Effect of vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome subunit vaccine on sow reproductive performance in endemic farms

Jeong, Jiwoon,Kim, Seeun,Park, Changhoon,Kang, Ikjae,Park, Kee Hwan,Ham, Hee Jin,Chae, Chanhee BMJ Group Group Ltd 2018 The Veterinary record Vol.182 No.21

<P>The objective of this field study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows after vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) subunit vaccine (PRRSFREE PRRS subunit vaccine, Reber Genetics, Taiwan, Republic of China) under field conditions. The study was performed in three farms with endemic infections with both PRRS virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2, a situation representative of most Korean farms. Pregnant sows were immunised intramuscularly with 2.0 ml of the PRRS subunit vaccine at 58 and 79 days of gestation (eight and five weeks antepartum) according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Vaccination did not result in any observed adverse reaction. Vaccinated sows exhibited a significant improvement in reproductive performance (reduction of abortions) and litter characteristics (increase of weaned pigs) compared with unvaccinated sows. Vaccinated sows had significantly (P<0.05) higher PRRSV ELISA sample/positive ratio and number of PRRSV-specific interferon-y- secreting cells compared with the unvaccinated control group. The results of this study demonstrate that the PRRS subunit vaccine can improve the reproductive performance of sows in farms with endemic PRRSV infection.</P>

Does additional linear ablation after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation improve clinical outcome in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation? Prospective randomised study

Mun, Hee-Sun,Joung, Boyoung,Shim, Jaemin,Hwang, Hye Jin,Kim, Jong Youn,Lee, Moon-Hyoung,Pak, Hui-Nam BMJ Group 2012 Heart Vol.98 No.6

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) has been considered the cornerstone of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether linear ablation in addition to CPVI improves clinical outcome.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>Prospective randomised study to compare the efficacy of CPVI and CPVI with additional linear ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).</P><P><B>Setting</B></P><P>University hospital.</P><P><B>Patients</B></P><P>This study enrolled 156 patients (male 76.3%, 55.8±11.5 years old (mean±SD)) who underwent RFCA for PAF.</P><P><B>Interventions</B></P><P>CPVI (n=52), CPVI+roof line (CPVI+RL; n=52) and CPVI+RL+posterior inferior line (CPVI+PostBox; n=52).</P><P><B>Main outcome measures</B></P><P>Procedure time, ablation time and clinical outcome.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>(1) The CPVI group showed shorter total procedure time (180.4±39.5 min vs 189.6±29.0 min and 201.7±51.7 min, respectively (mean±SD); p=0.035) and ablation time (4085.5±1384.1 s vs 5253.5±1010.9 s and 5495.0±1316.0 s, respectively; p<0.001) than the CPVI+RL and CPVI+PostBox groups. (2) During 15.6±5.0 months of follow-up, the recurrence rates 3 months after RFCA were 11.5% in CPVI, 21.2% in CPVI+RL and 19.2% in CPVI+PostBox (p=0.440). (3) The achievement rate of CPVI was 100.0%, and bidirectional block rate was 80.8% in CPVI+RL and 59.6% in CPVI+PostBox. The clinical recurrence rates with or without achieving bidirectional block were not significantly different from each other (p=0.386).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In patients with PAF, linear ablation in addition to CPVI did not improve clinical outcome, regardless of bidirectional block achievement, while it prolonged the total procedure and ablation time.</P>

Optical coherence tomography evaluation of zotarolimus-eluting stents at 9-month follow-up: comparison with sirolimus-eluting stents

Kim, J-S,Jang, I-K,Kim, J-S,Kim, T H,Takano, M,Kume, T,Hur, N W,Ko, Y-G,Choi, D,Hong, M-K,Jang, Y BMJ Group 2009 Heart Vol.95 No.23

<P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>To evaluate the vascular response at 9 months after zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES; Endeavor) implantation using optical coherence tomography (OCT). These findings were compared with those after implantation of a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES; Cypher Select).</P><P><B>Design:</B></P><P>Cross-sectional observational study with prospective OCT registry.</P><P><B>Setting:</B></P><P>Nine months after ZES or SES implantation.</P><P><B>Patients and methods:</B></P><P>A total of 68 patients (32 ZES and 36 SES) underwent OCT at 9 months after stent implantation. The neointima hyperplasia (NIH) thickness inside each strut and percentage of NIH area at every 1 mm cross section were measured.</P><P><B>Main outcome measurement:</B></P><P>The degree of neointimal coverage and the prevalence of malapposition at 9 months after ZES and SES implantation using OCT.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The mean (SD) NIH thickness (251.2 (110.0) μm vs 85.5 (53.3) μm, p<0.001) and percentage of NIH area (27.9 (9.1)% vs 11.2 (7.1)%, p<0.001) were significantly greater in ZES than in SES. The prevalence of uncovered strut as well as malapposed strut was significantly lower in ZES than in SES (0.3% vs 12.3%, p<0.001 and 0.08% vs 2.6%, p<0.001). Thrombus was not observed in ZES (0.0% in ZES vs 27.8% in SES, p = 0.001).</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Neointimal coverage in ZES was almost complete and malapposition was very rare at 9-months’ follow-up.</P>

Prognostic value of chronic total occlusions detected on coronary computed tomographic angiography

Opolski, Maksymilian P,Gransar, Heidi,Lu, Yao,Achenbach, Stephan,Al-Mallah, Mouaz H,Andreini, Daniele,Bax, Jeroen J,Berman, Daniel S,Budoff, Matthew J,Cademartiri, Filippo,Callister, Tracy Q,Chang, Hy BMJ Group 2019 Heart Vol.105 No.3

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Data describing clinical relevance of chronic total occlusion (CTO) identified by coronary CT angiography (CCTA) have not been reported to date. We investigated the prognosis of CTO on CCTA.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We identified 22 828 patients without prior known coronary artery disease (CAD), who were followed for a median of 26 months. Based on CCTA, coronary lesions were graded as normal (no atherosclerosis), non-obstructive (1%–49%), moderate-to-severe (50%–99%) or totally occluded (100%). All-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiac events defined as mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction and late coronary revascularisation (≥90 days after CCTA) were assessed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The distribution of patients with normal coronaries, non-obstructive CAD, moderate-to-severe CAD and CTO was 10 034 (44%), 7965 (34.9%), 4598 (20.1%) and 231 (1%), respectively. The mortality rate per 1000 person-years of CTO patients was non-significantly different from patients with moderate-to-severe CAD (22.95; 95% CI 12.71 to 41.45 vs 14.46; 95% CI 12.34 to 16.94; p=0.163), and significantly higher than of those with normal coronaries and non-obstructive CAD (p<0.001 for both). Among 14 382 individuals with follow-up for the composite end point, patients with CTO had a higher rate of events than those with moderate-to-severe CAD (106.56; 95% CI 76.51 to 148.42 vs 65.45; 95% CI 58.01 to 73.84, p=0.009). This difference was primarily driven by an increase in late revascularisations in CTO patients (27 of 35 events). After multivariable adjustment, compared with individuals with normal coronaries, the presence of CTO conferred the highest risk for adverse cardiac events (14.54; 95% CI 9.11 to 23.20, p<0.001).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The detection of CTO on non-invasive CCTA is associated with increased rate of late revascularisation but similar 2-year mortality as compared with moderate-to-severe CAD.</P><P><B>Trial registration number</B></P><P> NCT01443637.</P>

Novel epitheliomesenchymal biphasic stomach tumour (gastroblastoma) in a 9-year-old: morphological, usltrastructural and immunohistochemical findings

Shin, Dong Hoon,Lee, Jung Hee,Kang, Hyun Jeong,Choi, Kyung Un,Kim, Jee Yeon,Park, Do Youn,Lee, Chang Hun,Sol, Mee Young,Park, Jae Hong,Kim, Hae Young,Montgomery, Elizabeth BMJ Group 2010 Journal of clinical pathology Vol.63 No.3

<P>Gastroblastoma is a rare gastric epitheliomesenchymal biphasic tumour composed of spindle and epithelial cells, reported by Miettinen <I>et al</I> in a series of three cases in 2009. All those cases arose in stomachs of young adults. Neither the epithelial nor the mesenchymal component displayed sufficient atypia to diagnose a carcinosarcoma or other malignancy. On immunohistochemistry, the epithelial component expressed cytokeratin, and the mesenchymal component was positive for vimentin and CD10. Miettinen <I>et al</I> designated these neoplasms as gastroblastomas based on their similarities with other childhood blastomas such as pleuropulmonary blastoma and nephroblastoma. This report describes a probable fourth case of this unique type of neoplasm. The present case arose in the gastric antrum of a 9-year-old boy. While similarities were evident with the other cases, there were some differences. The epithelial component was more predominant and showed more mature morphology. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial component showed immunolabelling for c-KIT and CD56. The mesenchymal component was only focally positive for CD10. Ultrastructually, desmosomes and microvilli were found supporting a truly epithelial lesion.</P>

Vertebral artery dominance contributes to basilar artery curvature and peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts

Hong, J M,Chung, C-S,Bang, O Y,Yong, S W,Joo, I S,Huh, K BMJ Group 2009 Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry Vol.80 No.10

<P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>The diameters of the vertebral arteries (VAs) are very often unequal. Therefore, this study investigated if unequal VA flow contributes to the development of basilar artery (BA) curvature and if it is a link to the laterality of pontine or cerebellar infarcts occurring around the vertebrobasilar junction.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Radiological factors were analysed (infarct laterality, VA dominance, BA curvature and their directional relationships) in 91 patients with acute unilateral pontine or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territory infarcts. The “dominant” VA side was defined as either that the VA was larger in diameter or the VA was connected with the BA in more of a straight line, if both VAs looked similar in diameter on CT angiography. Multiple regression analysis was performed to predict moderate to severe BA curvature.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The dominant VA was more frequent on the left side (p<0.01). Most patients had an opposite directional relationship between the dominant VA and BA curvature (p<0.01). Pontine infarcts were opposite to the side of BA curvature (p<0.01) and PICA infarcts were on the same side as the non-dominant VA side (p<0.01). The difference in VA diameters was the single independent predictor for moderate to severe BA curvature (OR per 1 mm, 2.70; 95% CI 1.22 to 5.98).</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Unequal VA flow is an important haemodynamic contributor of BA curvature and development of peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts.</P>

Comparison of commercial type 1 and type 2 PRRSV vaccines against heterologous dual challenge

Choi, K.,Park, C.,Jeong, J.,Kang, I.,Park, S.-J.,Chae, C. BMJ Group Group Ltd 2016 The Veterinary record Vol.178 No.12

<P>This study was to compare the effect of vaccination of pigs with either type 1 or type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) against heterologous dual challenge of both genotypes. Pigs were administered type 1 (UNISTRAIN PRRS) or type 2 (Fostera PRRS) PRRSV vaccine at 28 days of age and inoculated intranasally with both genotypes at 63 days of age. Vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV was able to reduce the levels of type 1 but not type 2 PRRSV viraemia, whereas vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV was able to reduce the levels of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV viraemia against a dual challenge. Vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV significantly reduced lung lesions after dual challenge compared with vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV. Vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV induced higher numbers of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV-specific interferon-gamma secreting cells compared with vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV after dual challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV is efficacious in protecting growing pigs from respiratory disease after heterologous dual type 1 and type 2 PRRSV challenge compared with vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV.</P>

Commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 modified live virus vaccine against heterologous single and dual Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge

Jeong, Jiwoon,Kim, Seeun,Park, Changhoon,Park, Kee Hwan,Kang, Ikjae,Park, Su-Jin,Chae, Chanhee BMJ Group Group Ltd 2018 The Veterinary record Vol.182 No.17

<P>This study evaluated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 modified live virus (MLV) vaccine against heterologous single and dual challenge of Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Pigs were administered PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age and inoculated intranasally with both genotypes at 56 days of age. Vaccination of pigs with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine resulted in reduction of viral loads of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 after heterologous single and dual challenge with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. In addition, pigs vaccinated with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine exhibited higher frequencies of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 specific interferon-i secreting cells (IFN-gamma-SC) and showed a significant reduction in lung lesions and PRRSV nucleic acid within the lung lesions after single and dual challenge compared with unvaccinated challenged pigs. Taken together these results demonstrated that vaccination of pigs with PRRSV-2 is efficacious in protecting growing pigs from respiratory disease against heterologous single and dual PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge.</P>

Little evidence for association of the glaucoma gene <i>MYOC</i> with open-angle glaucoma

Sohn, Seongsoo,Hur, Wonhee,Choi, Young Ran,Chung, Yun Shin,Ki, Chang-Seok,Kee, Changwon BMJ Group 2010 British journal of ophthalmology Vol.94 No.5

<P><B>Background/aim</B></P><P>To determine if overexpression of the glaucoma gene <I>MYOC</I> is involved in the development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and if its promoter variants are associated with glaucoma in the Korean population.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Human trabecular meshwork cells were cultured in the presence of ophthalmic steroids such as fluorometholone, fluorometholone acetate, dexamethasone, prednisolone acetate and rimexolone. The cells were cultured at a hydrostatic pressure of 32 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure and induction of <I>MYOC</I> was evaluated by northern blot analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from 74 normal controls and 168 unrelated Korean patients with OAG, including primary OAG, normal tension glaucoma and steroid-induced glaucoma. A 461 base pair (bp) DNA fragment of the <I>MYOC</I> promoter region was amplified using PCR and its genotype was analysed by directly sequencing the product.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The potencies of steroid eye drops in <I>MYOC</I> induction in vitro was the same regardless of their potential for elevating intraocular pressure in vivo. Hydrostatic pressure had no effect on <I>MYOC</I> induction. A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and three single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, but no obvious differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequency of the variants between the control group and any type of OAG were observed.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our data suggest that <I>MYOC</I> overexpression is not a cause or an effect of intraocular pressure elevation and that <I>MYOC</I> itself is not associated with OAG.</P>

<i>Eimeria</i> species in cattle with diarrhoea in the Republic of Korea regarding age, season and nature of diarrhoea

Lee, Seung-Hun,Kim, Ha-Young,Lee, Haeseung,Kim, Jong Wan,Lee, Yu-Ran,Chae, Myeong Ju,Oh, Sang-Ik,Kim, Jong Ho,Rhee, Man Hee,Kwon, Oh-Deog,Goo, Youn-Kyoung,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Geraldino, Paul John L,Kwak, Do BMJ Group Group Ltd 2018 The Veterinary record Vol.183 No.16

<P>This study evaluated the prevalence of <I>Eimeria</I> species, particularly <I>E bovis</I>, <I>E zuernii</I> and <I>E auburnensis</I> that are pathogenic to cattle, in faecal samples collected from cattle with diarrhoea reared in the Republic of Korea by using microscopy and PCR. In addition, the prevalence of <I>Eimeria</I> species was analysed according to age, type of cattle, region, season and nature of diarrhoea. Overall, <I>Eimeria</I> species were identified in 279 of the 1261 (22.1 per cent) faecal samples through microscopy, and statistical analysis revealed a lower prevalence in calves aged than three weeks or less and higher prevalence in cattle with haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Of the 279 microscopy-positive samples, <I>E bovis</I>, <I>E zuernii</I> and <I>E auburnensis</I> were identified in 100 (7.9 per cent), 83 (6.6 per cent) and 27 (2.1 per cent) faecal samples, respectively, by using PCR. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to apply PCR for epizootiology of bovine coccidiosis.</P>