소춘 김기전의 소년해방운동과 교육의 이상

김용휘 ( Kim¸ Yonghwi ) 방정환연구소 2021 방정환연구 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구는 소춘 김기전의 교육사상을 「매일신보」 시절과 『개벽』지의 주필 시절로 나눠서 보면서 그의 교육론의 형성배경과 그 특징을 논하고 있다. 그 과정에서 루소의 교육론이 적지 않은 영향을 미쳤다는 점도 살펴보았다. 하지만 결국 그의 교육사상에는 ‘어린이는 한울님’으로 보는 동학의 아동관, 그리고 ‘공경’을 새로운 삶의 원리로 제시한 해월의 사상이 있었다. 그는 교육을 인간 건축으로 생각하면서 그 도안을 설계하고, 그것을 일상의 삶에서 힘써 구현하려고 했다. 실제로 그는 그런 생각을 단지 이론으로 그치지 않고 실제 자신의 삶 속에서 끊임없이 구현하려고 치열하게 분투했다. 그가 꿈꾼 이상은 자아초월, 나아가 자아완성의 이상이었으며, 그것은 ‘한울’과 합일된 인격, 그리고 자기 안에서 ‘무궁성’을 자각하는 것이었다. 이 과정에서, 그의 소년해방운동은 단순한 어린이를 존중하고 평등하게 대하자는 사상에 그친 것이 아니라 모든 존재를 차별 없이 대하는 인간해방, 나아가 모든 생명에까지 차별없이 대하자는 차원이었다. 따라서 그것은 단순한 해방운동이나 사회개혁운동이 아니라 문명적 ‘개벽운동’이었다. 그 과정에서 그가 가장 중시한 것이 ‘공경’이었다. 이는 그가 해월의 사인여천과 양천주 그리고 삼경 등 동학적 삶의 원리를 누구보다도 충실히 계승하고 있음을 여실히 보여주는 것이라 하겠다. This study discusses the background of his educational thoughts and its characteristics by dividing Sochun Kim Ki-jeon’s educational ideas into the days of “Maeil Shinbo” and the days of editor-in-chief of “Gaebyeok”. In the process, it was also examined that Rousseau’s theory of education had a considerable influence. In the end, however, there was Donghak(東學)’s view of children as “children are Divine(Hanulnim)”, and Haewol(海月 崔時亨, 1827-1898)’s idea of “reverence” as a new principle of life. While thinking of education as human architecture, he designed the vision and tried to embody it in everyday life. In fact, he struggled fiercely to constantly implement such ideas in his own life, not just as a theory. The ideal he dreamed of was the ideal of self-transcendence and self-completion, and it was the unified personality with ‘Divinity(Hanul)’ and the awareness of ‘infinity’ within himself. In this process, his youth liberation movement was not just the idea of respecting children and treating children equally, but a human liberation movement that treated all people without discrimination, and furthermore, it was an ecological liberation movement to treat all life without discrimination. Therefore, it was not a simple liberation movement or a social reform movement, but a civilizational “gaebyeok movement(開闢運動)”. In the process, the most important thing he paid attention to was ‘reverence’. This clearly shows that he is more faithfully inheriting the principles of life of ‘Donghak’ such as ‘Sainyeocheon(事人如天)’, ‘Yangcheonju(養天主)’ and ‘Samkyung(三敬)’ of Haewol.

Synthesis of phase-pure interpenetrated MOF-5 and its gas sorption properties.

Kim, Hyunuk,Das, Sunirban,Kim, Min Gyu,Dybtsev, Danil N,Kim, Yonghwi,Kim, Kimoon American Chemical Society 2011 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.50 No.8

<P>For the first time, phase-pure interpenetrated MOF-5 (1) has been synthesized and its gas sorption properties have been investigated. The phase purity of the material was confirmed by both single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies and TGA analysis. A systematic study revealed that controlling the pH of the reaction medium is critical to the synthesis of phase-pure 1, and the optimum apparent pH (pH*) for the formation of 1 is 4.0-4.5. At higher or lower pH*, [Zn(2)(BDC)(2)(DMF)(2)] (2) or [Zn(5)(OH)(4)(BDC)(3)] (3), respectively, was predominantly formed. The pore size distribution obtained from Ar sorption experiments at 87 K showed only one peak, at ~6.7 ?, which is consistent with the average pore size of 1 revealed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Compared to MOF-5, 1 exhibited higher stability toward heat and moisture. Although its surface area is much smaller than that of MOF-5 due to interpenetration, 1 showed a significantly higher hydrogen capacity (both gravimetric and volumetric) than MOF-5 at 77 K and 1 atm, presumably because of its higher enthalpy of adsorption, which may correlate with its higher volumetric hydrogen uptake compared to MOF-5 at room temperature, up to 100 bar. However, at high pressures and 77 K, where the saturated H(2) uptake mostly depends on the surface area of a porous material, the total hydrogen uptake of 1 is notably lower than that of MOF-5.</P>

The guest-dependent thermal response of the flexible MOF Zn₂(BDC)₂(DABCO)

Kim, Yonghwi,Haldar, Ritesh,Kim, Hyunuk,Koo, Jaehyoung,Kim, Kimoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol.45 No.10

<P>The guest-dependent thermal response of the flexible MOF Zn-2(BDC)(2)(DABCO) (1) has been studied. A series of temperature-dependent single crystallographic analyses revealed inherent structural thermal responses of 1. The guest-free framework 1 exhibited interesting thermal responses including anisotropic thermal expansion (negative thermal expansion (NTE) along the a- and b-axes, positive thermal expansion (PTE) along the c-axis) and disorder-order phase transition. In addition, inclusion of guest molecules (DMF and benzene) brought distinct thermal responses to 1 from host-guest interactions. 1.4DMF showed altered thermal responses, presenting disorder-order phase transitions at a higher temperature and PTE along the a- and b-axes. Meanwhile, 1.3benzene displayed a quite different type of thermal response such as a hinge like motion (breathing) without a symmetry change.</P>

스마트폰을 이용한 마우스 기능 구현

김용휘(Yonghwi Kim),김대운(Daewoon Kim),김만우(Manwoo Kim),S.M. Abid Hasan,이관행(Kwan.H. Lee) (사)한국CDE학회 2014 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.2

Systematic Study on the Sensitivity Enhancement in Graphene Plasmonic Sensors Based on Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Graphene Oxide Multilayers and Their Reduced Analogues

Chung, Kyungwha,Rani, Adila,Lee, Ji-Eun,Kim, Ji Eun,Kim, Yonghwi,Yang, Heejin,Kim, Sang Ouk,Kim, Donghyun,Kim, Dong Ha American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.1

<P>The use of graphene in conventional plasmonic devices was suggested by several theoretic research studies. However, the existing theoretic studies are not consistent with one another and the experimental studies are still at the initial stage. To reveal the role of graphenes on the plasmonic sensors, we deposited graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films on Au films and their refractive index (RI) sensitivity was compared for the first time in SPR-based sensors. The deposition of GO bilayers with number of deposition L from 1 to 5 was carried out by alternative dipping of Au substrate in positively- and negatively charged GO solutions. The fabrication of layer-by-layer self-assembly of the graphene films was monitored in terms of the SPR angle shift. GO-deposited Au film was treated with hydrazine to reduce the GO. For the rGO-Au sample, 1 bilayer sample showed a higher RI sensitivity than bare Au film, whereas increasing the rGO film from 2 to 5 layers reduced the RI sensitivity. In the case of GO-deposited Au film, the 3 bilayer sample showed the highest sensitivity. The biomolecular sensing was also performed for the graphene multilayer systems using BSA and anti-BSA antibody.</P>

Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Gaseous Structures in Spiral Galaxies

Yonghwi Kim,Woong-Tae Kim 한국천문학회 2015 天文學會報 Vol.40 No.1

WIGGLE INSTABILITY OF GALACTIC SPIRAL SHOCKS: EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS

Kim, Yonghwi,Kim, Woong-Tae,Elmegreen, Bruce G. IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.809 No.1

<P>It has been suggested that the wiggle instability (WI) of spiral shocks in a galactic disk is responsible for the formation of gaseous feathers observed in grand-design spiral galaxies. We perform both a linear stability analysis and numerical simulations to investigate the effect of magnetic fields on the WI. The disk is assumed to be infinitesimally thin, isothermal, and non-self-gravitating. We control the strengths of magnetic fields and spiral-arm forcing using the dimensionless parameters beta and F, respectively. By solving the perturbation equations as a boundary-eigenvalue problem, we obtain dispersion relations of the WI for various values of beta = 1-infinity and F = 5% and 10%. We find that the WI arising from the accumulation of potential vorticity at disturbed shocks is suppressed, albeit not completely, by magnetic fields. The stabilizing effect of magnetic fields is not from the perturbed fields but from the unperturbed fields that reduce the density compression factor in the background shocks. When F= 5% and beta less than or similar to 10 or F = 10% and beta similar to 5-10, the most unstable mode has a wavelength of similar to 0.1-0.2 times the arm-to-arm separation, which appears consistent with a mean spacing of observed feathers.</P>

Spiral Structure and Mass Inflows in Barred-Spiral Galaxies

Yonghwi Kim,Woong-Tae Kim 한국천문학회 2013 天文學會報 Vol.38 No.2

Wiggle Instability of Magnetized Spiral Shocks

Yonghwi Kim,Woong-Tae Kim 한국천문학회 2014 天文學會報 Vol.39 No.2

Formation of nuclear rings of barred galaxies and star formation therein

Kim, Woong-Tae,Seo, Woo-Young,Kim, Yonghwi Cambridge University Press 2013 Proceedings of the International Astronomical Unio Vol.9 No.suppl303

<B>Abstract</B><P>Barred galaxies contain substructures such as a pair of dust lanes and nuclear rings, with the latter being sites of intense star formation. We study the substructure formation as well as star formation in nuclear rings using numerical simulations. We find that nuclear rings form not by the Lindblad resonances, as previously thought, but by the centrifugal barrier that inflowing gas along dust lanes cannot overcome. This predicts a smaller ring in a more strongly barred galaxy, consistent with observations. Star formation rate (SFR) in a nuclear ring is determined primarily by the mass inflow rate to the ring. In our models, the SFR typically shows a short strong burst associated with the rapid gas infall and stays very small for the rest of the evolution. When the SFR is low, ages of young star clusters exhibit an azimuthal gradient along the ring since star formation takes place mostly near the contact points between the dust lanes and the nuclear ring. When the SFR is large, on the other hand, star formation is widely distributed throughout the whole length of the ring, with no apparent age gradient of star clusters. Since observed ring star formation appears long-lived with episodic bursts, our results suggest that the bar region should be replenished continually with fresh gas from outside.</P>