Indian hedgehog B function is required for the specification of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the zebrafish CNS.

Chung, Ah-Young,Kim, Suhyun,Kim, Eunmi,Kim, Dohyun,Jeong, Inyoung,Cha, Young Ryun,Bae, Young-ki,Park, Seung Woo,Lee, Jehee,Park, Hae-Chul The Society 2013 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.33 No.4

<P>A subset of ventral spinal cord precursors, known as pMN precursor cells, initially generate motor neurons and then oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which migrate and differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes in the developing neural tube. The switch between motor neuron and oligodendrocyte production by the pMN neural precursors is an important step in building a functional nervous system. However, the precise mechanism that orchestrates the sequential generation of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes within the common population of pMN precursors is still unclear. The current study demonstrates that Indian Hedgehog b (Ihhb), previously known as Echidna Hedgehog, begins to be expressed in the floor plate cells of the ventral spinal cord at the time of OPC specification in zebrafish embryos. Ihhb loss-of-function analysis revealed that Ihhb function is required for OPC specification from pMN precursors by negatively regulating the proliferation of neural precursors. Finally, results showed that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) could not replace Ihhb function in OPC specification, suggesting that Ihhb and Shh play separate roles in OPC specification. Altogether, data from the present study suggested a novel mechanism, mediated by Ihhb, for the sequential generation of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes from pMN precursors in the ventral spinal cord of zebrafish embryos.</P>

Development of a novel microbial inoculant with multi-functional activities using a new endophytic bacterium

Young Ryun Chung(정영륜) 한국농약과학회 2016 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.4

철학적 탐구공동체 활동이 유아의 인성에 미치는 영향

박가영 ( Ka-young Park ),정대련 ( Dae Ryun Chung ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2016 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 유아교육기관에서의 철학적 탐구공동체 활동이 유아 인성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보려는 목적으로 시도되었다. 연구대상은 경기도 G시에 위치한 시립 T어린이집 2개 학급의 5세 유아 38명이다. 실험집단 유아에게는 연구자가 주 2회씩 22회차 동안 선정된 10권의 그림책을 활용하여 철학적 탐구공동체 활동을 실시하였으며, 비교집단 유아에게는 담임교사가 동일한 그림책을 활용하여 이야기나누기 활동을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째 철학적 탐구공동체 활동에 참여한 실험집단과 참여하지 않은 비교집단 간 유아의 인성차원의 총점에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 철학적 탐구공동체 활동이 실험집단 유아의 인성차원별 즉 개인, 대인 및 사회 차원의 변화에 긍정적인 효과를 미치고있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 토의 중 교사-유아, 유아-유아의 언어적 상호작용 양상에 있어서는 인성의 세 가지 차원과 9개 하위요소가 복합적으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 유아들이 철학적 탐구공동체 활동에 참여하여 인성 덕목과 가치에 관련된 사고하기와 판단하기, 그리고 사고 성향이나 태도를 내면화 할 수 있는 경험을 함으로써, 유아기부터 자신과 타인, 더 나아가 사회적 존재로서 적합한 인성을 함양할 수 있다는 가능성을 보였다는 데서 본연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to apply and analyze the activities that build a community of philosophical inquiry using 10 picture books related to young children’s character development. As research subjects, this study selected 38 5-year-old children from a nursery school in G city, Gyeonggi-do, and conducted the activities that build a community of philosophical inquiry with 19 children in the experimental group for 22 sessions (30-40 minutes per session) and estimated the changes with the 「Humanity Rating Scale for 3-5 year-old Children」. The results are as follows. First, there were positive changes in the total points for the experimental group. Second, some meaningful differences were observed between the experimental and comparative group in the three dimensions of character value,:personal, interpersonal, and social value. Third, the experimental group showed positive changes in 9 factors for the 3 dimensions,:self -establishment, positive attitude toward life, aesthetic attainment, sense of moral responsibility, moral judgment, respect for other people, forgiveness in others and generosity, duty and role as a member of society, and cosmopolitan spirit during the activities and daily lives in the classroom. In conclusion, 5 procedures for building a community of philosophical inquiry could help young children improve their character development by using the 10 picture books examined in this study.

Distinct clinical features and outcomes in never‐smokers with nonsmall cell lung cancer who harbor <i>EGFR</i> or <i>KRAS</i> mutations or <i>ALK</i> rearrangement

Kim, Hye Ryun,Shim, Hyo Sup,Chung, Jin‐,Haeng,Lee, Young Joo,Hong, Yun Kyoung,Rha, Sun Young,Kim, Se Hoon,Ha, Sang‐,Jun,Kim, Se Kyu,Chung, Kyung Young,Soo, Ross,Kim, Joo Hang,Cho, Byoung C Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Cancer Vol.118 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>The objectives of this study were to determine the proportions of major oncogenic alterations and to examine survival in genotype‐specific subsets of never‐smokers with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>The authors concurrently analyzed mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (<I>EGFR</I>) and v‐Ki‐<I>ras</I>2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (<I>KRAS</I>) genes and investigated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<I>ALK</I>) gene rearrangements in samples from 229 never‐smokers with NSCLC. <I>ALK</I> rearrangements were identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization and were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Mutations in <I>EGFR</I> (exons 18 to 21) and <I>KRAS</I> (codons 12 and 13) were determined by direct sequencing.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>Of 229 tumors, the frequency of <I>EGFR</I> mutations, <I>ALK</I> rearrangements, <I>KRAS</I> mutations, and no mutations (wild type [WT]) in any of the 3 genes (<I>WT/WT/WT</I>) was 48%, 8.3%, 3.5%, and 40.2%, respectively. All genetic alterations were mutually exclusive. The median progression‐free survival after treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was 12.8 months, 6.3 months, 2.1 months, and 1.6 months in patients with <I>EGFR</I> mutations, the <I>WT/WT/WT</I> genotype, <I>KRAS</I> mutations, and <I>ALK</I> rearrangements, respectively. In a Cox regression model, the adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of disease progression after treatment with EGFR TKIs was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40‐0.87; <I>P</I> = .008) for patients with <I>EGFR</I> mutations, 4.58 (95% CI, 2.07‐10.15; <I>P</I> < .001) for patients with <I>ALK</I> rearrangements, and 4.23 (95% CI, 1.65‐10.8; <I>P</I> = .003) for patients with <I>KRAS</I> mutations. Overall survival also differed significantly among genotypes.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>To the authors' knowledge, this was the largest comprehensive and concurrent analysis to date of 3 major oncogenic alterations in a cohort of East Asian never‐smokers with NSCLC. Because survival outcomes differed among genotypes, and drugs that target specific alterations currently are available, genetic profiling to identify genotype‐specific subsets can lead to successful treatment with appropriate kinase inhibitors. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.</P>

6. 인삼 뿌리 썩음병균 Fusarium solani 에 대한 Streptomyces spp . 의 길항작용

정후섭,정영륜,오승환 한국균학회 1981 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.9 No.3

1. All the nine isolates of Streptomyces produced chitinase and lysis of mycelium. Six isolates of them inhibited conidial germination and growth of the mycelium of Fusariurrt solani. 2. In the ten fold concentrated culture filtrate of Streptomyces ST59, the number of conidia of F. solani and Cylindracarpon destructans was reduced to about 31% and 18% of original count, respectively. 3. Chitinase activity rcse as the incubation period increased, whereas volumes of the mycelium of F. solani were reduced. In the mineral salt medium containing chitin, chitinase activity was increased during the 4 days and kept a steady state until 8days. then increased again. 4. Chitinase activity and reduction of mycelial volume were maximal at 40℃ 5. strep tomyces ST59 lysed the mycelia. macroconidia and chlamydospores of F. solani in the mineral salt medium at 30℃ for 6 days culture.

Forest Soil Metagenome Gene Cluster Involved in Antifungal Activity Expression in Escherichia coli

Chung, Eu Jin,Lim, He Kyoung,Kim, Jin-Cheol,Choi, Gyung Ja,Park, Eun Jin,Lee, Myung Hwan,Chung, Young Ryun,Lee, Seon-Woo American Society for Microbiology 2008 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.74 No.3

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Using two forest soils, we previously constructed two fosmid libraries containing 113,700 members in total. The libraries were screened to select active antifungal clones using <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> as a target fungus. One clone from the Yuseong pine tree rhizosphere soil library, pEAF66, showed <I>S. cerevisiae</I> growth inhibition. Despite an intensive effort, active chemicals were not isolated. DNA sequence analysis and transposon mutagenesis of pEAF66 revealed 39 open reading frames (ORFs) and indicated that eight ORFs, probably in one transcriptional unit, might be directly involved in the expression of antifungal activity in <I>Escherichia coli</I>. The deduced amino acid sequences of eight ORFs were similar to those of the core genes encoding type II family polyketide synthases, such as the acyl carrier protein (ACP), ACP synthases, aminotransferase, and ACP reductase. The gene cluster involved in antifungal activity was similar in organization to the putative antibiotic production locus of <I>Pseudomonas putida</I> KT2440, although we could not select a similar active clone from the KT2440 genomic DNA library in <I>E. coli</I>. ORFs encoding ATP binding cassette transporters and membrane proteins were located at both ends of the antifungal gene cluster. Upstream ORFs encoding an IclR family response regulator and a LysR family response regulator were involved in the positive regulation of antifungal gene expression. Our results suggested the metagenomic approach as an alternative to search for novel antifungal antibiotics from unculturable soil bacteria. This is the first report of an antifungal gene cluster obtained from a soil metagenome using <I>S. cerevisiae</I> as a target fungus.</P>

Bacillus oryzicola sp. nov., an Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from the Roots of Rice with Antimicrobial, Plant Growth Promoting, and Systemic Resistance Inducing Activities in Rice

Chung, Eu Jin,Hossain, Mohammad Tofajjal,Khan, Ajmal,Kim, Kyung Hyun,Jeon, Che Ok,Chung, Young Ryun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.2

Biological control of major rice diseases has been attempted in several rice-growing countries in Asia during the last few decades and its application using antagonistic bacteria has proved to be somewhat successful for controlling various fungal diseases in field trials. Two novel endophytic Bacillus species, designated strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$, with antimicrobial, plant growth-promoting, and systemic resistance-inducing activities were isolated from the roots of rice in paddy fields at Jinju, Korea, and their multifunctional activities were analyzed. Strain YC7007 inhibited mycelial growth of major rice fungal pathogens strongly in vitro. Bacterial blight and panicle blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (KACC 10208) and Burkholderia glumae (KACC 44022), respectively, were also suppressed effectively by drenching a bacterial suspension ($10^7cfu/ml$) of strain YC7007 on the rhizosphere of rice. Additionally, strain YC7007 promoted the growth of rice seedlings with higher germination rates and more tillers than the untreated control. The taxonomic position of the strains was also investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains belong to the genus Bacillus, with high similarity to the closely related strains, Bacillus siamensis KACC $15859^T$ (99.67%), Bacillus methylotrophicus KACC $13105^T$ (99.65%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum KACC $17177^T$ (99.60%), and Bacillus tequilensis KACC $15944^T$ (99.45%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain $YC7010^T$ and the most closely related strain, B. siamensis KACC $15859^T$ was $50.4{\pm}3.5%$, but it was $91.5{\pm}11.0%$ between two strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$, indicating the same species. The major fatty acids of two strains were anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ and iso $C_{15:0}$. Both strains contained MK-7 as a major respiratory quinone system. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of two strains were 50.5 mol% and 51.2 mol%, respectively. Based on these polyphasic studies, the two strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$ represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is $YC7010^T$ (= KACC $18228^T$). Taken together, our findings suggest that novel endophytic Bacillus strains can be used for the biological control of rice diseases.

Hydrogenophaga caeni sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge

Chung, Bok Sil,Ryu, Seung Hyun,Park, Minjeong,Jeon, Yeji,Chung, Young Ryun,Jeon, Che Ok Microbiology Society 2007 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.57 No.5

Studies on Lectins from Marine Shells (III) : Screening of Lectin-like Agglutinins from Marine Shells

Chung, See-Ryun,Kim, Jang-Hwan,Suh, Young-Ah,Jeunechung, Kyung-Hee The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1986 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.9 No.4

Forty species of marine shells were collected from Korean coasts and studied extensively for their lectin activities by using erythrocytes of human blooc A, AB, B. O group and rabbit blood. In total, 7 species contained lectines :Neptunea intersculpta, Omphalius nigerrimus and Scapharca subcrenata, blood group nonspecific; Saxidomus purpuratus, human blood A and AB group specific; Lepidozona coreana, Tegilarca granosa and Neptunea polycosta, rabbit blood specific.

Production of a Phytotoxic Compound, 3-Phenylpropionic Acid by a Bacterial Endophyte, Arthrobacter humicola YC6002 Isolated from the Root of Zoysia japonica

Chung, Eu-Jin,Park, Joo-Hwang,Park, Tae-Soon,Ahn, Jong-Woong,Chung, Young-Ryun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.3

An endophytic bacterial strain, Arthrobacter humicola YC6002, was isolated from a surface sterilized root of Korean turf grass (Zoysia japonica) collected from Jinju, Korea. This strain showed inhibitory effect on germination and shoot growth of radish. The inhibition of germination and shoot growth of radish seeds varied depending on the age of culture and the temperature at which it was incubated. The culture filtrate of 1/10-strength Tryptic Soy Broth medium, incubated for 48 hours at $30^{\circ}C$, showed the highest inhibitory effect on radish seed germination and shoot growth (92% inhibition as compared to control). The active compound with seed germination and shoot growth inhibition was purified and identified as 3-phenylpropionic acid. The purified compound had 53% and 93% inhibitory effect on seed germination and shoot growth of radish for 500 and 1000 ppm solutions, respectively.