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Some New Insights into Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Bulgaria
( Alexandru Minea ),( Christophe Rault ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2009 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.24 No.3
The presence of a Currency Board (CB) monetary system in Bulgaria is a key factor in assessing monetary policy transmission. Using a generalized impulse response analysis, we propose evidence based on the estimation of VAR models supporting the endogeneity of main Bulgarian monetary aggregates, in response to shocks on the ECB interest rate. These results, together with the analysis of the behavior of real variables, shed a new perspective on the CB functioning of Bulgaria.
Local Electrical Characterization of PVDF Textile Filament
Anthony Ferri,François Rault,Antonio Da Costa,Cédric Cochrane,Matthieu Boudriaux,Guillaume Lemort,Christine Campagne,Eric Devaux,Christian Courtois,Rachel Desfeux 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.7
The piezoelectric behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, has been known for several decades and is clearlyrelated to its crystalline phases. Many works made on films or fibers have focused on the characterization of the phasetransitions during various PVDF processing and on its electromechanical activity by combining several techniques. Piezoforcemicroscopy (PFM) is an interesting tool to underline the crystalline forms and piezoelectricity efficiency of PVDF atthe local scale. However, this technique is little used on samples in the form of fibers and in this case, it is most oftennanofibers. In this work, two conventional PVDF textile filaments, with different weak draw ratio, are produced and analyzedby FTIR, XRD, and PFM. We demonstrate that the PFM analysis can be relevant for specimens presenting low signals duringother characterizations. Therefore, the local piezo-/ferroelectricity into the fiber is highlighted underlining the existence of thepolar phases of PVDF. Then, the effective piezoelectric coefficient d33 of PVDF fiber drawn with a ratio of 1.5 is estimated at12 pm/V.
Caroline Benzimra,Ilaria Cerasoli,Delphine Rault,Karine Chalvet-Monfray,Eddy Cauvin,Laurent Couturier,Laure Gatel 대한수의학회 2020 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.21 No.6
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been reported to be a common finding in dogs under general anesthesia. Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the esophageal and gastric contents in a population of dogs undergoing computed tomographic myelography (myelo-CT) examination and to evaluate the factors influencing the presence of esophageal fluid (gastric content, duration of anesthesia, body position, and intrinsic factors). Methods: Esophageal and gastric contents of 83 non-brachycephalic dogs were retrospectively assessed based on plain and myelo-CT scans. Age, weight, breed, sex, and the time between the 2 computed tomography [CT] scans were included. Results: Esophageal fluid was present in 19% (16/83) of the animals, and 14% (12/83) and 46% (37/83), respectively, had fluid or food material in their stomachs. The frequency of observing esophageal fluid on myelo-CT scans was significantly increased compared with plain CT scans (p = 0.006). The presence of gastric fluid was significantly associated with an increased frequency of observing esophageal fluid compared to other gastric contents (p = 0.049; odds ratio, 3.1). The presence of esophageal fluid was not correlated with alimentary gastric contents (p = 0.17). Increased body weight and duration of anesthesia were significantly associated with an increased frequency of observing esophageal fluid (p = 0.022, p = 0.021). Conclusions: Unlike alimentary gastric contents, fluid gastric contents were correlated with the presence of esophageal fluid upon myelo-CT. The observation of fluid in the esophagus may be consistent with GER. This study provides data additional to pH monitoring studies of GER and may support previous studies recommending shorter pre-anesthetic fasting periods in dogs.
Jérôme Mounier,Geneviève Héry-Arnaud,Audrey Gouëllo,Marlène Keravec,Solène Le Gal,Grégory Pacini,Stella Debaets,Gilles Nevez,Gilles Rault,Georges Barbier 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.4
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of denaturinghigh-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to characterizecystic fibrosis (CF) airway microbiota includingboth bacteria and fungi. DHPLC conditions were first optimizedusing a mixture of V6, V7 and V8 region 16S rRNAgene PCR amplicons from 18 bacterial species commonlyfound in CF patients. Then, the microbial diversity of 4 sputumsamples from 4 CF patients was analyzed using culturalmethods, cloning/sequencing (for bacteria only) and DHPLCpeak fraction collection/sequencing. DHPLC analysis allowedidentifying more bacterial and fungal species than the classicalculture methods, including well-recognized pathogenssuch as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Even if a lower number ofbacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was identifiedby DHPLC, it allowed to find OTUs unidentified bycloning/sequencing. The combination of both techniquespermitted to correlate the majority of DHPLC peaks to definedOTUs. Finally, although Aspergillus fumigatus detectionusing DHPLC can still be improved, this techniqueclearly allowed to identify a higher number of fungal speciesversus classical culture-based methods. To conclude, DHPLCprovided meaningful additional data concerning pathogenicbacteria and fungi as well as fastidious microorganisms presentwithin the CF respiratory tract. DHPLC can be consideredas a complementary technique to culture-dependentanalyses in routine microbiological laboratories.