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A Novel Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) WRKY Gene, CaWRKY30, Is Involved in Pathogen Stress Responses
Zheng Jingyuan,Zou Xuexiao,Mao Zhenchuan,Xie Bingyan 한국식물학회 2011 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.5
WRKY proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors involved in many plant processes including plant defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We isolated a WRKY gene from pepper during the incompatible interaction between the pepper cultivar HDA149 and Meloidogyne incognita. The full-length gene, named as CaWRKY30, has a 1,533-bp cDNA sequence and contains an open reading frame of 1,095 bp, encodes a putative polypeptide of 364 amino acids with a theoretical protein size of 41.2 kDa, and contains one WRKY domain followed by a zinc-finger motif. The genomic sequence of CaWRKY30 contains three exons and two introns. Southern blot analysis confirmed that CaWRKY30 exists as a single copy in the pepper cultivar HDA149 genome. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that CaWRKY30 is up-regulated by application of various pathogens including avirulent M. incognita, Tobacco mosaic virus, Ralstonia solanacerum,and Phytophthora capsici Leonian. Furthermore, the transcripts of CaWRKY30 were rapidly induced after treatment with phytohormones salicylic acid (SA). However, the expression of CaWRKY30 was down-regulated by virulent M. incognita and phytohormones methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA). In addition, the nuclear localization of CaWRKY30 was determined when a CaMV35s::CaWRKY30-eGFP fusion construct was expressed in onion epidermal cells. These results suggested that CaWRKY30might be involved in plant defense mechanisms against the diverse pathogen infection.
Channel modeling based on multilayer artificial neural network in metro tunnel environments
Jingyuan Qian,Asad Saleem,Guoxin Zheng Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2023 ETRI Journal Vol.45 No.4
Traditional deterministic channel modeling is accurate in prediction, but due to its complexity, improving computational efficiency remains a challenge. In an alternative approach, we investigated a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) to predict large-scale and small-scale channel characteristics in metro tunnels. Simulated high-precision training datasets were obtained by combining measurement campaign with a ray tracing (RT) method in a metro tunnel. Performance on the training data was used to determine the number of hidden layers and neurons of the multilayer ANN. The proposed multilayer ANN performed efficiently (10 s for training; 0.19 ms for prediction), and accurately, with better approximation of the RT data than the single-layer ANN. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of path loss (2.82 dB), root mean square delay spread (0.61 ns), azimuth angle spread (3.06°), and elevation angle spread (1.22°) were impressive. These results demonstrate the superior computing efficiency and model complexity of ANNs.
Liao Hongdong,Wen Xiangyu,Deng Xuelei,Wu Yonghong,Xu Jianping,Li Xin,Zhou Shudong,Li Xuefeng,Zhu Chunhui,Luo Feng,Ma Yanqing,Zheng Jingyuan 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.5
Infection by Sclerotium rolfsii will cause serious disease and lead to significant economic losses in chili pepper. In this study, the response of pepper during S. rolfsii infection was explored by electron microscopy, physiological determination and integrated proteome and metabolome analyses. Our results showed that the stomata of pepper stems were important portals for S. rolfsii infection. The plant cell morphology was significantly changed at the time of the fungal hyphae just contacting (T1) or surrounding (T2) the pepper. The chlorophyll, carotenoid, and MDA contents and the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT were markedly upregulated at T1 and T2. Approximately 4129 proteins and 823 metabolites were clearly identified in proteome and metabolome analyses, respectively. A change in 396 proteins and 54 metabolites in pepper stem tissues was observed at T1 compared with 438 proteins and 53 metabolites at T2. The proteins and metabolites related to photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in chloroplasts and mitochondria were disproportionally affected by S. rolfsii infection, impacting carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. This study provided new insights into the response mechanism in pepper stems during S. rolfsii infection, which can guide future work on fungal disease resistance breeding in pepper.