Toward a unified account of the length effects in sentence production and comprehension

( Yunju Nam ),( Upyong Hong ),( Hongoak Yun ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.1

Our research investigated how the long-before-short (LbS) preference affects sentence production and sentence comprehension, including the interconnectedness between the behavior of speakers and comprehenders by manipulating the relative length of the direct or indirect objects in ditransitive sentences in Korean. As a result, significant LbS preferences were observed not only in the production study where participants were asked to arrange the pre-given sentence fragments orally, but also in the comprehension study where the eye-movements of the participants were measured for reading the complete sentences. Moreover, our linear mixed-effect model revealed that the behavior of the speakers and comprehenders were closely related in a way that the structures speakers were more likely to produce were easier for comprehenders to understand. Our results are attributable to a language universal processing strategy to pack the heads of arguments and the predicate as closely as possible, for the facilitation of argument integration.(Konkuk University** · Gachon University***)

Disseminated mucormycosis with myocardial involvement in a renal transplant recipient

( Yunju Nam ),( Sung Jun Kim ),( Seok Joon Shin ),( Hye Eun Yoon ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in organ transplant recipients. The incidence of IFI has increased in renal transplant recipients due to the intensive immunosuppressive regimens to deal with rejection. Herewe report a renal transplant recipient with disseminated mucormycosis accompanying myocardial abscess. A 45-year-old female renal transplant recipient was admitted due to creatinine elevation at 16 months post-renal transplantation. Allograft biopsy showed chronic antibody-mediated and acute cellular rejection. Serum creatinine decreased using immunosuppressants, But cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection developed and ganciclovir was administered. During treatment, pleuritic pain with fever occurred. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed cavitary lesions, we started antifungal agent immediately. Nevertheless, paralytic ileus developed and abdomen CT showed peri-allograft hematoma, splenic abscess. Lung tissue showed broad, ribbon-like, aseptated hyphae in the alveoli. Follow-up chest CT showed pericardial abscess around the left ventricle (LV) and partial blurring of the border between abscess and LV wall. Echocardiography showed diffuse wall thickening of LV with pericardial adhesion and echo-free space in LV basolateral wall. Because of the diffuse infiltration of the abscess in LV wall, we could not drain the myocardial abscess. Two days later, she died from sudden cardiac arrest. Risk factors of mucormycosis are the use of steroids, solid organ transplantation, hematological malignancy and diabetes mellitus. In this report, the patient had received anti-rejection therapy and had developed CMV infection, both of which might have made the patient more susceptible to IFI. Recently it was reported that the riskfactors associated with IFI in renal transplant recipients are recent antibiotic treatment and CMV infection. In conclusion, this case demonstrates an unusual manifestation of disseminated mucormycosis involving the myocardium. In an immunocompromised patient who is suspected to have or is diagnosed with mucormycosis, cardiac evaluation should be considered early in the course of treatment, because its delayed diagnosis may result in a fatal outcome.

Poster Session:PS 1140;Gastroenterology (Liver):Case Report : Immunosuppressive Therapy in Druginduced Autoimmune Hepatitis (DIAIH)

( Yunju Nam ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chan Ran You ),( Nam Ik Han ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Seung Kew Yoon ),( Chung Hwa Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH) is a rare entity of immune-mediated hepatic infi ammation, which is induced by an exposure of a drug or a toxic substance resulting in deterioration of liver function and arising of autoimmune antibodies. It is thought that when reactive drug metabolites combine with hepatocyte surface protein, the complex is recognized by cytotoxic T-cell as neoantigens leading to liver injury imitating autoimmune hepatitis. In Western countries, nitrofurantoin and minocycline are reported to be representative drugs for DIAIH, and it was reported that DIAIH has better prognosis and fewer relapse after discontinuation of immunosuppressive agents than classical AIH. Here we report two cases of DIAIH. An eightyeight year-old female patient who ingested ginseng, wormwood and soybean for two weeks presented with elevated liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titer was 1: 2560 and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) was also positive. The liver was shrunken in CT . She was treated with prednisolone for 3 months resulting in full recovery of liver function and ANA titer became 1:100. Another female patient aged forty four, who had taken alternative medicine presented with elevated liver enzymes. ANA titer was 1:400, and ASMA was positive, too. She is still on-therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine, but she is still repeatedly ingesting herbal medicine leading to elevation of ANA titer from 1:400 to 1:3200 and fi uctuation of ALT. These fi ndings suggest that DIAIH is manageable with immunosuppressants especially when the toxic substance is withdrawn, and that in patients with DIAIH a trial of discontinuation can be undertaken in contrast to classical AIH. Although it is not yet clear which certain drugs develop DIAIH, authors would like to introduce rare cases of DIAIH induced by unreported types of toxic substances inducing DIAIH and its progress during immunosuppressants treatment.

한국어 어순 선호와 성분 길이 효과에 대한 시선추적연구 : 도구-목적어 성분 배열을 중심으로

남윤주(Yunju Nam),정혜녕(Hyenyung Chung),김영주(Youngjoo Kim) 한국언어청각임상학회 2021 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.26 No.4

배경 및 목적: 한국어는 전형적인 자유어순 언어이지만 동일한 논리적 의미가 상이한 어순으로 실현되었을 때 이들에 대한 선호도 및 처리의 수월성은 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 도구 부가어와 목적어 논항의 이해 시에 나타나는 선호 어순을 확인하고 둘 중 한 성분이 길어지는 경우 나타나는 어순 선호의 처리적 양상을 고찰하였다. 방법: 35명의 대학생들을 대상으로 도구 부가어와 목적어 논항이 모두 짧은 조건(2가지)과 둘 중 하나가 길어진 조건(4가지)으로 구성된 24개의 문장을 읽도록 하고 시선을 추적하였다. 결과: 두 성분이 모두 짧은 경우에는 선호 어순이 확인되지 않았지만 두 성분 중 한 성분이 긴 경우에는 긴 성분을 앞에 두는 LbS 어순 선호 효과와 도구부가어를 목적어 논항 앞에 두는 규범 어순 효과가 모두 확인되었다. 논의 및 결론: 어순 선호는 중요한 성분을 동사에 가깝게 두려는 전략과 논항의 핵어와 같은 주요 성분들 간 통합 처리의 수월성을 최소화하려는 전략이 모두 반영되어 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 문장 처리 시의 부담이나 처리자의 인지적 용량의 정도에 따라서 그 선호 크기가 달라질 수 있으며, 어순 선호의 반영 시점 역시 두 문장구성성분에대한규범어순의효과가얼마나강력한지에따라달라질수있다. Objectives: Although Korean is a typical free word order language, when the same logical meaning is realized in several sentences with different word order, preference for the word order and the processibility of that sentence may vary. In this study, we investigated the word order preference on the instrumental adjunct and argument (direct object) of Korean when they were both short and when one of the two components was lengthened in the sentence using Eye-tracking technology. Additionally, the underlying cognitive mecha-nisms of the word order preference were discussed. Methods: Thirty-five college students were asked to read 24 sentences consisting of a condition in which both the adjunct and argument were short and one of them was lengthened, and their gaze was tracked. Re-sults: When both components were short, the preferred word order was not confirmed. However, when one of the two components was lengthened, the canonical word order ef-fect of putting the instrumental adjunct before the object argument and the LbS (Long before Short) effect of placing the lengthened components before the short ones were confirmed. Conclusion: The word order preference seems to reflect the strategy of keeping essential components close to the verb and minimizing the efficiency of integrated pro-cessing between critical components such as the head of an argument. However, the pref-erence may vary depending on the burden of sentence processing or the level of the cog-nitive capacity of the processor. The timing at which word order preference is reflected may also vary depending on how strong the effect of the canonical order between two components is.

어머니의 인성적 언어통제가 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향: 유아의 자기조절 매개 효과를 중심으로

남윤주 ( Nam Yunju ) 열린부모교육학회 2020 열린부모교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 어머니의 인성적 언어통제가 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향에서 자기조절의 매개 효과를 검증하였다. 연구 대상은 전남에 소재한 어린이집 및 유치원에 재원중인 만 3-5세 유아와 그들의 어머니 325명이었다. 수집된 자료는 측정 도구의 신뢰도 검증을 위해 Cronbach’s α 를 산출하였고, 연구문제에 따라 Person의 적률상관관계 분석, Baron & Kenny가 제안한 위계적 중다회귀분석, Sobel test를 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 자기조절(자기평가, 자기결정, 행동억제, 정서성), 창의적 인성 간에 유의한 상관관계가 나타났고, 유아의 창의적 인성은 자기조절능력의 하위요인인 자기평가, 자기결정, 정서성과 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 창의적 인성의 관계에서 자기조절의 매개 효과를 검증한 결과 자기평가는 완전 매개 효과가, 자기결정과 정서성은 부분 매개 효과가 나타났다. 이는 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 창의적 인성의 관계에서 자기조절의 매개 효과를 검증하였고, 유아의 창의적 인성에 대한 자기조절의 중요성을 규명했다는 데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of self-regulation on the relationship between the maternal personal oriented verbal control and the young children’s creative personality. A survey was conducted in Jeonnam of 325 mothers with young children from 3-5 years old. The data was analyzed using Cronbach’s α, Pearson’s correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. The Results of the study are as follows. First, maternal personal oriented verbal control showed a positive correlation with the young children’s creative personality and self-regulation sub-factor(self-appraisal, self-determination, behavior-inhibition, emotionality). And young children’s creative personality showed a positive correlation with self-regulation sub-factor(self-appraisal, self-determination, emotionality). Second, self-regulation sub-factor(self-appraisal, self-determination, emotionality) had mediating effects between the maternal personal oriented verbal control and young children’s creative personality. This study verified the mediating effect of self-regulation in the relationship between the maternal personal oriented verbal control and young children’s creative personality, and it is meaningful to have identified the importance of the self-regulation for the young children’s creative personality.

유아의 자기조절력에 대한 어머니의 애정적 양육태도, 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 자아존중감 간의 구조적 관계

남윤주 ( Nam Yunju ) 열린부모교육학회 2021 열린부모교육연구 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 어머니의 애정적 양육태도와 인성적 언어통제, 유아의 자아존중감 및 유아의 자기조절력 간의 구조적 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만 3-5세 유아 279명과 그들의 어머니이며, 수집된 자료는 Pearson의 적률 상관분석과 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 자아존중감은 유아의 자기조절력에 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제는 유아의 자아존중감을 매개로 하여 유아의 자기조절력에 간접 영향도 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 애정적 양육태도가 유아의 자기 조절력에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아 자아존중감의 순차적인 이중 매개 효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아의 자기 조절력 증진 방안을 모색할 때 어머니의 애정적 양육태도 및 인성적 언어통제, 유아의 자아존중감을 고려해야 함을 시사하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between mother’s affectionate child-rearing attitudes, personal verbal control, young children’s self-esteem, and self-regulation. Data were obtained from the 279 young children(3-5 years old) with their mothers. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson’s correlational relationships and structural equation modeling. The results were as follows. First, mother’s personal verbal control and young children’s self-esteem were found to have a direct effect on young children’s self-regulation. Second, mother’s personal verbal control was found to have an indirect effect on young children’s self-regulation through young children’s self-esteem. Third, mother’s affectionate child-rearing attitudes was found to have an indirect effect on young children’s self-regulation through mother’s personal verbal control and young children’s self-esteem. These results suggested that mother’s affectionate child-rearing attitudes, personal verbal control and young children’s self-esteem was important as a factors when seeking ways to improve children’s self-regulation.

직장인의 스트레스와 여가활동이 만족과 행복에 미치는 영향

남윤주(YunJu Nam),오수진(SuJin Oh),김은희(EunHee Kim),남승규(SeungKyu Nam) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.4

이 연구는 직장인들의 직무스트레스와 여가활동이 직업만족과 행복에 미치는 영향에 관한 것이다. 직장인 321명을 대상으로 직무스트레스와 여가활동이 상호작용하여 직업만족과 행복에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 첫째, 직무스트레스가 높은 직장인들보다 낮은 직장인들의 직업만족과 행복이 더 높았고 그 차이도 유의미하였다. 둘째, 여가활동을 자주 하는 직장인들이 그렇지 않은 직장인들보다 직업만족이 더 높은 경향을 보였지만 유의미한 차이가 없는 반면에, 행복은 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 직업만족과 행복에 대한 직무스트레스와 여가활동의 상호작용효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 직무스트레스와 그 하위구성요소들은 직업만족 및 행복지표들과 유의미한 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 다섯째, 여가활동과 그 하위구성요소들 중 여행기반 휴식적 여가활동은 직업만족과 행복지표들이 모두 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 여섯째, 개인스포츠 기반 신체적 여가활동과 외출기반 휴식적 여가활동은 행복지표들과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 연구결과를 통해 직무스트레스를 낮추고, 많은 여가활동 중에서도 간접 활동보다는 직접 개입하는 참여형 활동이 직업만족을 높이고 행복에 더 긍정적으로 반응한다는 것을 보여주고 있는 것이다. 따라서 직장인들의 직업만족과 행복을 높이기 위해서는 직무스트레스를 경감시킬 수 있는 방법뿐만 아니라 여가활동을 적극 활용한 방법을 찾을 필요가 있다. 끝으로, 연구의 제한점 및 앞으로의 연구방향을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of job stress and leisure activities on job satisfaction and happiness. This study was to test the main effects and interaction effect of job stress and leisure activities on job satisfaction and happiness with data that participate 321 workers. First, workers who job stress was low more job satisfaction and happiness than those who job stress was high, the differences were significant. Second, workers who leisure activities did frequently more job satisfaction than those who didn t but the difference was not significant, whereas happiness was significant. Third, the interaction effect of job stress and leisure activities on job satisfaction and happiness was not significant. Fourth, job stress and its sub-components were found to have a significant negative correlation with job satisfaction and happiness indicators. Fifth, leisure activities and sub-components showed significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and happiness indicators. Sixth, physical leisure activities based on personal sports and leisure activities based on outings showed significant positive correlation with happiness indicators. These results suggest that participatory activities, which directly intervene rather than indirect activities, increase job satisfaction and respond positively to happiness among many leisure activities. Therefore, in order to increase occupational satisfaction and happiness of employees, it is necessary to find ways to utilize leisure activities actively as well as ways to reduce job stress. Finally, limitations of the study and future research directions were discussed.

부정문 처리와 문장 진리치 판단의 인지신경기제

남윤주(Yunju Nam) 한국인지과학회 2016 인지과학 Vol.27 No.3

본 논문에서는 한국어의 통사적 부정문(예를 들면, 침대는/시계는 가구에 속한다/속하지 않는다)과 어휘적 부정문(예를 들면, 호랑이는/나비는 꼬리가 있다/없다)을 이용하여 부정어 처리의 인지신경기제를 확인하고 부정문 처리의 언어 보편적/특수적 기제를 밝히기 위한 진리치 판단과제 및 ERP(Event-related potentials) 실험연구를 진행하였다. 총 23명의 피험자가 전체 실험에 참여하였고 이들 중 15명의 뇌파 반응 데이터를 ERP 분석을 위하여 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 진리치 판단과제에 있어서는 영어를 이용한 선행연구들과 동일하게 긍정-참 >긍정-거짓>부정-거짓>부정-참의 순서를 확인할 수 있었다(높은 정확도, 짧은 반응 시간 순서). 그러나 ERP 결과에서는 선행 연구와는 다른 몇 가지 점을 발견하였다. 우선 어휘적 부정문의 경우 이른 시간 구간(250-350ms)에서의 N400효과를 확인할 수 있었지만 긍정문과 부정문을 아우르는 진리치 요인의 주 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 통사적 부정문의 경우 부정-참에 비하여 부정 거짓문장에서 P600효과를 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 표층적으로 나타나는 부정의 형태 및 위치와 같은 언어 특수적 요인에 대한 처리 전략은 각 언어별, 부정 종류별로 달라질 수 있지만 부정 처리의 결과로 얻어지는 문장의 최종표상 및 이에 대한 진리치 판단의 기제는 언어 및 부정어 종류의 영향을 받지 않는 보편적인 특성을 지닌다는 것을 보여준다. The present study investigated the cognitive mechanism underlying online processing of Korean syntactic (for example, A bed/a clock belongs to/doesn"t belong to the furniture “침대는/시계는 가구에 속한다/속하지 않는다”) and lexical negation (for example, A tiger/a butterfly has/doesn"t have a tail “호랑이는/나비는 꼬리가 있다/없다”) using an ERP(Event-related potentials) technique and a truth-value verification task. 23 Korean native speakers were employed for the whole experiment and 15"s brain responses (out of 23) were recorded for the ERP analysis. The behavioral results (i.e. verification task scores) show that there is universal pattern of the accuracy and response time for verification process: True-Affirmative (high accuracy and short latency) > False-Affirmative > False-Negated > True-Negated. However, the components (early N400 & P600) reflecting the immediate processing of a negation operator were observed only in lexical negation. Moreover, the ERP patterns reflecting an effect of truth value were not identical: N400 effect was observed in the true condition compared to the false condition in the lexically negated sentences, whereas Positivity effect (like early P600) was observed in the false condition compared to the true condition in the syntactically negated sentences. In conclusion, the form and location of negation operator varied by languages and negation types influences the strategy and pattern of online negation processing, however, the final representation resulting from different computational processing of negation appears to be language universal and is not directly affected by negation types.

통사처리 관련 ERP 성분의 기능적 해석에 대한 비판적 고찰: ELAN과 P600 성분을 중심으로

남윤주 ( Yunju Nam ) 한국언어정보학회 2017 언어와 정보 Vol.21 No.2

In this paper, previous evidence on the syntax-related ERP components was reviewed, and the problems in the functional interpretations of these components were examined. With regard to ELAN, which is known as a component reflecting syntactic violation, an inconstancy problem could arise because the occurrence of ELAN depends on how experiment stimulus are presented. Moreover, the onset of ELAN appears to precede the onset of the relevant grammatical violation. In the case of P600, the arguments concerning the so-called `semantic P600` were critically evaluated. Given that it is still controversial how to interpret ELAN and semantic P600 functionally, new ERP evidence from still under-examined language is necessary, e.g. Korean. (Konkuk University)

언어산출에서 문장성분의 길이가 어순에 미치는 영향

남윤주(Yunju Nam),홍우평(Upyong Hong) 한국인지과학회 2013 인지과학 Vol.24 No.1