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Fabrication of a thin-layer solid optical tissue phantom by a spin-coating method: pilot study.
Bae, Yunjin,Son, Taeyoon,Park, Jihoon,Jung, Byungjo SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engine 2013 Journal of biomedical optics Vol.18 No.2
<P>Solid optical tissue phantoms (OTPs) have been widely used for many purposes. This study introduces a spin-coating method (SCM) to fabricate a thin-layer solid OTP (TSOTP) with epidermal thickness. TSOTPs are fabricated by controlling the spin speed (250 to 2500 rpm), absorber concentration (0.2% to 1.0%), and the number of layers. The results show that the thicknesses of the TSOTPs are homogeneous in the region of interest. The one-layer TSOTP achieves maximum and minimum thicknesses of 650.28 μm (250 rpm) and 5.10.17 μm (2500 rpm), respectively, decreasing exponentially as a function of the spin speed. The thicknesses of the multilayer TSOTPs increases as a function of the number of layers and are correlated strongly with the spin speed (R20.95). The concentration of the OTP mixture does not directly affect the thickness of the TSOTP; however, the absorption coefficients exponentially increase as a function of absorber concentration (R20.98). These results suggest that the SCM can be used to fabricate homogeneous TSOTPs with various thicknesses by controlling the spin speed and number of layers. Finally, a double-layer OTP that combines epidermal TSOTP and dermal OTP is manufactured as a preliminary study to investigate the practical feasibility of TSOTPs.</P>
SEG Based Engineering Education Innovation: A Case Study on GNTECH-ICEE
Kangyul Bae,Geeill Jun,Namkyung Kim,Jaewoo Chung,Yunjin Cho,Keunyoung Huh,Junghoon Ki 한국공학교육학회 2012 공학교육연구 Vol.15 No.5
GNTECH-ICEE, which this study seeks to investigate and evaluate, demonstrates a new system of training innovative engineers. An essential component of this operation is a Small Engineering Group (SEG) that links professors, students and industrial experts together, to study and apply different techniques in determining the processes and products that relate industrial sectors needs. As an education program, SEG also provides a right direction for educating students, and generates industry-university link based human resources. Through these efforts, GNTECH-ICEE has effectively trained creative, professional, and practical engineers, by operating a variety of programs for meeting industrial needs and enhancing engineering education. SEG has many merits that have influenced its success so far, but the program also faces some challenges. The merits include; strong group bondage, practical ability incubation, and efficient administrative support. In terms of demerits, it is evident that sufficient theoretical education and local small-middle size enterprises (SMEs) sustainable participation cannot be warranted. Thus, we propose that initiative strategies have been helpful to maximize GNTECH-ICEE s goal of making students into multi-player engineer, but continuously financial and administrative strategies be put into place in order to guarantee SMEs long-term devotion to the program, and to help create a sustainable network between students and the companies involved.
Naeem, Muhammad,Bae, Junhwan,Oshi, Murtada A,Kim, Min-Soo,Moon, Hyung Ryong,Lee, Bok Luel,Im, Eunok,Jung, Yunjin,Yoo, Jin-Wook Dove Medical Press 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.13 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Colon-targeted oral nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an ideal, safe, and effective therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their ability to selectively accumulate in inflamed colonic mucosa. Cyclosporine A (CSA), an immunosuppressive agent, has long been used as rescue therapy in severe steroid-refractory UC. In this study, we developed CSA-loaded dual-functional polymeric NPs composed of Eudragit<SUP>®</SUP> FS30D as a pH-sensitive polymer for targeted delivery to the inflamed colon, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a sustained-release polymer.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>CSA-loaded Eudragit FS30D nanoparticles (ENPs), PLGA nanoparticles (PNPs), and Eudragit FS30D/PLGA nanoparticles (E/PNPs) were prepared using the oil-in-water emulsion method. Scanning electron microscope images and zeta size data showed successful preparation of CSA-loaded NPs.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>PNPs exhibited a burst drug release of >60% at pH 1.2 (stomach pH) in 0.5 h, which can lead to unwanted systemic absorption and side effects. ENPs effectively inhibited the burst drug release at pH 1.2 and 6.8 (proximal small intestine pH); however, nearly 100% of the CSA in ENPs was released rapidly at pH 7.4 (ileum–colon pH) owing to complete NP dissolution. In contrast to single-functional PNPs and ENPs, the dual-functional E/PNPs minimized burst drug release (only 18%) at pH 1.2 and 6.8, and generated a sustained release at pH 7.4 thereafter. Importantly, in distribution studies in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice, E/PNPs significantly improved CSA distribution to the colon compared with PNPs or ENPs. In a mouse model of colitis, E/PNP treatment improved weight loss and colon length, and decreased rectal bleeding, spleen weight, histological scoring, myeloperoxidase activity, macrophage infiltration, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared with PNPs or ENPs.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Overall, this work confirms the benefits of CSA-loaded E/PNPs for efficiently delivering CSA to the colon, suggesting their potential for UC therapy.</P>
반응표면분석법을 이용한 김(Pyropia sp.)스낵의 유탕공정 최적화
최기범 ( Gibeom Choi ),김동민 ( Dongmin Kim ),최윤진 ( Yunjin Choi ),김선봉 ( Seon-bong Kim ),박주동 ( Joodong Park ),배성아 ( Sung-a Bae ),배기일 ( Ki-il Bae ),조승목 ( Suengmok Cho ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2020 한국수산과학회지 Vol.53 No.6
Laver Pyropia sp. is the most exported seafood in Korea and is one of the most consumed edible seaweeds. The export of laver has been centered on seasoned laver products; of note, laver snack products coupled with rice papers or glutinous rice paste are becoming more popular in Western countries. These laver snacks are manufactured using a deep frying process. Therefore, the frying conditions affect the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fried laver snacks. In this study, we optimized the deep-frying conditions for laver snacks with gelatinized rice dough using a response surface methodology. The frying temperature (X<sub>1</sub>, 190-220°C) and frying time (X<sub>2</sub>, 10-30 sec) were selected as independent variables; the dependent variables were the overall acceptance (Y<sub>1</sub>, points), hardness (Y<sub>2</sub>, N), and oil content (Y<sub>3</sub>, %). The optimal values of the frying temperature (X<sub>1</sub>) and time (X<sub>2</sub>) as per the overall acceptance (Y<sub>1</sub>) were 208°C and 23.1 sec, respectively. The predicted overall acceptance (Y<sub>1</sub>=8.0 points), hardness (Y<sub>2</sub>=98.74 N), and oil content (Y<sub>3</sub> =27.69%), were similar to the experimental values under the optimal conditions. Overall, the acceptance was inversely proportional to hardness; the decrease in hardness caused an increase in the crispiness of the laver snacks.
Oshi, Murtada A.,Naeem, Muhammad,Bae, Junhwan,Kim, Jihyun,Lee, Juho,Hasan, Nurhasni,Kim, Wooseong,Im, Eunok,Jung, Yunjin,Yoo, Jin-Wook Elsevier 2018 Carbohydrate Polymers Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Oral colon-targeted drug delivery has gained popularity as an effective strategy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we prepared colon-targeted dexamethasone microcrystals (DXMCs) coated with multilayers of chitosan oligosaccharide (CH), alginate (AG), and finally Eudragit S 100 (ES) (ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs) using a layer-by-layer (LBL) coating technique. Particle size, surface charge, <I>in vitro</I> drug release, and <I>in vivo</I> anti-inflammatory activity of ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs were evaluated. ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs had an average particle size of 2.34 ± 0.19 μm and a negative surface charge of - 48 ± 9 mV. ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs demonstrated pH-dependent dexamethasone release, avoiding initial burst drug release in acidic pH conditions of the stomach and small intestine, and providing subsequent sustained drug release in the colonic pH. Importantly, ES<SUB>1</SUB>AG<SUB>4</SUB>CH<SUB>5</SUB>-DXMCs exhibited a significant therapeutic activity in a mouse model of colitis compared to other DXMCs. Overall, the LBL-coated DXMCs presented here could be a promising colon-targeted therapy for IBD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Dexamethasone microcrystals with colon-targeted chitosan/alginate/Eudragit S multilayers were fabricated. </LI> <LI> Unwanted burst release of dexamethasone was prevented in the upper gastrointestinal tract pH. </LI> <LI> Dexamethasone was released in a sustained manner after reaching the colonic pH. </LI> <LI> Excellent therapeutic activity was found in a mouse model of colitis. </LI> </UL> </P>
Comparison of conservative therapy and steroid therapy for Bell's palsy in children
Yoo, Hye Won,Yoon, Lira,Kim, Hye Young,Kwak, Min Jung,Park, Kyung Hee,Bae, Mi Hye,Lee, Yunjin,Nam, Sang Ook,Kim, Young Mi The Korean Pediatric Society 2018 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.61 No.10
Purpose: Bell's palsy is characterized by sudden onset of unilateral facial weakness. The use of corticosteroids for childhood Bell's palsy is controversial. This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics, etiology, and laboratory findings in childhood Bell's palsy, and to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of children under 19 years of age treated for Bell's palsy between January 2009 and June 2017, and followed up for over 1 month. Clinical characteristics, neuroimaging data, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed. Patients with Bell's palsy were divided into groups with (group 1) and without (group 2) corticosteroid treatment. Differences in onset age, sex, laterality, infection and vaccination history, degree of facial nerve palsy, and prognosis after treatment between the groups were analyzed. Results: One hundred patients were included. Mean age at presentation was $7.4{\pm}5.62years$. A total of 73 patients (73%) received corticosteroids with or without intravenous antiviral agents, and 27 (27%) received only supportive treatment. There was no significant difference in the severity, laboratory findings, or neuroimaging findings between the groups. Significant improvement was observed in 68 (93.2%) and 26 patients (96.3%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively; this rate was not significantly different between the groups (P=0.48). Conclusion: Childhood Bell's palsy showed good prognosis with or without corticosteroid treatment; there was no difference in prognosis between treated and untreated groups. Steroid therapy in childhood Bell's palsy may not significantly improve outcomes.