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Charging scheduling problem of an <i>M</i>-to-<i>N</i> electric vehicle charger
Ki, Youngmin,Kim, Byung-In,Ko, Young Myoung,Jeong, Hyemoon,Koo, Jeongin Elsevier 2018 Applied mathematical modelling Vol.64 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates a real case of charging scheduling of an electric vehicle charger with multiple ports called <I>M</I>-to-<I>N</I> charger. The charger is designed for a multi-unit dwelling facility and can charge <I>N</I> electric vehicles simultaneously despite the supplied charging capacity being limited to only <I>M</I> electric vehicles. The electric vehicles arrive at the charger randomly and stay for their desired length of time, during which they must be charged as much as possible with minimum electric cost. The scheduling problem considers four objectives: maximizing the total charging amount, minimizing the total charging cost, minimizing the charging completion time, and maximizing the charging balance among the electric vehicles. A mixed-integer linear programming model and a relaxation-based heuristic algorithm are developed. Computational experiment results show that the proposed heuristic algorithm can generate schedules within 8 s for this case study by using an open-source linear programming solver. Compared with the mixed-integer programming algorithm, the proposed heuristic algorithm can provide solutions with less than 7% charging amount gap and 4% price gap. The proposed heuristic algorithm is successfully implemented in a real <I>M</I>-to-<I>N</I> charger.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We propose an economically efficient <I>M</I>-to-<I>N</I> electric vehicle charger. </LI> <LI> The charger can charge multiple electric vehicles simultaneously with limited charging capacity. </LI> <LI> A mixed-integer linear programming model for charging scheduling is developed. </LI> <LI> An efficient relaxation-based heuristic algorithm is developed. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ki Jin Han,Younghyun Lim,Youngmin Kim 대한전자공학회 2014 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.14 No.5
In this study, the effects of the frequencydependent characteristics of through-silicon vias (TSVs) on the performance of 3D ICs are examined by evaluating a typical interconnection structure, which is composed of 32-nm CMOS inverter drivers and receivers connected through TSVs. The frequency-domain model of TSVs is extracted in S-parameter from a 3D electromagnetic (EM) method, where the dimensional variation effect of TSVs can be accurately considered for a comprehensive parameter sweep simulation. A parametric analysis shows that the propagation delay increases with the diameter and height of the TSVs but decreases with the pitch and liner thickness. We also investigate the crosstalk effect between TSVs by testing different signaling conditions. From the simulations, the worst signal integrity is observed when the signal experiences a simultaneously coupled transition in the opposite direction from the aggressor lines. Simulation results for nine-TSV bundles having regular and staggered patterns reveal that the proposed method can characterize TSV-based 3D interconnections of any dimensions and patterns.
A Surfactant-based Method for Carbon Coating of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode in Li Ion Batteries
Youngmin Chung,Seong-Hyeon Ryu,Jeong-Hun Ju,Yu-Rim Bak,황문진,Ki-Won Kim,조권구,Kwang-Sun Ryu 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.8
A LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (LNCAO/C) active material composite cathode was coated with carbon. The conductive carbon coating was obtained by addition of surfactant during synthesis. The addition of surfactant led to the formation of an amorphous carbon coating layer on the pristine LNCAO surface. The layer of carbon coating was clearly detected by FE-TEM analysis. In electrochemical performance, although the LNCAO/C showed similar capacity at low C-rate conditions, the rate capability was improved by the form of the carbon coating at high current discharge state. After 40cycles of charge-discharge processes, the capacity retention of LNCAO/C was better than that of LNCAO. The carbon coating is effectively protected the surface structure of the pristine LNCAO during Li insertion-extraction.
Impact of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression on the Survival of Glioblastoma
Youngmin Choi(최영민),Dae-Cheol Kim(김대철),Ki-Uk Kim(김기욱),Young-Jin Song(송영진),Hyung-Sik Lee(이형식),Won-Joo Hur(허원주),Sun-Seob Choi(최순섭),Su-Yeong Seo(서수영) 대한방사선종양학회 2007 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.25 No.3
목 적: 다형성아교모세포종 환자들에서 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 단백의 발현 정도와 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년부터 2006년까지 다형성아교모세포종으로 수술 및 방사선치료를 받은 환자들 중에서, 의식 상태의 악화로 40 Gy 전에 방사선치료가 중단된 3명을 제외한 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 조직에서의 COX-2의 발현은 면역조직화학염색으로 검사하였다. 생존 분석과 성별, 나이, 활동도, 수술 정도, 방사선량, COX-2 발현 정도 등이 생존율에 미치는 영향을 Kaplan Meier 법과 log rank test로 분석 및 검증하였다. 결 과: 중앙추적관찰기간은 13.3개월이었다(6∼83개월). 전체 환자들에서 COX-2의 발현이 관찰되었고, 종양 세포의 5% 이상에서 COX-2가 양성이었던 환자가 24명이었다: 종양 세포의 25% 미만, 3명(10.0%); 25∼50%, 1명(3.3%);50∼75%, 2명(6.7%); 75∼100%, 24명(80.0%). 중앙생존기간이 13.5개월이었고, 2년 생존율은 17.5%였다. 수술 정도(50% 이상 종양 제거)와 방사선량(59 Gy 이상 조사)이 생존율에 유의하게 영향을 주었다(p<0.05). 종양 세포의 75% 미만에서 COX-2가 발현되었던 환자군과 75% 이상에서 발현되었던 환자군에서 중앙생존기간은 각각 15.5개월과 13.0개월이었고(p>0.05), 2년 생존율은 각각 33.3%와 13.3%였다(p>0.05). 결 론: 다형성아교모세포종에서의 COX-2 양성도는 높았지만, 다형성아교모세포종 환자들에서 COX-2 발현의 정도와생존율 간에는 통계적인 유의성이 없었으므로, 향후 보다 많은 환자들을 대상으로 COX-2 발현 정도가 생존율에 미치 는 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하다. Purpose: To investigate the degree and effect of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression on the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GM). Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2006, thirty consecutive GM patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (dose range: 44∼65.1 Gy, median dose: 61.2 Gy) were included in the study. Three patients were excluded that discontinued radiotherapy before receiving a dose of 40 Gy due to mental deterioration. The expression of the COX-2 protein in surgical specimens was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis and verification were performed with respect to sex, age, performance status, resection extent, radiotherapy dose, and degree of COX-2 expression using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Results: The median length of follow-up was 13.3 months (range: 6∼83 months). Staining for COX-2 was positive in all patient samples. Staining for COX-2 that was positive for over 75% of the tumor cells was found in 24 patients. Staining for COX-2 that was positive in less than 25% of tumor cells was found in 3 patients (10.0%), staining for COX-2 that was positive in 25 to 50% of tumor cells was found in 1 patient (3.3%), staining for COX-2 that was positive in 50 to 75% of tumor cells was found in 2 patients (6.7%) and staining for COX-2 that was positive in 75 to 100% of tumor cells was found in 24 patients (80.0%). The median survival and two-year survival rate were 13.5 months and 17.5%, respectively. The survival rate was influenced significantly by the degree of resection (tumor removal by 50% or more) and radiotherapy dose (59 Gy or greater) (p<0.05). The median survival of patients with staining for COX-2 that was positive in less than 75% of tumor cells and in at least 75% of tumor cells was 15.5 and 13.0 months, respectively (p> 0.05), and the two-year survival for these groups was 33.3 and 13.3%, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: The absence of a statistical correlation between the degree of COX-2 expression and survival in GM patients, despite the high rate of COX-2 positive tumor cells in the GM patient samples, requires further studies with a larger series to ascertain the prognostic value of the degree of COX-2 expression in GM patients.