Study of adverse drug reactions in pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Maqbool, Mudasir,Zehravi, Mehrukh,Maqbool, Rubeena,Ara, Irfat Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.2

Background: ADRs (adverse drug reactions) are becoming a vital aspect of patient care and assessment. ADRs account for about 2% of all hospitalizations, according to the incidence rate. Medications with a narrow therapeutic index need ADR control rather than others. ADR research is required to determine the prevalence of ADRs in medical inpatients, estimate the impact of ADRs to hospital admissions, classify the types of ADRs found, identify possibly contributing risk factors, as well as estimate the costs of ADRs in terms of ADR-related excess stay in the hospital. For several years, theophylline has been used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline-related adverse events (ADRs) were found to be 4.71 percent of the time, with nausea, anorexia (loss of appetite), and palpitation being the most common. Objective: The main objective of the study was to study adverse drug reactions in pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Methodology: For an eight-month period, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. ADRs that occurred in the ward were closely tracked, and the collected reports were analyzed for demographic profile, type of ADRs, ADR occurrence and drug causing ADR, severity assessment, and ADR management. Results: During the study period, 420 patients' records were obtained from the pulmonary medicine department of a Tertiary care hospital. ADRs were registered in 60 of the patients. The demographics of ADR patients were analyzed, and it was discovered that the prevalence of ADR was highest in the age group of 50-59 years (21 out of 60) and lowest in the age group of <=19 years. The therapeutic drug groups most often involved in ADRs were investigated. The most common culprits among the medications are first-line TB drugs, which account for 21(35%) ADRs, corticosteroids, which account for 9 (15%) ADRs and other drugs used for different indications, such as ipratropium, furosemide, tramadol, and so on, which account for 30 (50%) ADRs. Hepatitis, loss of appetite, nausea, and vertigo were the most widely recorded ADRs in this study. Conclusion: ADRs are more prevalent in the elderly, and first-line TB drugs are more often implicated. The majority of the reactions were moderate. As a result, early identification, assessment, and control of ADRs are critical for reducing patient harm and improving public health.

An Overview about Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Short Communication

Mudasir Maqbool,Mehrukh Zehravi,Rubeena Maqbool,Irfat Ara 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.3

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become one of the major public health problems for both mothers and children globally. Internationally, the frequency of excess weight and obesity has risen dramatically in women of childbearing age. There seems to be a greater risk of having GDM in overweight or obese women, resulting in problems during pregnancy, birth and neonatal development. Hospital management is a problem for obese pregnant females with GDM and places extra burdens on the healthcare sector. GDM can result in possible risks to the wellbeing of the mother, fetus, and infant, as well as clinically significant negative effects on the mental health of the mother. For females and their developing babies, diabetes may cause problems during pregnancy. Unsatisfactory diabetes control enhances the risk of complications and other birth related issues during pregnancy. It may also cause a woman to suffer severe complications. Numerous maternal and fetal effects are associated with GDM and multiple detection and management methods are also pursued globally in order to reduce the burden of health. An overview of gestational diabetes treatment is given in this review.

An In sight into Novel Drug Delivery System: In Situ Gels

Bashir, Rabiah,Maqbool, Mudasir,Ara, Irfat,Zehravi, Mehrukh Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.1

In situ gelling devices, as they enter the body, are dosage forms in the shape of the sol but turn into gel types under physiological circumstances. Transition from sol to gel is contingent on one or a mixture of diverse stimuli, such as transition of pH control of temperature, irradiation by UV, by the occurrence of certain ions or molecules. Such characteristic features may be commonly employed in drug delivery systems for the production of bioactive molecules for continuous delivery vehicles. The technique of in situ gelling has been shown to be impactful in enhancing the potency of local or systemic drugs supplied by non-parenteral pathways, increasing their period of residence at the absorption site. Formulation efficacy is further improved with the use of mucoadhesive agents or the use of polymers with both in situ gelling properties and the ability to bind with the mucosa/mucus. The most popular and common approach in recent years has provided by the use of polymers with different in situ gelation mechanisms for synergistic action between polymers in the same formulation. In situ gelling medicine systems in recent decades have received considerable interest. Until administration, it is in a sol-zone and is able to form gels in response to various endogenous factors, for e.g elevated temperature, pH changes and ions. Such systems can be used in various ways for local or systemic supply of drugs and successfully also as vehicles for drug-induced nano- and micro-particles. In this review we will discuss about various aspects about use of these in situ gels as novel drug delivery systems.

Phytochemical Standardization and Anti-Anxiety (Izterab-e-Nafsani) study of Aftimoon Hindi (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.) on An Animal Model

Irfat Ara,Mohd Afsahul Kalam,Mudasir Maqbool,Mehrukh Zehravi 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.3

Background: Cuscuta reflexa Roxb is a member of the Cuscutaceae family, and in Unani medicine, it is known as Aftimoon. It is a parasitic plant that can be found growing abundantly on various host plants in India up to 3000 metres in altitude during the rainy season. Unani physicians have been using it for years to cure a variety of illnesses, including psychiatric illnesses like melancholia, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. It has been used to cure hepatitis, palpitations, and skin disorders, among other things. Objective of the study: To evaluate anti-anxiety effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb in Swiss Albino mice of either sex. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Swiss Albino mice weighing 25-35 g were used in this study. Animals were chosen at random and held in their cages for at least 7 days in a standard setting. Group A was given regular saline as a vehicle, Group B was given a hydro alcoholic extract of the lower dose of the test drug, Group C was given a hydro alcoholic extract of the higher dose of the test drug, and Group D was given the standard drug Diazepam 5 mg/kg orally. Aftimoon as hydro alcoholic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body wt.) was given in single and double doses and observed for 7 days. Results: For each parameter in each category, mean and standard deviations were computed. For multiple group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used, followed by Turkey's post hoc test. (p<0.05) was used as the significance standard. Conclusion: These results advocate that the Aftimoon as double dose (400 mg/kg body wt.) revealed anti-anxiety effect similar to standard drug.

Comparison of different classes of drugs for Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): A brief communication

Malik, Jonaid Ahmad,Maqbool, Mudasir,Hajam, Tawseef Ahmad,Khan, Muhammad Abrar,Zehravi, Mehrukh Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.2

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a class of conditions consisting of NSTEMI (non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction), STEMI (ST-elevated myocardial infarction), unstable angina, ranging from myocardial ischaemic states, as well as there is usually a mismatch with respect to both blood supply and blood demand marked by chest pain. Indian patients with ACS have a higher STEMI score than patients of established countries'. Since most of these patients were poor, they were less likely to receive adequate therapy and had a higher death rate of 30 days. In India, ACS patients appear to be young from low socioeconomic backgrounds and have higher ST-elevated MI ratesthan do patients of established countries'. In India, patients get late medical treatment and inadequate access to proven therapies. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cigarette use and a family history of atherosclerotic disease are important risk factors attributed to ACS. Most of the general therapy for ACS focuses on reducing myocardial ischemia and pain suppression. Because of the time dependence of the condition, the onset of signs and arrival at the hospital for the treatment of ACS is very important. This time gap between the onset of symptoms and hospital appearance is larger in India relative to western countries. This paper will concentrate on ACS management and a brief on comparative study of various groups of drugs available with regard to clinical trials and guidelines, respectively.