人蔘赤腐病菌의 榮養生理學的 硏究

金倧熙,李敏雄,李榮俊 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1969 農林科學 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

As a result of an elementary study for the physiological nutrition of setting up the composition of synthetic medium in Erwinia-araliavorus, the effect of hydrogen ion concentration, several kinds of carbon sources, inorganic nitrogen sources, phosphate sources, micro metals and concentration of potassium phosphate mono-basic, Potassium phosphate di-basic on the growth of this bacteria have been investigated and are summarized as follows; 1. The effects of hydrogen ion concentration on the growth of this bacteria in the basal medium, optimum hydrogen ion concentration range was 7.5. After incubation the hydrogen ion concentration altered it's formal medium concentration. The strong acidity changed into weak acidity, the strong alkali into weak alkali. 2. The effects of several kinds of carbon sources on the growth of this bacteria, Soluble starch, Inulin and Maltose showed best results and followed by Sucrose and Mannite. Organic acid in the carbon sources was not used effectively as nutritional elements. After incubation hydrogen ion concentration was changed into weak acidity. 3. In the effect of nitrogen sources on the growth of the bacteria, Alanine as a organic compounds and KNO_3 as a inorganic compounds were respectively effective on the growth. L-Isoleucine and NaNO_2 were poor effect. Among this nitrogen sources, Alanine showed the best result and L-Isoleucine was appreciably poor effect. After incubation the hydrogen Ion concentration altered it's formal medium concentration into weak acidity. 4. In the effect of phosphate sources on the growth of this bacteria, Potassium phosphate mono-basic was effective. Sodium phophate tri-basic, Ferric phosphate and Potassium phosphate di-basic showed comparatively good results but Ammonium phosphate mono basic and Calcium phosphate tri-basic proved less effective. After incubation the hydrogen Ion concentration of this medium was altered into weak acidity. 5. As for the effects of micro metal sources on the growth of this bacteria, optimum concentration in each micro metal sources showed the following; Ferrous sulfate 100(㎎/100ml), Zinc sulfate 0.1(㎎/100ml) Curpric sulfate (㎎/100ml). Magnesium Chloride 10(㎎/100ml) Manganese sulfate 10(㎎/100ml), Natrium Melybdae-nium(㎎/100ml), Calcium Chloride 10(㎎/100ml) and Boric acid 1(㎎/100ml). Among these micro metal sources, ferrous sulfate, Zinc sulfate, Manesium chlorid0 and Natrium molybdaenium showed especially best results, followed by Calcium chloride, Manganese sulfate and Cupric sulfate. The Boric acid showed poor effects. Also in the medium to which no metal sources were added the growth of this bacteria was ineffective. After incubation the hydrogen Ion concentration generally changed into weak acid. 6. In the effect of Potassium phosphate mono basic and Potassium phosphate di-basic concentration on the growth of this bactecia, Potassium phosphate mono-basic showed the best result when concentration 0.1(g/100ml) was added in the basal medium. No addition of phosphate to the basal medium was appreciably decreased and followed by Potasium phosphate di-basic 0.01(g/100ml). The growth of this bacteria was much enhanced when concentration of Potassium phosphate mono basic 0.1(g/100ml) and Potassium phosphate di-basic 0.05(g/100ml) were added to the basal medium and the growth diminished when concentration of Potassium phosphate mono-basic 0.5(g/100ml) and Potassium phosphate di-basic 0.01(g/100ml) were added to the basal medium. After incubation the hydrogen Ion concertration of medium generally changed into acidity.

The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for Glioblastomas: Version 2018.01

( Young Zoon Kim ),( Chae-Yong Kim ),( Jaejoon Lim ),( Kyoung Su Sung ),( Jihae Lee ),( Hyuk-Jin Oh ),( Seok-Gu Kang ),( Shin-Hyuk Kang ),( Doo-Sik Kong ),( Sung Hwan Kim ),( Se-Hyuk Kim ),( Se Hoon K 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2019 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.7 No.1

Background There has been no practical guidelines for the management of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Korea for many years. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisciplinary academic society, started to prepare guidelines for CNS tumors from February 2018. Methods The Working Group was composed of 35 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of keywords. Results First, the maximal safe resection if feasible is recommended. After the diagnosis of a glioblastoma with neurosurgical intervention, patients aged ≤70 years with good performance should be treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy (Stupp’s protocol) or standard brain radiotherapy alone. However, those with poor performance should be treated by hypofractionated brain radiotherapy (preferred)±concurrent or adjuvant temozolomide, temozolomide alone (Level III), or supportive treatment. Alternatively, patients aged >70 years with good performance should be treated by hypofractionated brain radiotherapy+concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide or Stupp’s protocol or hypofractionated brain radiotherapy alone, while those with poor performance should be treated by hypofractionated brain radiotherapy alone or temozolomide chemotherapy if the patient has methylated MGMT gene promoter (Level III), or supportive treatment. Conclusion The KSNO’s guideline recommends that glioblastomas should be treated by maximal safe resection, if feasible, followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy according to the individual comprehensive condition of the patient.

The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for WHO Grade II Cerebral Gliomas in Adults: Version 2019.01

( Young Zoon Kim ),( Chae-Yong Kim ),( Chan Woo Wee ),( Tae Hoon Roh ),( Je Beom Hong ),( Hyuk-Jin Oh ),( Seok-Gu Kang ),( Shin-Hyuk Kang ),( Doo-Sik Kong ),( Sung Hwan Kim ),( Se-Hyuk Kim ),( Se Hoon 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2019 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.7 No.2

Background There was no practical guideline for the management of patients with central nervous system tumor in Korea for many years. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisciplinary academic society, has developed the guideline for glioblastoma. Subsequently, the KSNO guideline for World Health Organization (WHO) grade II cerebral glioma in adults is established. Methods The Working Group was composed of 35 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of keywords regarding diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma of brain in adults. Results Whenever radiological feature suggests lower grade glioma, the maximal safe resection if feasible is recommended globally. After molecular and histological examinations, patients with diffuse astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype without molecular feature of glioblastoma should be primarily treated by standard brain radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy (Level III) while those with molecular feature of glioblastoma should be treated following the protocol for glioblastomas. In terms of patients with diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma (IDH-mutant and 1p19q codeletion), standard brain radiotherapy and adjuvant PCV (procarbazine+lomustine+vincristine) combination chemotherapy should be considered primarily for the high-risk group while observation with regular follow up should be considered for the low-risk group. Conclusion The KSNO’s guideline recommends that WHO grade II gliomas should be treated by maximal safe resection, if feasible, followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy according to molecular and histological features of tumors and clinical characteristics of patients.

The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for WHO Grade III Cerebral Gliomas in Adults: Version 2019.01

( Young Zoon Kim ),( Chae-Yong Kim ),( Jaejoon Lim ),( Kyoung Su Sung ),( Jihae Lee ),( Hyuk-Jin Oh ),( Seok-Gu Kang ),( Shin-Hyuk Kang ),( Doo-Sik Kong ),( Sung Hwan Kim ),( Se-Hyuk Kim ),( Se Hoon K 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2019 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.7 No.2

Background There was no practical guideline for the management of patients with central nervous system tumor in Korea in the past. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisci-plinary academic society, developed the guideline for glioblastoma successfully and published it in Brain Tumor Research and Treatment, the official journal of KSNO, in April 2019. Recently, the KSNO guideline for World Health Organization (WHO) grade III cerebral glioma in adults has been established. Methods The Working Group was composed of 35 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified by searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of keywords. Scope of the disease was confined to cerebral anaplastic astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in adults. Results Whenever radiological feature suggests high grade glioma, maximal safe resection if feasible is globally recommended. After molecular and histological examinations, patients with anaplastic astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant should be primary treated by standard brain radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy whereas those with anaplastic astrocytoma, NOS, and anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype should be treated following the protocol for glioblastomas. In terms of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p19q-codeletion, and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, NOS should be primary treated by standard brain radiotherapy and neoadjuvant or adjuvant PCV (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine) combination chemotherapy. Conclusion The KSNO’s guideline recommends that WHO grade III cerebral glioma of adults should be treated by maximal safe resection if feasible, followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy according to molecular and histological features of tumors.

The Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) Guideline for Antiepileptic Drug Usage of Brain Tumor: Version 2021.1

( Jangsup Moon ),( Min-sung Kim ),( Young Zoon Kim ),( Kihwan Hwang ),( Ji Eun Park ),( Kyung Hwan Kim ),( Jin Mo Cho ),( Wan-soo Yoon ),( Se Hoon Kim ),( Young Il Kim ),( Ho Sung Kim ),( Yun-sik Dho 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2021 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.9 No.1

Background To date, there has been no practical guidelines for the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in brain tumor patients in Korea. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a multidisciplinary academic society, had begun preparing guidelines for AED usage in brain tumors since 2019. Methods The Working Group was composed of 27 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of the keywords. Results The core contents are as follows. Prophylactic AED administration is not recommended in newly diagnosed brain tumor patients without previous seizure history. When AEDs are administered during peri/postoperative period, it may be tapered off according to the following recommendations. In seizure-naive patients with no postoperative seizure, it is recommended to stop or reduce AED 1 week after surgery. In seizure-naive patients with one early postoperative seizure (<1 week after surgery), it is advisable to maintain AED for at least 3 months before tapering. In seizure-naive patients with ≥2 postoperative seizures or in patients with preoperative seizure history, it is recommended to maintain AEDs for more than 1 year. The possibility of drug interactions should be considered when selecting AEDs in brain tumor patients. Driving can be allowed in brain tumor patients when proven to be seizure-free for more than 1 year. Conclusion The KSNO suggests prescribing AEDs in patients with brain tumor based on the current guideline. This guideline will contribute to spreading evidence-based prescription of AEDs in brain tumor patients in Korea.

Even in Patients with a Small Hemorrhagic Volume, Stereotactic-Guided Evacuation of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Improves Functional Outcome

Kim, Young-Zoon,Kim, Kyu-Hong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2009 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.46 No.2

Objective: The decision to adopt a conservative or surgical modality for a relatively small volume of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is difficult and often controversial, especially when consciousness is tolerable. The authors examined the results of stereotactic-guided evacuation of SICH for relatively small volumes with respect to functional outcome. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 387 patients with SICH who underwent stereotactic-guided evacuation (n = 204, group A) or conservative treatment (n = 183, group B) during the past 8 years. The primary end-point was recovery of functional status, which was estimated using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: All patients had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of $\geq$ 13 and unilateral hemiparesis of less than motor power grade 3. Group demographic characteristics and initial neurological statuses were similar. In all cases, the volume of SICH involved was < 30 cm$^3$ and location was limited to basal ganglia and thalamus. At 6-month follow-ups, MBI was 90.9 in group A and 62.4 in group B (p < 005), and MRS was 1.2 in group A and 3.0 in group B (p < 0.05). Better motor function and stereotactic-guided evacuation had a significant effect on a functional recovery in regression analyses. Conclusion: Even in patients with a small volume of SICH, stereotactic-guided evacuation improved functional recovery in activities in daily life than conservative treatment did.

Radiation-induced Necrosis Deteriorating Neurological Symptoms and Mimicking Progression of Brain Metastasis after Stereotactic-guided Radiotherapy

Young Zoon Kim,김대용,Heon Yoo,Hee Seok Yang,Sang Hoon Shin,Eun Kyung Hong,Kwan Ho Cho,Seung Hoon Lee 대한암학회 2007 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.39 No.1

Purpose: Although radiation-induced necrosis (RIN) is not a tumor in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse peritumoral edema in a way that resembles neoplasm. To identify the RIN that mimics progression of brain metastasis, we performed surgical resections of symptomatic RIN lesions. Meterials and Methods: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 patients received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic brain tumor, and they later underwent craniotomy and tumor resection due to the progressive mass effects and the peritumoral edema that caused focal neurological deficit. On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive peritumoral edema could not be distinguished from progression of brain metastasis. Results: Four patients had non-small cell lung cancer, 2 patients had colorectal cancer and 1 patient had renal cell carcinoma. The mean tumor volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0~20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one patient, 18 Gy for two patients and 20 Gy for the other four patients. The four patients who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had RIN with or without microscopic residual tumor cells.Conclusions: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced tissue damage are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish RIN from progression of metastatic brain tumor need to be developed. (Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39:16-21) Purpose: Although radiation-induced necrosis (RIN) is not a tumor in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse peritumoral edema in a way that resembles neoplasm. To identify the RIN that mimics progression of brain metastasis, we performed surgical resections of symptomatic RIN lesions.Meterials and Methods: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 patients received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic brain tumor, and they later underwent craniotomy and tumor resection due to the progressive mass effects and the peritumoral edema that caused focal neurological deficit. On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive peritumoral edema could not be distinguished from progression of brain metastasis.Results: Four patients had non-small cell lung cancer, 2 patients had colorectal cancer and 1 patient had renal cell carcinoma. The mean tumor volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0~20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one patient, 18 Gy for two patients and 20 Gy for the other four patients. The four patients who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had RIN with or without microscopic residual tumor cells.Conclusions: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced tissue damage are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish RIN from progression of metastatic brain tumor need to be developed. (Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39:16-21)

Altered Histone Modifications in Gliomas

Young Zoon Kim 대한뇌종양학회 2014 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.2 No.1

Gliomas are the most frequently occurring primary brain tumors in adults. Although they exist in different malignant stages, including histologically benign forms and highly aggressive states, most gliomas are clinically challenging for neuro-oncologists because of their infiltrative growth patterns and inherent relapse tendency with increased malignancy. Once this disease reaches the glioblastoma multiforme stage, the prognosis of patients is dismal: median survival time is 15 months. Extensive genetic analyses of glial tumors have revealed a variety of deregulated genetic pathways involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell migration/adhesion, and cell cycle. Recently, it has become evident that epigenetic alterations may also be an important factor for glioma genesis. Of epigenetic marks, histone modification is a key mark that regulates gene expression and thus modulates a wide range of cellular processes. In this review, I discuss the neuro-oncological significance of altered histone modifications and modifiers in glioma patients while briefly overviewing the biological roles of histone modifications.

Prognostic Role of Methylation Status of the MGMT Promoter Determined Quantitatively by Pyrosequencing in Glioblastoma Patients

Kim, Dae Cheol,Kim, Ki Uk,Kim, Young Zoon The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2016 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.59 No.1

Objective : This study investigated whether pyrosequencing can be used to determine the methylation status of the MGMT promoter as a clinical biomarker using relatively old archival tissue samples of glioblastoma. We also examined other prognostic factors for survival of glioblastoma patients. Methods : The available study set included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 104 patients at two institutes from 1997 to 2012, all of which were diagnosed histopathologically as glioblastoma. Clinicopathologic data were collected by review of medical records. For pyrosequencing analysis, the PyroMark Q96 CpG MGMT kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to detect the level of methylation at exon 1 positions 17-39 of the MGMT gene, which contains 5 CpGs. Results : Methylation of the MGMT promoter was detected in 43 (41.3%) of 104 samples. The average percentage methylation was $14.0{\pm}16.8%$ overall and $39.0{\pm}14.7%$ for methylated cases. There was no significant pattern of linear increase or decrease according to the age of the FFPE block (p=0.687). In multivariate analysis, age, performance status, extent of surgery, method of adjuvant therapy, and methylation status estimated by pyrosequencing were independently associated with overall survival. Additionally, patients with a high level of methylation survived longer than those with low methylation (p=0.016). Conclusion : In this study, the status and extent of methylation of the MGMT promoter analyzed by pyrosequencing were associated with overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Pyrosequencing is a quantitative method that overcomes the problems of MSP and a simple technique for accurate analysis of DNA sequences.

Preliminary Surgical Results of Open Sella Method with Intentionally Staged Transsphenoidal Approach for Patients with Giant Pituitary Adenomas

Kim, Young-Zoon,Song, Yeung-Jin,Kim, Hyung-Dong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2005 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.37 No.1

Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the clinical outcome, the safety and the effectiveness of the open sella methods(OSM) with intentionally staged transsphenoidal approach(TSA) for giant pituitary adenomas(GPA). Methods: Eight patients with GPA were managed by the OSM with intentionally staged TSA. There were 5 nonfunctioning adenomas, 2 prolactin-secreting adenomas, and 1 growth hormone-secreting adenoma. Among them, 6 patients underwent two times of TSA, one patient underwent three times of TSA, and the other patient underwent two times of TSA followed by radiation therapy. The mean time interval between staged operations was 3.9 months except for one case. Results: Seven out of the eight patients with GPA treated with the OSM with intentionally staged TSA showed that the tumors were completely removed on magnetic resonance imaging and that they were free from headache and visual problem suffered previously. Only one patient experienced severe complications including panhypo-pituitarism, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and permanent diabetes insipidus. Conclusion: With the surgical treatment for 8 cases of GPA, which extended to the suprasellar and parasellar area, we suggest that the OSM with intentionally staged TSA is a safe and effective method in management for GPA.