(∈, ∈ ∨q_k)-FUZZY IDEALS IN LEFT REGULAR ORDERED $\mathcal{LA}$-SEMIGROUPS

Yousafzai, Faisal,Khan, Asghar,Khan, Waqar,Aziz, Tariq The Honam Mathematical Society 2013 호남수학학술지 Vol.35 No.4

We generalize the idea of (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy ordered semi-group and give the concept of (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy ordered $\mathcal{LA}$-semigroup. We show that (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy left (right, two-sided) ideals, (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals, (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy interior ideals and (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy (1, 2)-ideals need not to be coincide in an ordered $\mathcal{LA}$-semigroup but on the other hand, we prove that all these (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy ideals coincide in a left regular class of an ordered $\mathcal{LA}$-semigroup. Further we investigate some useful conditions for an ordered $\mathcal{LA}$-semigroup to become a left regular ordered $\mathcal{LA}$-semigroup and characterize a left regular ordered $\mathcal{LA}$-semigroup in terms of (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy one-sided ideals. Finally we connect an ideal theory with an (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy ideal theory by using the notions of duo and (${\in}{\vee}q_k$)-fuzzy duo.

ON (m, n)-IDEALS OF AN ORDERED ABEL-GRASSMANN GROUPOID

YOUSAFZAI, FAISAL,KHAN, ASAD,IAMPAN, AIYARED The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2015 한국수학논문집 Vol.23 No.3

In this paper, we introduce the concept of (m, n)-ideals in a non-associative ordered structure, which is called an ordered Abel-Grassmann's groupoid, by generalizing the concept of (m, n)-ideals in an ordered semigroup [14]. We also study the (m, n)-regular class of an ordered AG-groupoid in terms of (m, n)-ideals.

(∈, ∈ Vqk)-FUZZY IDEALS IN LEFT REGULAR ORDERED LA-SEMIGROUPS

Faisal Yousafzai,Waqar Khan,Tariq Aziz,Asghar Khan 호남수학회 2013 호남수학학술지 Vol.35 No.4

We generalize the idea of (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy ordered semi-group and give the concept of (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy ordered LA-semigroup. We show that (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy left (right, two-sided) ideals, (2;2_qk)-fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals, (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy interior idealsand (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy (1; 2)-ideals need not to be coincide in an or-dered LA-semigroup but on the other hand, we prove that all these(2;2 _qk)-fuzzy ideals coincide in a left regular class of an orderedLA-semigroup. Further we investigate some useful conditions foran ordered LA-semigroup to become a left regular ordered LA-semigroup and characterize a left regular ordered LA-semigroupin terms of (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy one-sided ideals. Finally we connectan ideal theory with an (2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy ideal theory by using thenotions of duo and (2;2 _qk)-fuzzy duo.

(∈, ∈ Vqk)-FUZZY IDEALS IN LEFT REGULAR ORDERED ιA-SEMIGROUPS

( Faisal Yousafzai ),( Asghar Khan ),( Waqar Khan ),( Tariq Aziz ) 호남수학회 2013 호남수학학술지 Vol.35 No.4

We generalize the idea of (E, E Vqk)-fuzzy ordered semi-group and give the concept of (E, E Vqk)~fuzzy ordered ŁA-semigroup. We show that (E, E Vqk)-fuzzy left (right, two-sided] ideals, (E, E Vqk)-fuzzy (generalized) hi-ideals, (E, E Vqk)-fuzzy interior ideals and (E, E vqk)-fuzzy (1, 2)-ideals need not to be coincide in an or-dered ŁA-semigroup but on the other hand, we prove that all these (E, E Vqk)-fuzzy ideals coincide in a left regular class of an ordered .cA-semigroup. Further we investigate some useful conditions for an ordered ŁA-semigroup to become a left regular ordered ŁA-semigroup and characterize a left regular ordered L:A-sernigroup in terms of (E, E Vqk)-fuzzy one-sided ideals. Finally we connect an ideal theory with an (E, E vqk)-fuzzy ideal theory by using the notions of duo and (E, E vqk)-fuzzy duo.

There's No Such Thing as Free Lunch but Envy among Young Facebookers

( Tassawar Iqbal ),( Muhammad Tariq Yousafzai ),( Sabeen Ali ),( Kinza Sattar ),( Muhammad Qaiser Saleem ),( Usman Habib ),( Atta Ur Rehman Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.10

Facebook has quickly infused across cultures worldwide to become a common household term for diverse spectra of netizens, especially youngsters. Inherently, interactive in nature, Facebook provides a common cyber enabled platform for online interactions with social friends, living across the world. However, despite its merits, users also experience certain disadvantages, which include but are not limited to rise in feelings of social comparison, decline in self-esteem, contentment and general subjective well-being. This work aims to determine the role of Facebook in spreading envy and identify factors that trigger such emotions. Due to abductive nature of the study, we used pilot interviews and consulted relevant literature to formulate hypotheses. Further, we used deductive approach and conducted a survey. The results showed that frequent use of Facebook, particularly passive following is main predictor of envy, and social interaction is the biggest cause for development of envious feelings in Facebook users. However, insignificant variation was found while investigating relationship between envy and factors, such as pretentiousness, time spent, accomplishment, everything in life, likes on posts, popularity across genders, marital status and genre.

Correlates of Smoking, Quit Attempts and Attitudes towards Total Smoking Bans at University: Findings from Eleven Faculties in Egypt

Ansari, Walid El,Labeeb, Shokria,Kotb, Safaa,Yousafzai, Mohammad T.,El-Houfey, Amira,Stock, Christiane Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Objectives: Smoking among university students represents a formidable and global public health challenge. We assessed the associations between socio-demographic, health and wellbeing variables as independent variables, with daily smoking, attempts to quit smoking, and agreement with smoking ban as dependent variables. Methods: A sample of 3258 undergraduate students from eleven faculties at Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, completed a general health questionnaire. Results: Overall daily or occasional smoking in last three months prior to the survey was about 9% (8% occasional and 1% daily smokers), and smoking was generally more prevalent among males (male=17%, female=0.6%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, not having normal BMI and having a mother who completed at least bachelor's degree education was positively associated with daily smoking, and conversely, no history of illicit drug use was a protective factor. About 76% of smokers had attempted to quit smoking within the last 12 months prior to the survey. Although a large proportion of students agreed/strongly agreed with the banning of smoking at university altogether (87%), such agreement was less likely among smokers. Conclusion: There is need for implementation of non-smoking policies on university premises, as well as regular up-to-date information on, and the periodic/yearly monitoring of tobacco use by university students employing standardised data collection instruments and reference periods. In addition, it would be valuable to develop campus-based educational/ awareness campaigns designed to counteract tobacco advertisement directed towards young people in Middle East countries. Otherwise, the danger could be that the current relatively low smoking prevalence among university students may escalate in the future.

모바일 클라우드 환경에서 레거시 어플리케이션을 위한 오프로딩 프레임워크

김순곤 ( Soon-gohn Kim ),( Abdullah Yousafzai ),고광만 ( Kwang-man Ko ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.23 No.2

최근까지 모바일 디바이스와 고성능 클라우드 서버는 동일한 DVM 실행시간 환경에서 오프로딩을 통해 모바일 디바이스의 어플리케이션에 대해 실행속도 개선하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 안드로이드 실행시간 환경이 네이티브 어플리케이션을 지원하는 ART로 완전하게 전환되는 상황에서 DVM에서 실행되고 있는 모바일 레거시 어플리케이션에 대해 모바일 디바이스의 복잡한 계산 부담을 줄여 실행속도를 향상시고, 이를 통해 배터리 소모를 감소시키는 프로세스 단위 오프로딩 프레임워크에 대한 설계 내용을 제시한다.

Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase

Saman Hasan Siddiqui,Azza Sarfraz,Arjumand Rizvi,Fariha Shaheen,Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai,Syed Asad Ali 질병관리본부 2021 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.12 No.2

Objectives: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation in over 200 countries. Italy, Spain, and the United States (US) were most severely affected by the first wave of the pandemic. The reasons why some countries were more strongly affected than others remain unknown. We identified the most-affected and less-affected countries and states and explored environmental, host, and infrastructure risk factors that may explain differences in the SARS-CoV-2 mortality burden. Methods: We identified the top 10 countries/US states with the highest deaths per population until May 2020. For each of these 10 case countries/states, we identified 6 control countries/states with a similar population size and at least 3 times fewer deaths per population. We extracted data for 30 risk factors from publicly available, trusted sources. We compared case and control countries/states using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and conducted a secondary cluster analysis to explore the relationship between the number of cases per population and the number of deaths per population using a scalable EM (expectation–maximization) clustering algorithm. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in 16 of 30 investigated risk factors, the most important of which were temperature, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates, the percentage of under-5 deaths due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and diarrhea, and tuberculosis incidence (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Countries with a higher burden of baseline pediatric mortality rates, higher pediatric mortality from preventable diseases like diarrhea and ARI, and higher tuberculosis incidence had lower rates of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mortality, supporting the hygiene hypothesis.

Formative research and development of an evidence-based communication strategy: the introduction of Vi typhoid fever vaccine among school-aged children in Karachi, Pakistan.

Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3

<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>

Typhoid conjugate vaccines: a new tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance

Andrews, Jason R,Baker, Stephen,Marks, Florian,Alsan, Marcella,Garrett, Denise,Gellin, Bruce G,Saha, Samir K,Qamar, Farah Naz,Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir,Bogoch, Isaac I,Antillon, Marina,Pitzer, Virgini ELSEVIER 2019 LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.19 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease responsible for an estimated 12–20 million illnesses and over 150 000 deaths annually. In March, 2018, a new recommendation was issued by WHO for the programmatic use of typhoid conjugate vaccines in endemic countries. Health economic analyses of typhoid vaccines have informed funding decisions and national policies regarding vaccine rollout. However, by focusing only on averted typhoid cases and their associated costs, traditional cost-effectiveness analyses might underestimate crucial benefits of typhoid vaccination programmes, because the potential effect of typhoid vaccines on the treatment of patients with non-specific acute febrile illnesses is not considered. For every true case of typhoid fever, three to 25 patients without typhoid disease are treated with antimicrobials unnecessarily, conservatively amounting to more than 50 million prescriptions per year. Antimicrobials for suspected typhoid might therefore be an important selective pressure for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance globally. We propose that large-scale, more aggressive typhoid vaccination programmes—including catch-up campaigns in children up to 15 years of age, and vaccination in lower incidence settings—have the potential to reduce the overuse of antimicrobials and thereby reduce antimicrobial resistance in many bacterial pathogens. Funding bodies and national governments must therefore consider the potential for broad reductions in antimicrobial use and resistance in decisions related to the rollout of typhoid conjugate vaccines.</P>