즉 실존적 욕구불만으로 고통 받는 사람들을 치유하고자 하는데, 특히얄롬의 실존적 심리치료는 인간의 실존 이해를 바탕으로 하는 심리치료로 현대에 매우 주목받고 있다. 얄롬은 철학적 지혜를 심리치료에 적극 활용하고 있는데, 많은 철학자들 가운데 특히 니체에 심취하며 니체에게서 심리치료의 근본을 발견했다. 그는 인간의 내면을 향한 자아실현의 과정, 자신의 잠재능력을 인식하는 가능성을 니체철학에서 보았던 것이다. 그는 니체에게서 심리치료의 뿌리를 발견할 뿐만 아니라 심리치료의 역사에서 은폐된 니체의 공헌을 복원시키고자 노력했다. 이 글은 얄롬이 시도하고 있는 실존적 신경증의 치유에 니체가 어느 정도기여하고 있는지를 밝혀보고자 했다. 이를 위해 이 글은 실존적 심리치료에서관심을 갖는 것이 무엇이며, 또한 그것이 니체사상과 어떤 연관성이 있는지,또는 심리치료에 니체사상이 어떻게 방법적으로 사용되고 있는지를 밝히고자했다. 또한 얄롬이 시도하고 있는 심리치료와 철학치료의 교차적 전복이 의미하는 바가 무엇인지, 또 이것이 현대의 철학상담치료에 어떤 함의를 가지고 있는지를 논의해 보았다. 우리는 얄롬의 실존적 심리치료의 이론과 방법에서 사용하고 있는 철학적 지혜를 살펴보면서 이를 철학상담치료의 이론이나 방법으로활용할 수 있는 가능성을 탐색해 볼 필요가 있다.

한방정신요법 및 치매 검사의 현황, 수가 적절성 연구

장재순 ( Jae Soon Jang ),황의완 ( Wei Wan Hwang ),조성훈 ( Seung Hun Cho ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2014 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: A large number of patients require psychiatric therapy. We attempted to determine the present situation regarding psychotherapy and neuropsychological tests for dementia in Korean medicine for the benefit of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS). The aim of this study was to aware of the current status about psychotherapy and neuropsychological test for dementia in Korean medicine. Methods: We searched the medical practice records for psychotherapy and neuropsychological tests in oriental neuropsychiatry between 2009 and 2013 using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS) database. The search categories were: IJeongByunGi (Medical practice code:59001), JiUnGoRoen (59002), Kyungjapyungji (59003), OhJiSangSeung (59004), neuropsychological test for dementia (29005). Results: 1. The number of patients treated with Korean Medical Psychotherapy increased annually by 151%. The total number of patients treated with Korean Medical Psychotherapy was 4,289 in 2013. 2. The total cost for patients treated with Korean medical Psychotherapy in the public health medical insurance budget was 268,032,000 won in 2013. The average medical cost for one therapy was 17,000 won in 2013. 3. The number of patients in local clinics is increasing faster than the number in Korean medical hospitals. 4. The age group between 20¡­30 years of age, for both men and women, is the group with the greatest density in Korean Medical Psychotherapy. 5. Neuropsychological Testing for Dementia in Korean Medicine is slowly decreasing. Conclusions: The prevalence of mental illness in Korea is increasing, therefore, the demand for Korean Medical Psychotherapy has increased recently. Authorizing Korean Medical psychiatrists to utilize Korean mental Health resources is essential. This study could be helpful in understanding the current status for the purpose of expanding Korean Medical Psychotherapy.

불교의 심리치료적 활용에 대한 이론적 접근 ─초기불교를 중심으로

최영효 불교학연구회 2010 불교학연구 Vol.27 No.-

The integration of psychotherapy and Buddhism has recently received signifigant interest. This interest shows a tendency in emphasizing the psychological aspects of Buddhist teachings. Many psychologists suggest that Buddhism can viewed as a type of psychology because Buddhism addresses the subjects of sense, perception, emotion, motivation, cognition, mind, and consciousness. For this aspect, some psychotherapists have interpreted and applied Buddhism as a type of psychotherapy. Among these, an application of mindfulness has been interested. At present, little doubt remains on the value of psychotherapy of mindfulness; in addition, the subjects of study have also focused on the aspects of application rather than the aspects of effect. Many researchers observed that Buddhism has many factors that can be applied to psychotherapy and tried to find common factors between Buddhist teachings and modern psychotherapy. This thesis studies how the psychological aspects of Buddhism are understood in Early Buddhism. This work provides basic sources of the difficult integration of the two ideas by showing the similarities and differences in both the terms and concepts of the two ideas of Buddhism and psychology. This study examined Early Buddhism from view of the psychological interpretation of Buddhism that centers on three main psychotherapy approaches in the West, psychoanalysis, humanist psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy. Buddhism and psychotherapy have many similarities in that they point to solving sufferings in life. Samsara and the Four Noble Truths are compared in a comparative study of psychoanalysis and Buddhism. A comparative study of humanist psychotherapy and Buddhism shows that the two things have some commonality in emphasizing respect for others and recognizing human potential; however, both show some differences on the sphere of suffering, the view of self, and the object. 근래에 들어 심리치료와 불교의 통합에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 관심은 불교가 심리치료로 활용될 수 있는 많은 요소들을 가지고 있다는 점에 주목하여 불교의 가르침과 현대 심리치료 사이의 공통분모를 찾으려 노력하였다. 본고에서는 이러한 연구들에 나타난 불교의 심리학적 해석이 초기불교에서 어떻게 이해 될 수 있는지를 비교해보고자 하였다. 이러한 작업은 두 전통을 통합 활용하는데 있어 가장 큰 어려움으로 자주 제시되는 용어의 통합 문제 및 개념의 공통점과 차이점을 좀 더 분명하게 드러내주어, 두 전통의 통합에 기초적인 소스를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 본고에서는 서구의 주요 심리치료인 정신분석, 인본주의, 인지-행동치료의 세 가지 접근법을 중심으로 불교의 심리학적 해석에 대한 초기불교의 입장을 탐구해보고자 하였다. 두 전통은 삶의 괴로움의 해결이라는 공통된 지향점을 가지고 있는 만큼, 많은 유사점을 가지고 있는데, 이러한 유사점의 확인은 불교가 인간에 대한 긍정적인 관점을 바탕으로 인간의 한 측면만이 아닌 인지, 정서, 행동의 모든 측면에 관심을 가지고 접근했다는 점을 시사한다. 이는 서구의 주요 심리학이 인간의 인지, 정서, 행동의 단일 측면을 중심으로 발달하였으며, 이후 이러한 접근법에 한계를 느껴 연구의 방향이 통합적 관점으로 변해가고 있다는 점에서 큰 의미를 가진다. 인간에 대한 긍정적인 태도로 우리의 인지, 정서, 행동의 모든 전통에 대해 고려했다는 점은 불교의 심리치료 작업의 큰 특징이 될 수 있다.

예술심리치료의 지평확대를 위한 양자역학 및 기호학적 시론(試論)

최주희,남현우 한국예술심리치료학회 2022 예술심리치료연구 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide a new framework in which arts psychotherapy, which is based on the existing ‘deterministic ontology,’ can be interpreted and observed, to expand the concept of how people and arts media interact with one another in a brand new perspective. For this purpose, the researcher examined the concepts of quantum mechanics and semiotics, which can be applied to arts psychotherapy based on a literature review. Also, based on these findings, the researcher provided the triadic relation of and a new horizon for arts psychotherapy. First, how can be applied Peirce's triadic relation which is raised semiotics to arts psychotherapy? In arts psychotherapy, objects are invisible parts of the client's life. This is an object that exists and affects the client. Also, the representamen in arts psychotherapy is the expressed the arts by the client. And the interpretant of this is divided into what can be called the therapist's point of view, the client and the therapist's point of view, and the client's point of view. The newly created symbols resulting from the semiosis of each perspe ctive become the core concepts that explain the new horizon of arts psychotherapy through diagnosis, shadow works, and insight. Second, how can the core principles of quantum mechanics (uncertainty, complementarity, anti-matter, quantum leap, and symmetry) be applied to arts psychotherapy? Uncertainty and complementarity apply to the diagnosis of arts psychotherapy. And, the wave of the arts and their interpretations show complementarity. And, the process of anti-matters joins matters to offset one another was applied to the shadow works. Quantum leaps can be applied to the insights achieved through such shadow works. The last principle, symmetry, applies to change in media. It is expected that this study would provide a new direction to expand the horizon of arts psychotherapy and assist arts psychotherapist in the process. 본 연구는 ‘결정론적 실재론’에 근거한 예술심리치료를 새롭게 해석하고 조망할 수 있는 틀을 제시하기 위하여, 새로운 관점에서 인간과 예술 매체의 상호작용이 어떤 방식으로 이루어지는지에 대한 개념을 확장하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌연구를 기초로 하여 예술심리치료에 적용할 수 있는 양자역학과 기호학의 개념을 고찰하고, 예술심리치료의 삼원적 관계와 예술심리치료의 새 지평을 제시하였다. 첫째, 기호학에서 제기된 퍼스의 삼원적 관계를예술심리치료에 어떻게 적용할 수 있는가? 예술심리치료에서 대상은 내담자 삶의 부분들이며, 내담자에게 영향을 주는 실재 대상이다. 그리고 표상체는 내담자가 표현한 예술이다. 해석체는치료사 관점, 내담자와 치료사 관점, 내담자 관점으로 구분된다. 이렇게 각 관점의 세미오시스에서 새롭게 생성된 기호는 진단, 그림자 작업, 통찰로 예술심리치료의 새 지평을 설명하는 핵심 개념들이 된다. 둘째, 양자역학의 기본 원리(불확정성과 상보성, 반물질, 양자 도약, 대칭)가예술심리치료에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는가? 불확정성과 상보성은 진단에 적용된다. 반물질이 물질과 만나 상쇄되는 과정은 그림자 작업에 적용된다. 양자도약은 이러한 그림자 작업에서 이루어진 통찰에 적용된다. 마지막으로 대칭은 미디어의 변화에 적용된다. 본 연구가 예술심리치료의 지평을 확대하는 데 새로운 방향을 제시하고, 이를 수행하려는 예술심리치료사들에게 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.