Effect of Lambda Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monocrotophos (Organophosphate) on Cholinesterase Activity in Liver, Kidney and Brain of Rana cyanophlyctis

Khan, M.Zaheer,Zaheer, Maria,Fatima, Farina The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2003 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.7 No.2

The present studies investigate the induced effects of two pesticides lambda cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and monocrotophos (organophosphate) on Rana cyanophlyctis (common skittering frog). Two different concentrations i.e. 0.1 and 1% were used and cholinesterase activity was observed in liver, kidney and brain of these frogs. It was decreased upto 34.6 and 46.3% in liver, 25.08 and 57.1% in kidney and 31.64 and 50.7% in brain under the effect of lambda cyhalothrin. In the case of monocrotophos treatment, cholinesterase decreased upto 37.7 and 57.7% in liver,57.5 and 67.5% in kidney and 47.6 and 65.9% in brain, respectively.

Effect of Particulate Matter on Human Health, Prevention, and Imaging Using PET or SPECT

Zaheer, Javeria,Jeon, Jongho,Lee, Seung-Bok,Kim, Jin Su Korean Society of Medical Physics 2018 의학물리 Vol.29 No.3

Particulate matter (PM) in dust causes serious pathological conditions, and it has been considered a critical health issue for many years. Respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic inflammation, are the most common illnesses due to PM that appears as dust. There is evidence that cardiovascular and neurological abnormalities are caused by PM. Although an extensive amount of work has been conducted on this topic, including studies on the nature of the particles, particle size measurements, particle distribution upon inhalation, the health effects of fine particles, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, to this date, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge in these areas. Therefore, the identification of the key components that cause diseases owing to PM, and the specific diagnoses of the diseases, is important. This review will explore the current literature on the origin and nature of PM and their effects on human health. In addition, it will also highlight the approaches that have been adopted in order to diagnose the effects of PM using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).

Submucosal endoscopy: the present and future

Zaheer Nabi,Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.1

Submucosal endoscopy or third-space endoscopy utilizes the potential space between the mucosal and muscularis layers of the gastrointestinaltract to execute therapeutic interventions for various diseases. Over the last decade, endoscopic access to the submucosalspace has revolutionized the field of therapeutic endoscopy. Submucosal endoscopy was originally used to perform endoscopic myotomyin patients with achalasia cardia, and its use has grown exponentially since. Currently, submucosal endoscopy is widely used to resectsubepithelial tumors and to manage refractory gastroparesis and Zenker’s diverticulum. While the utility of submucosal endoscopyhas stood the test of time in esophageal motility disorders and subepithelial tumors, its durability remains to be established in conditionssuch as Zenker’s diverticulum and refractory gastroparesis. Other emerging indications for submucosal endoscopy include esophagealepiphrenic diverticulum, Hirschsprung’s disease, and esophageal strictures not amenable to conventional endoscopic treatment. The potential of submucosal endoscopy to provide easy and safe access to the mediastinum and peritoneal spaces may open doors tonovel indications and rejuvenate the interest of endoscopists in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in the future. This reviewfocuses on the current spectrum, recent updates, and future direction of submucosal endoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract.

Endoscopic management of Combined Biliary and Duodenal Obstruction

Zaheer Nabi,D. Nageshwar Reddy 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.1

Combined obstruction of the bile duct and duodenum is a common occurrence in periampullary malignancies. The obstruction ofgastric outlet or duodenum can follow, occur simultaneously, or precede biliary obstruction. The prognosis in patients with combinedobstruction is particularly poor. Therefore, minimally invasive palliation is preferred in these patients to avoid morbidity associatedwith surgery. Endoscopic palliation is preferred to surgical bypass due to similar efficacy, less morbidity, and shorter hospital stay. The success of endoscopic palliation depends on the type of bilioduodenal stenosis and the presence of previously placed duodenalmetal stents. Biliary cannulation is diffcult in type II bilioduodenal strictures where the duodenal stenosis is located at the level ofthe papilla. Consequentially, technical and clinical success is lower in these patients than in those with type I and III bilioduodenalstrictures. However, in cases with failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the introduction of endoscopicultrasound for biliary drainage, the success of endoscopic bilioduodenal bypass is likely to increase further. The safety and effcacy ofendoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage has been documented in multiple studies. With the development of dedicated accessories andstandardization of drainage techniques, the role of endoscopic ultrasound is likely to expand further in cases with double obstruction.

Quantification of Esophageal Angulation in Sigmoid Achalasia: Are We There Yet?

( Zaheer Nabi ),( D Nageshwar Reddy ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.4

Outcomes of Endoscopic Drainage in Children with Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zaheer Nabi,Rupjyoti Talukdar,Sundeep Lakhtakia,D. Nageshwar Reddy 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.3

Purpose: Endoscopic drainage is an established treatment modality for adult patients with pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). Available data regarding the efficacy and safety of endoscopic drainage in pediatric patients are limited. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyze the outcomes of endoscopic drainage in children with PFCs. Methods: A literature search was performed in Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies on the outcomes of endoscopic drainage with or without endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guidance in pediatric patients with PFCs from inception to May 2021. The study’s primary objective was clinical success, defined as resolution of PFCs. The secondary outcomes included technical success, adverse events, and recurrence rates. Results: Fourteen studies (187 children, 70.3% male) were included in this review. The subtypes of fluid collection included pseudocysts (60.3%) and walled-off necrosis (39.7%). The pooled technical success rates in studies where drainage of PFCs were performed with and without EUS guidance were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.6–98%; I2=0) and 93.9% (95% CI, 82.6–98%; I2=0), respectively. The pooled clinical success after one and two endoscopic interventions were 88.7% (95% CI, 82.7–92.9%; I2=0) and 92.3% (95% CI, 87.4–95.4%; I2=0), respectively. The pooled rate of major adverse events was 6.3% (95% CI, 3.3–11.4%; I2=0). The pooled rate of recurrent PFCs after endoscopic drainage was 10.4% (95% CI, 6.1–17.1%; I2=0). Conclusion: Endoscopic drainage is safe and effective in children with PFCs. However, future studies are required to compare endoscopic and EUS-guided drainage of PFCs in children.

Effect of diameter of MWCNT reinforcements on the mechanical properties of cement composites

Zaheer, Mohd Moonis,Jafri, Mohd Shamsuddin,Sharma, Ravi Techno-Press 2019 Advances in concrete construction Vol.8 No.3

Application of nanotechnology can be used to tailor made cementitious composites owing to small dimension and physical behaviour of resulting hydration products. Because of high aspect ratio and extremely high strength, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are perfect reinforcing materials. Hence, there is a great prospect to use CNTs in developing new generation cementitious materials. In the present paper, a parametric study has been conducted on cementitious composites reinforced by two types of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) designated as Type I CNT (10-20 nm outer dia.) and Type II CNT (30-50 nm outer dia.) with various concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% by weight of cement. To evaluate important properties such as flexural strength, strain to failure, elastic modulus and modulus of toughness of the CNT admixed specimens at different curing periods, flexural bending tests were performed. Results show that composites with Type II CNTs gave more strength as compared to Type I CNTs. The highest increase in strength (flexural and compressive) is of the order of 22% and 33%, respectively, compared to control samples. Modulus of toughness at 28 days showed highest improvement of 265% for Type II 0.3% CNT composites. It is obvious that an optimum percentage of CNT could exists for composites to achieve suitable reinforcement behaviour and desired strength properties. Based on the parametric study, a tentative optimum CNT concentration (0.3% by weight of cement) has been proposed. Scanning electron microscope image shows perfect crack bridging mechanism; several of the CNTs were shown to act as crack arrestors across fine cracks along with some CNTs breakage.

Endoscopic Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections in Children

( Zaheer Nabi ),( Rupjyoti Talukdar ),( D. Nageshwar Reddy ) 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.4

The incidence of acute pancreatitis in children has increased over the last few decades. The development of pancreatic fluid collection is not uncommon after severe acute pancreatitis, although its natural course in children and adolescents is poorly understood. Asymptomatic fluid collections can be safely observed without any intervention. However, the presence of clinically significant symptoms warrants the drainage of these fluid collections. Endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collection is safe and effective in adults. The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided procedure has improved the efficacy and safety of drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, which have not been well studied in pediatric populations, barring a scant volume of small case series. Excellent results of EUS-guided drainage in adult patients also need to be verified in children and adolescents. Endoprostheses used to drain pancreatic fluid collections include plastic and metal stents. Metal stents have wider lumens and become clogged less often than plastic stents. Fully covered metal stents specifically designed for pancreatic fluid collection are available, and initial studies have shown encouraging results in adult patients. The future of endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collection in children appears promising. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to establish their definitive role in the pediatric age group. (Gut Liver 2017;11:474-480)

Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy in Children with Achalasia Cardia

( Zaheer Nabi ),( Mohan Ramchandani ),( D Nageshwar Reddy ),( Santosh Darisetty ),( Rama Kotla ),( Rakesh Kalapala ),( Radhika Chavan ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.4

Background/Aims Achalasia cardia (AC) is a motility disorder, characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and absence of esophageal peristalsis. AC is rare in children with unclear optimum management strategies. Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a novel technique for management of achalasia with encouraging results in adult patients. The efficacy and safety of POEM is not known for pediatric AC. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of POEM in children with achalasia cardia Methods The data of all children (< 18 years) who underwent POEM at our center was retrospectively analysed. Symptoms were analysed using a validated score (Eckardt score) at regular predefined intervals. Objective parameters including high-resolution manometry, timed barium swallow and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were assessed before the procedure and at 1-year follow-up. Clinical success was defined as an Eckardt score ≤ 3. Results A total of 15 children underwent POEM during the specified period. Ten out of 15 (10/15) completed 1-year follow-up. Median operative time was 100 (38-240) minutes. Mean pre and post procedure LES pressure were 36.64 ± 11.08 mmHg and 15.65 ± 5.73 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.001). Mean Eckardt score before and after the POEM was 7.32 ± 1.42 and 1.74 ± 0.67, respectively (P = 0.001). Mean percentage improvement in barium emptying at 5 minutes was 63.70 ± 4.46%. All children had complete resolution of symptoms at 1 year. Median weight gain of children at 1 year was 0.65 kg (range, 0.0-4.6). Conclusions POEM is safe and effective for children and adolescents with achalasia. Future trials with larger sample size are warranted to establish its efficacy in pediatric AC.

Effect of Root Pruning on Fruit Quality at Harvest and during Storage for Six Apple Cutivars Growing under Ultra High Density Planting System

Zaheer Ullah Khan,David L. McNeil,Abdul Samad,Sung Do Oh(오성도) 한국원예학회 2002 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.43 No.1