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Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers Based on Resol Type Phenol Resin and Fe(III) Catalysts
Yura Hyun,Haesik Kim,이창섭 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.10
The carbon nanofibers (CNFs) used in this study were synthesized with an iron catalyst and ethylene as a carbon source. A concentration of 30 wt % iron(III) acetylacetonate was dissolved in resol type phenol resin and polyurethane foam was put into the solution. The sample was calendered after being cured at 80 °C in air for 24 h. Stabilization and carbonization of the resol type phenol resin and reduction of the Fe3+ were completed in a high-temperature furnace by the following steps: 1) heating to 600 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min with a mixture of H2/N2 for 4 h to reduce the Fe3+ to Fe; 2) heating to 1000 °C in N2 at a rate 10 °C/min for 30 minutes for pyrolysis; 3) synthesizing CNFs in a mixture of 20.1% ethylene and H2/N2 at 700 °C for 2 h using a CVD process. Finally, the structural characterization of the CNFs was performed by scanning electron microscopy and a synthesis analysis was carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Specific surface area analysis of the CNFs was also performed by N2-sorption.
English E-Mails of Administrative Staff
Yura Lee,Jihyeon Jeon 한국응용언어학회 2018 응용 언어학 Vol.34 No.3
Korean learners study English language mostly at educational settings without having specific training for writing e-mails in English and then later, when their job requires literacy on English e-mails, they struggle to learn to write them for the required business communication. In order to gain practical information for writing e-mails in English at workplace, the current study explored the authentic e-mails sent and received between the administrative staff members of ‘A’ Symphony Orchestra and their overseas working partners, with specific focus on the move-schemes of the e-mails and frequently used expressions for each move. The collected e-mails were analyzed using NVIVO 12 and WordSmith 7.0. The results indicated that the e-mails were using eight moves, with four to five moves for each e-mail message in average. The eight moves were (1) to open the message, (2) to have small talk to build relationship, (3) to request for information or action, (4) to provide information, (5) to respond to previous request or information, (6) to remind of an unresolved issue, (7) to close the message, and (8) to sign-off. Other than three functional moves, which were to open, close, and sign-off the message, ‘to request’ was used most frequently, followed by ‘to respond to previous request or information’ and ‘to provide information.’ The language used in each move covered various topics relevant for their collaboration and was mostly informal and direct in manner. The results and discussion will provide useful information for English e-mails instruction.
Refinancing risk and earnings management
Yura Kim,Seonmi Kim,Kyojik “Roy” Song 한국재무학회 2019 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.11
We measure a firm’s refinancing risk as the ratio of its debt maturity to asset maturity and test the relation between refinancing risk and discretionary accruals. Using US data over the period of 1988-2015, we find that firms with higher refinancing risk engage in more income-increasing accruals management, which indicates that the firms have opportunistic incentives to inflate earnings to appear financially attractive to potential creditors. The positive relation between refinancing risk and discretionary accruals is not explained by leverage or imminent debt issuance. We also document that the firm’s cash holdings attenuate the adverse effect of the refinancing risk on earnings management. Overall, our findings suggest that refinancing risk provides an important motive for accruals management.
Yura Kim,Byeong-uk Shin 대한건축학회지회연합회 2024 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.26 No.2
Recently, while the problem of population decline has become more severe, the population of local cities is decreasing further due to the concentration of population in cities. The problem of excessively decreasing population paralyzes administration and harms the local welfare environment. Many regions and countries have tried attracting the residential population to local cities. However, in the current situation where the overall population is decreasing, more than increasing the residential population is needed to fundamentally solve the problem as it takes population from other regions. Under this social background, in the case of Japan, the "related population" who do not live in the region but have relationships and interests are attracting attention. The "related population" refers to people who have a relationship with the region and are attached to the relationship rather than the "interacting population." In addition, relationships, knowledge, and understanding of the region are needed. In other words, disseminating information about local cities is essential in securing relevant populations. This paper aims to investigate the possibility and effectiveness of securing information on regions that are important for expanding the "related population" by using user reviews of private lodgings in local cities.