Suboptimal Relational Tree Configuration and Robust Control Based on the Leader-follower Model for Self-organizing Systems Without GPS Support

Zhi-gang Xiong,Ya-Song Luo,Zhong Liu,Zhi-kun Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.4

This paper surveys the formation acquisition and maintenance of multi-agent systems, while the communication graph is obtained without human designations. Given that all agents move along unpredictable paths during formation acquisition, the systems adopt the leader-follower model. For better expression of the graph construction, a relational tree is introduced to describe the follower-leader pairs. Then, a distributed method is proposed for suboptimal relational tree configuration. By utilizing particle swarm optimization (PSO), the search for follower-leader pairs is converted to permutation optimization. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the entire group is divided into several small groups, and the optimization can be implemented in each group, thus releasing the computation burden. To acquire the formation defined by the suboptimal relational tree, a second nonlinear controller subject to the loss of GPS information is established. The controller takes the reference in the local velocity frame as inputs, and proportional and differential components are introduced to provide a soft control. In addition, adaptive parameters are designed for robust control. By tuning the parameters autonomously, self-organized systems can work well in various scenarios even without manual adjustment of parameters. Mathematical and numerical analyses are conducted to prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.

Sputum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Metabolic Pathways and Signatures Associated With Inflammatory Phenotypes in Patients With Asthma

Liu Ying,Zhang Xin,Zhang Li,Oliver Brian G,Wang Hong Guang,Liu Zhi Peng,Chen Zhi Hong,Wood Lisa,Hsu Alan Chen-Yu,Xie Min,McDonald Vanessa,Wan Hua Jing,Luo Feng Ming,Liu Dan,Li Wei Min,Wang Gang 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: The molecular links between metabolism and inflammation that drive different inflammatory phenotypes in asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the metabolic signatures and underlying molecular pathways of different inflammatory asthma phenotypes. Methods: In the discovery set (n = 119), untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied to characterize the induced sputum metabolic profiles of asthmatic patients with different inflammatory phenotypes using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway topology enrichment analysis. In the validation set (n = 114), differential metabolites were selected to perform targeted quantification. Correlations between targeted metabolites and clinical indices in asthmatic patients were analyzed. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were established to assess the association between metabolites and severe asthma exacerbations. Results: Seventy-seven differential metabolites were identified in the discovery set. Pathway topology analysis uncovered that histidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were involved in the pathogenesis of different asthma phenotypes. In the validation set, 24 targeted quantification metabolites were significantly expressed between asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Finally, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (adjusted relative risk [adj RR] = 1.000; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.050), allantoin (adj RR = 1.000; 95% CI = 1.000–1.000; P = 0.043) and nicotinamide (adj RR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000–1.002; P = 0.021) were demonstrated to predict severe asthma exacerbation rates. Conclusions: Different inflammatory asthma phenotypes have specific metabolic profiles in induced sputum. The potential metabolic signatures may identify therapeutic targets in different inflammatory asthma phenotypes.

Colorimetric Probe Coupled to Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Dopamine in Serum

Zhi-gang Tai,Yi-ren Zhu,Yi-bo Yuan,Jin Liu,Zhen-jie Li,Zhi-hua Liu,Kun-miao Wang 대한화학회 2020 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.41 No.3

In this work, a highly sensitive method using a colorimetric probe coupled to dispersive liquid?liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for the quantitative determination of dopamine (DA) in serum. The DA in serum was concentrated by DLLME to increase the detection sensitivity and reduce the matrix effects. After the DLLME process, a colorimetric probe of silver triangular nanoparticles (AgTNPs) was used to detect DA, which was based on the plasma transformation of AgTNPs caused by strong interactions with melamine (MA). The results showed that DA could inhibit the aggregation of AgTNPs induced by MA, resulting in the recovery of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of AgTNPs. Thus, the DLLME method followed by colorimetric probe detection of DA can be achieved. The parameters affecting the proposed method were optimized, under the optimal conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained over a concentration range of 5 to 250?nM with a recovery from 94.4 to 101.3%. The detection limit was 1.6 nM (at an S/N ratio of 3). The present method was successfully applied to determine DA in human serum.

중국 소비자의 우유에 대한 안전성 의식 조사연구

류지혜 ( Zhi Hui Liu ),왕지강 ( Zhi Gang Wang ),이병오 ( Byung Oh Lee ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2010 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.22 No.-

Based on the survey conducted in Peking, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, this article analyzes the social characteristics of consumers, consumption behavior changes and the factors that influence the consumers` WTP by using Binary Logistic Model. It is demonstrated that most consumers have no confidence on milk safety because of the Melamine-tainted Milk Incident. And after the incident, consumer`s purchasing behavior has changed a lot not only on the consumption but also on the brand choice. According to the binary logistic analysis result, consumer`s age, educational level, health, whether they think price and brand are important, and their concern about the incident have significant influence on consumer`s willingness to pay for the milk safety. Based on the conclusion, the article puts forward some policy recommendations for government and corporations, such as increasing consumer`s confidence of food by improving the food safety system, inspiring the risk communication not only by traditional tool but also make good use of the internet, changing product strategy from low price and low quality into high quality, safer and more expensive products.

기본권의 민사재판상 적용에 관한 문제

류지강 ( Zhi Gang Liu ) 영산대학교 법률연구소 2010 영산법률논총 Vol.7 No.2

헌법 뿐 아니라 민법도 기본권에 기초한 법 체계에 속한다. 헌법과 민법의 차이는 민법은 사권이며, 반면에 헌법은 기본권에 관한 법이다. 이들 권리의 법적 지위와 효력에 차이가 있기 때문에 민사행위와 재판에서 그 의미는 차이가 있다. 최근 많은 학자들은 기본권의 민사재판상 적용에 대하여 적극적인 태도를 취하고 있다. 그들은 법원이 민사재판에서 헌법상의 기본권을 적용하도록 주장하고 있다. 그 적용에 있어 문제는 기본권과 민사재판의 기타 기본적 요소를 어떻게 조절하는가에 달려 있다. 법리학자들과 마찬가지로 민법학자들은 민법의 연원을 민법으로 표현하기도 한다. 법원의 입장에서는 왜 헌법을 민사재판에서 적용하지 못하는가 하는 점에 대하여 충분한 대답을 하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 의문을 전제로 헌법상의 기본권이 민사재판에서 적용될 여지가 있는가 하는 점에 대하여 연구를 진행하고자 한다. Constitution, as well as the civil law, is a system, which is based on rights. The difference between the natures of these rights is that: civil law is a private right, while the constitution is a basic right. Since the status and validity scope of these rights are different, there is a different meaning on civil behavior and justice. Currently, most scholars hold a positive attitude towards basic rights application of civil trial. They claimed that court may apply the constitutional basic rights as the basis of civil trial. However, there is a great dispute on the way to apply basic rights on civil trial. As the way of application, the problem is how to adjust the relations between basic rights and other basis of civil trial. The same as jurisprudence theorists, civil law theorists tend to associate the sources of civil law with forms of civil law. Realize the source of the law in the view of justice cannot explain the reason why constitution, as the sources of civil law, cannot be applied in the civil trial? Therefore, the premise of basic rights be applied in civil trial is to distinct “sources of law” and “forms of law” in theory, then deal with the relations between basic rights and other rules, like laws, regulations, interpretations, customary law, which are used as the basis of civil trial.

立憲主義視野下的市民社會

류지강 ( Zhi Gang Liu ) 영산대학교 법률연구소 2009 영산법률논총 Vol.6 No.2

市民社會的涵義有古典主義和現代主義之分。就當今社會而言,市民社會的含義是由黑格爾和馬克思所確立的,馬克思認爲“市民社會乃是私人利益的體系或特殊私人利益關係的總和,타包括了處在政治國家之外的社會生活的一切領域”。市民社會與國家的關係有三種模式,卽洛克式的“市民社會先於國家模式”、黑格爾式的“國家高於社會模式”以及馬克思所提出的“市民社會與國家互動模式”。市民社會的分離和活動是由立憲主義由已存在的社會基礎。 In recent years, some Chinese scholars usually cite the theory of Civil Society to analyze and illustrate the problems in civil law and constitutional law. To this phenomenon, some scholars could not help but concern the correctness of their citation. In this paper, I intent to hackle the theory primarily, so that we can clear the basic problems on Civil Society. The category of Civil Society can be cast back to the ancient Greece times. People usually believe that it is Aristotle who brought forward the concept of "Civil Society" firstly. His understanding on Civil Society established the foundation of ancient Civil Society, from then on until the end of 17th century, people understand and annotate Civil Society in the framework of his theory. The meanings of Civil Society have two kinds, namely, classical and modernistic. As far as Today``s society, the meanings of Civil Society are established by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx. Marx believed that Civil Society is the system of private interests or the summation of the relationship between private interests, and it includes all areas of social life outside the political state. The relations between Civil Society and Political State have three patterns: firstly, the mode of Civil Society ahead of Political State, which is put forward by Locke; secondly, the mode put forward by Hegel, in which Political state is higher than Civil Society; thirdly, the mode put forward by Marx, in which Civil Society and Political State are interactive. The separation and interaction of Civil Society is the social infrastructure of constitutionalism.

公法性價値規範的憲法功能與私法效力

류지강 ( Zhi Gang Liu ) 영산대학교 법률연구소 2011 영산법률논총 Vol.8 No.1

公法性價値規範是從私法的視角對公法中沒有明示其私法效力的價値規範的一種稱謂. 該種規範對于那些純粹國家取向之基本權利的實現具有重要的意義,同時,他們還肩負著構築和平衡市民社會與政治國家之間關系的憲法責任. 該種規範具有重要的私法價値,確認其私法效力,一方面可以使其避免遭受私法主體的侵害,令一方面也有助于整固公法規範的效力、確保民法和國家立法體制保持動線的流暢. 但是,私法和公法中都不適合對其私法效力作出明示,較爲妥當的辦法是在私法的規範體系之內預設相應的接駁管道,倂將平衡私法自治與公法價値的責任交由法院來承擔. 就該種規範所承載的權利而言,其在私法領域發揮權利功效的唯一路徑就是訴訟,法官應接受關涉他們的私法訴訟,但同時要對其在私法領域的流量進行控制. The value norms in public law is a kind of appellation to the value norms in terms of private law, which exist in public law and that their effectiveness in private law isn’t prescribed in public law. The norms are of great importance to the realization of the fundamental rights which face the state purely, meanwhile, they also shoulder the constitutional responsibility to construct and balance the relation between the civil society and the political state. The norms possess important value in private law. If we admitted their effectiveness in private law, they would avoid the invasion from the populace on the one hand, and it would help to reinforce their effectiveness and insure the fluency between the civil law and the state’s legislation system on the other. However, their effectiveness in private law don’t fit to be prescribed in both the private law and the public law, the more preferable means is to install beforehand corresponding integrating conduit in private law and endow courts the duty of balancing the autonomy of private law and the value of public law. As far as the rights bearing in the norms, the only route to exert their efficacy is litigation. The judges should accept the litigation in private law on them, but should restrict their flow in the domain of private law.

Molecular characterization of novel haplotypes of eIF4E family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

Shuan-Tao Liu,Zhi-Gang Zhang,Qiao-Yun Li,Shu-Fen Wang,Zhi-Zhong Zhao,Jin-Dong Lu,Wen-Ling Xu,Xian-Xian Liu,Wei-Min Fu 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.6

Two genes coding for eukaryotic translation initiation factors, eIF4E.a and eIF4E.c, were isolated from twelve accessions of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Polymorphism analysis revealed that 94and 142 polymorphic sites were characterized from allele of BraeIF4E.a and BraeIF4E.c which produced complex haplotype structures. Six novel haplotypes were characterized from the two alleles respectively. Among the six novel haplotypes of BraeIF4E.a, three loss-of-function mutations were identified in which a conserved single nucleotide deletion mutation cause the early termination of BraeIF4E.a coding product; while for six new BraeIF4E.c haplotypes, their coding product show amino acid substitution mutations on non-conservative amino acid residues which might affect TuMV infection in Chinese cabbage.

Three New Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Gladiolus gandavensis

Zhi-Gang Tai,Le Cai,Ya-Bin Yang,Chuan-Shui Liu,Jian-Jun Xia,Zhong-Tao Ding 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10

Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins (1, 2 and 3) were isolated from aerial parts of Gladiolus gandavensis,along with two known compounds (4 and 5). Their structures were elucidated as 29-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oicacid(1), 3-O-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-29-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-12-en-28-oic acid (2),and 2β,3β,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6))-β-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (3), by spectroscopic methods, and by comparison with known analogues. These oleanane-type triterpene saponins glycosidated at C-29 were not obtained frequently.

Performance Analysis of a Stand-alone Brushless Doubly-fed Induction Generator Using a New T-type Steady-state Model

Liu, Yi,Xu, Wei,Zhi, Gang,Zhang, Junlin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.4

The brushless doubly-fed induction generator (BDFIG) is a new type of dual stator winding induction generator. In such a generator, both the power winding (PW) and the control winding (CW) are housed in the stator. This paper presents the performance characteristics of a stand-alone BDFIG operation system. A new T-type steady-state model of a BDFIG is proposed. This model is more suitable for the performance analysis of stand-alone BDFIGs than the conventional Π-type steady-state model and the simplified inner core steady-state model. The characteristics of the power flow and CW current are analyzed by detailed mathematical derivations on the basis of the proposed T-type steady-state model. The analysis results are verified by experiments, which are carried out on a prototype BDFIG. The results of the performance analysis contribute to simplifying the control circuit, improving the control performance, and selecting an appropriate BDFIG for actual industrial applications.