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Tao Geng,Yuxia Huang,Chengxiang Hou,Guangxing Qin,Dingding Lv,Xijie Guo 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3
Innate immunity is critical to insects and plays an important role in pathogen elimination and wound healing. Toll signaling pathway is the major signaling pathway associated with insect innate immunity mediating synthesis of anti-fungal/bacterial peptides. To better understand the Toll signaling pathwaymediated immune response in Bombyx mori against Beauveria bassiana infection, expression patterns of genes encoding sixteen putative components of Toll signaling pathway in the silkworm larvae challenged with B. bassiana, including four pattern recognition receptors (PRRs, i.e. BmβGRP 1, 2, 3, 4), eight Toll-like receptors (TLRs, i.e. Bm18w, BmToll 1, 3, 6, 9, 7, 10, 11) and four effectors (BmMoricin 1, BmGloverin 2, BmDefensin 1 and BmLysozyme 1), were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. At the same time, the changes in their expression by RNAi knock-down of the four PRRswere also detected.Moreover, the effects of Toll signaling pathway inhibitors on antifungal activity in larvae hemolymphwere also analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of genes encoding sixteen putative components of Toll signaling pathway were obviously altered by the challengewith B. bassiana, but their temporal regulation mode was significantly different. Based on the expression patterns of the genes related to Toll signaling pathway, two sub-paths of immune signal recognition and transduction might be proposed in the response of silkworm larvae against B. bassiana infection. Besides, Toll signaling pathway inhibitor could significantly inhibit the antifungal activity in hemolymph and resulted in increased sensitivity of silkworm larvae to the B. bassiana infection, while the treatment with heat-inactivated B. bassiana could induce antifungal activity in the hemolymph and led to stronger resistance of the silkworm. These results implied that Toll signaling pathway played important roles in the antifungal immune response of the silkworm larvae, in which different components of Toll signaling pathway might play a specific regulatory function. These findings yield insights into the innate immune mechanisms underlying Toll signaling pathway in silkworm.
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Yongan Zhang,Qinghua Wang,Xue Zhang,Xingliang Liu,Ping Wang,Yuxia Hou 한국식물학회 2011 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.5
A novel plant annexin, CkANN, was isolated from Cynanchum komarovii. Sequence analysis showed that CkANN contained four conserved exdonexin fold regions, a putative peroxidase heme binding motif and two S3 clusters. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the CkANN mRNAwas abundant in leaf, flower, root and stem and that its level is highest in leaf and flower. The transcription level of CkANN was increased significantly following stress by salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl, PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol) and H_2O_2. Over-expression of CkANN in transgenic cotton caused a significant increase in tolerance to drought and led to higher levels of proline and soluble carbohydrates compared to wild-type (WT) plants. In response to drought,the transgenic plants also displayed higher total chlorophyll levels and reduced accumulation of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances (TBARS) compared to WT plants. Furthermore, the transgenic cotton showed enhanced resistance to Fusarium oxysporum via increased total peroxidase activity and induction of the expression of some pathogenesis-related proteins. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that C. komarovii CkANN is involved in drought tolerance and disease resistance and therefore may contribute significantly to the development of drought- or disease-resistant crops.
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