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Dong Jiale,Wang Wenzhi,Zhou Wei,Zhang Siming,Li Meng,Li Ning,Pan Guoqing,Zhang Xianzuo,Bai Jiaxiang,Zhu Chen 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is increasingly emerging as a serious threat with the massive application of biomaterials. Bacteria attached to the surface of implants are often difficult to remove and exhibit high resistance to bactericides. In the quest for novel antimicrobial strategies, conventional antimicrobial materials often fail to exert their function because they tend to focus on direct bactericidal activity while neglecting the modulation of immune systems. The inflammatory response induced by host immune cells was thought to be a detrimental force impeding wound healing. However, the immune system has recently received increasing attention as a vital player in the host’s defense against infection. Anti-infective strategies based on the modulation of host immune defenses are emerging as a field of interest. This review explains the importance of the immune system in combating infections and describes current advanced immune-enhanced anti-infection strategies. First, the characteristics of traditional/conventional implant biomaterials and the reasons for the difficulty of bacterial clearance in IAI were reviewed. Second, the importance of immune cells in the battle against bacteria is elucidated. Then, we discuss how to design biomaterials that activate the defense function of immune cells to enhance the antimicrobial potential. Based on the key premise of restoring proper host-protective immunity, varying advanced immune-enhanced antimicrobial strategies were discussed. Finally, current issues and perspectives in this field were offered. This review will provide scientific guidance to enhance the development of advanced anti-infective biomaterials.
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Indicator of percolation transition in graphite oxide suspension containing cations
Liyan Liu,Jiale You,Haonan Zhu,Wei Tang 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.7
The percolation transition behavior occurs in the solid-liquid separation of graphite oxide (GO), whichchanges the system from suspension to colloid state and terminates the separation process. An indicator of percolationtransition is necessary to help control the status of GO suspension to finish the solid-liquid separation process. Theswell ratio, macroscopic appearance TEM, and rheological behavior of GO suspension were tested before and after thepercolation transition occurred in a specific interval of K+ concentration. Then, the physical properties of 1.00 g/L GOsuspension containing 0.40-0.80 g/L K+, including conductivity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, andabsorbance were characterized. The values of these physical properties showed a sharp change in the specific interval ofK+ concentration. We calculated the first and second slope of two adjacent points of each physical property to obtain aproper percolation transition indicator. The conductivity with the second slope up to 500% was the most significantchange among these physical parameters, which can be used as an indicator of percolation transition in GO suspension. To verify the availability of the indicator, we explored the percolation transition behavior of Ca2+ and Al3+ in GOsuspension and K+ with different GO solid content, found that the conductivity is still the most significant percolationtransition indicator. The indicator obtained in this paper is reliable under varying content of GO and types of cations insuspension, which can be used to determine the percolation transition threshold during the solid-liquid separation ofGO suspension containing cations.
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High-voltage DC–DC converter based on adaptive frequency conversion modulation
Lixia Zheng,Yi Zhu,Jie Ren,Changyuan Chang,Jialing Ye 전력전자학회 2024 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.24 No.3
With the development of electric vehicles, the demand for the high-voltage low-current DC-DC chips used in vehicle on-board equipment continues to grow. To improve the effi ciency of the switching power supply, an asynchronous buck high-voltage DC-DC converter with adaptive variable frequency modulation (AVFM) technology is designed in this paper. This work focuses on the efficiency optimization of the buck converter, and the relationship between power consumption and operating frequency under different loads. The optimal frequency range is selected during light and heavy loads, and adaptive transition of the frequency is realized during a medium load. Using a threshold voltage ( V th_cs ) circuit with an adjustable current inside the chip, the on-time of the switch is changed to realize frequency conversion. The whole chip design is based on 0.35 μm BCD process, in which the integrated LDMOS can withstand 200 V. System simulations are completed in Cadence. The results show that when the input voltage is 30–60 V and the output specifi cation is 5 V/0.5 A, the system realizes adaptive frequency conversion in the entire load range, and the efficiency reaches 88.9%. The actual performance of the chip meets the design requirements and has good EMI characteristics.
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Studies on the Temperature Control System of the Geothermal-Source Heat Pump under Different Modes
Hu Tao,Su Huashan,Hong Feng,Xiao Renzheng,Zhu Jialing 한국유체기계학회 2020 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.13 No.3
Geothermal-source heat pump technology can increase the production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption. However, the application performance of the control system for the geothermal-source heat pump is always poor; such as a larger system operation energy consumption, low efficiency, poor stability and time effectiveness. In order to solve this issue, two advanced control strategies based on the research object of the geothermal-source heat pump temperature control system with different modes are developed: one is a feedforward-feedback control based on the variable speed integral PID control algorithm (“FFC-VSIPC”), the other is a feedforward-feedback control based on the fuzzy control algorithm (“FFC-FC”). The simulation and experimental studies of the effects of temperature control system in a geothermal-source heat pump by different models are carried out. The results shows that: (1) The overshoot of FFC-VSIPC is slightly larger than the FFC-FC when the set value is abruptly changed, but the adjustment time of FFC-VSIPC is shorter and there is no static error after the stabilization; (2) Changing the rate of flow interference suddenly, both FFC-VSIPC and FFC-FC can effectively eliminate the effects of interference with adding a feedforward control, also the adjustment time of FFC-VSIPC is greatly shortened than FFC-FC, but the stability of the adjustment is worse; (3) When the frequency amplification factor is suddenly changed, FFC-FC shows a non-stable control state of divergence gradually, FFC-VSIPC shows good robustness. The further comparisons between simulations and experiments reveal that FFC-VSIPC is better than FFC-FC in terms of the energy regulation and controlling of the geothermal source heat pump. Therefore, FFC-VSIPC is an advanced control strategy, which is worthy of research and application promotion.
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