Effects of Extrusion Conditions on Pasting Properties of Potato and Potato : Wheat Flour Mixture

Cha, Jae Yoon,Cho, Yong-Jin,Kim, Chong-Tai,Kim, Chul-Jin,Ng, P. K. W. 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop extrusion process of fresh potato and to study the effects of extrusion condition on the pasting properties of extruded potato products. The blend of pressed potato and wheat flour and pressed potatoes were extruded at different die exit temperatures (110-160℃) and screw speed of 100 rpm using a twin-screw extruder with conveying, high and low shear screw configuration. The viscosity-related parameters, such as peak viscosity, through, final viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperature of the feed materials and extruded products, were studied using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA). Their water solubility index (WSI) and water absorption index (WAI) were also studied. The peak viscosity, through, final viscosity, and peak time of pressed potato extrudates and potato-wheat flour mixture extrudates decreased as die exit temperature increased. The WSI and WAI of potato products increased as die exit temperature increased. When high shear screw configuration was used, the values of viscosity-related parameters were lower than those when low shear screw configuration was used. The potato-wheat flour mixture products obtained different degrees of depolymerization from fresh potatoes and wheat flour depending on die exit temperature and screw configuration.

용융염산화 반응기에서 기체체류량 및 기-액 흐름특성

조용준,양희철,은희철,유재형,김준형 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.5

용융염산화는 혼성폐기물과 유해폐기물을 효과적으로 산화 및 분해할 수 있는 소각대체기술중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 직경이 0.079 m이고 높이가 0.653 m인 용융염산화 반응기에서 기체체류량 및 기-액 흐름특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 액상으로 용융탄산나트륨을 기상으로 건조된 공기를 사용하였으며 기체유속(0.05-0.22 m/s)과 용융염온도(870-970℃) 변화가 기체체류량 및 기-액 흐름특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 기체체류량은 용융염 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하였는데, 이는 용융염 온도의 증가로 인해 용융된 탄산나트륨의 점도와 표면장력이 감소하였기 때문이다. 실험에서 얻어진 기체체류량 데이터를 drift-flux 모델에 적용하여 용융염반응기 내의 흐름특성을 규명할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 흐름영역에 따른 기체체류량을 정확하게 예측할 수 있었다. Molten salt oxidation is one of the most promising alternatives to incineration that can be used to efficiently destroy the organic components of mixed wastes and hazardous wastes. In this study, the gas holdup and gas-liquid flow characteristics are investigated in the molten salt oxidation reactor (0.076 m D×0.653 m H.). Effects of input air velocity (0.05-0.22m/s ) and molten salt temperature (870-970℃) on the gas holdup and flow characteristics have been studied. Molten carbonate as the liquid phase and air as the gas phase have been used in this study. The gas holdup increases with increasing molten salt temperature due to the decrease of viscosity and surface tension of molten carbonate. The experimentally obtained gas holdups in the molten salt reactor have been well described and characterized by means of drift-flux model. The gas holdups with variation of the flow regime have been well predicted.

항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 장관골 감염성 불유합의 이단계 치료

조세현,정순택,박형빈,황선철,하용찬,황인환 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: 장관골 감염성 불유합의 치료 시 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 이단계 재건술의 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2002년 9월까지 장관골 감염성 불유합으로 이단계 재건 수술을 받은 41예 (대퇴골 26예, 경골 15예)를 대상으로 하였다. 일단계 수술에서는 광범위한 변연 절제술, 부골 제거 및 세척술과 기존 고정 장치의 제거 또는 외고정 장치로의 교환을 시행한 후 시공 (dead space)과 불유합 주변 연부조직 내 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 삽입하였다. 임상적 감염 증상이 호전된 평균 8.7주 (3주~32주) 후 이단계 재건술로서 Ⅰ군은 내고정 장치 (금속판 5예, 골수강내 금속정 8예), Ⅱ군은 외고정 장치 (Ilizarov 25예, Monofixator 3예)로 각각 고정하고 17예에서는 골내 이동술이나 골 연장술을 시행하였다. 양군 모두 필요한 경우 골 이식과 시멘트 정의 교환을 추가하였다. 추시 기간은 16개월에서 최장 71개월로 평균 45개월 이었다. 치료 결과는 골유합 기간 및 Paley 방법에 의한 방사선상 골유합 상태와 하지 기능으로 평가하였다. 결과: Ⅰ군 13예 전부와 Ⅱ군 28예 중 26예에서 감염의 치료와 골유합을 얻었다. 이단계 재건술 후 골 이식술, 골 소파술, 외고정 핀 교환과 각변형 교정술, 피부 이식 또는 근육 피판 회전술 등의 보조적 시술이 Ⅰ군은 평균 2회, Ⅱ군은 평균 6.2회 추가되었다. 평균 골유합 기간은 Ⅰ군이 19.3주이고 Ⅱ군이 23.1주로 내고정군이 더 빨랐다. 방사선상 Paley 골유합 상태는 Ⅰ군이 우수 8예, 양호 5예이었고, Ⅱ군이 우수 18예, 양호 7예, 보통 1예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.492). 기능적 결과는 Ⅰ군에서 우수 6예, 양호 6예, 보통 1예 이었고, Ⅱ군에서는 우수 10예, 양호 13예, 보통 3예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.267). 결론: 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정의 골수염 치료 효과가 관찰되었으며, 감염이 호전된 후 내고정 장치로 교환해 준 군이 외고정을 유지한 군에 비하여 추가 수술 횟수가 적고, 골유합 기간도 빨랐다. Purpose: To evaluate treatment results between internal na external fixation groups in two-stage reconstruction of infected nonunion of long bones using antibiotics-impregnated cement beads. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, preexisting hardwares were removed and radical debridement was done. The dead space was filled with antibiotics -impregnated cement beads and the nonunion sits was immobilized by external fixation, cast or skeletal traction. In the second stage, all cases were divided into two groups; the nonunion was fixed by internal fixation in group Ⅰ versus external fixation in group Ⅱ. The intervening period between the first and second stage was average 8.7 weeks (range, 3~23 weeks). Results: The follow-up period was average 45 months (range, 16~71 months). Infection control and bone union were achieved in all 13 cases of group Ⅰ. Infection recurred in two of 28 cases in group Ⅱ, one underwent above-knee amputation and the other case was lost in follow-up. The mean number of supportive operations including repeated curettage, augmentation and change of infected pins, angular correction, and soft tissue flap was average 2 and 6.2 times respectively in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. Bony union period was average 19.3 and 23.1 weeks in each group. According to Paley's classification, group Ⅰ was similar to group Ⅱ in bony and functional result (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotics-impregnated cement beads provided positive effect on infection control. Internal fixation group showed less number of additional operations and earlier bony union than external fixation group.

水稻作의 生産力格差에 관한 硏究 : 全北 西部平野地帶를 중심으로

趙佳鈺,申永澈 韓國農業政策學會 1994 농업경영정책연구 Vol.21 No.2

국제유도의 스포츠화 과정에 관한 고찰

조용철,이운형 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2001 武道硏究所誌 Vol.12 No.1

Under the realization that Judo gets more recognized as an international sport, this study, this study is aimed to take a close look at the Judo's development process to an international sport and changes resulting from the development. The study has come to the following four conclusions. First, along with Judo's transition into an international sports, the International Judo Federation (IJF) is also changing from a Japan-centered organization to a more international body. Judo has positioned itself as an international sport with the help of the IJF establishment, the regular holding of international Judo contests and the Judo's selection as an official Olympic sport event. Secondly, Judo's free practice style indicates that it still preserves martial art aspects, but the possibility of getting injured becomes minimized. In other words, it took one step further toward an international sport. Since the foundation of the IJF, Judo's techniques have been globally standardized. Thirdly, Judo games are shifting from defense-oriented to offense-oriented as game rules are in favor of offensive players over defensive ones. Fourthly, mindful of the general perception that it would be better to expand score zones, enable clear and far judgment, and turn a Judo match to a more offense-oriented one, the IJF has exerted its best efforts go make the Judo game rules more rational, realistic and simpler. It has yielded fruitful results. As mentioned above, Judo is a sport, which developed from a martial art. In the process of transition, however, it might lose its unique martial art features, which are commonly shared by oriental sports, Without martial art aspects, Judo would bo no different from other western sports. Therefore, in future studies, I would like to focus on problems looming with respect to the Judo's transformation into an international sport, and present solutions.

비대칭 Stilbene 유도체의 고체상 합성

조철희,류태용,박광용 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

Stilbene derivatives, which are of great interests due to their potent biological and optical activities (e.g. using emitting materials in OELD's and non-linear optical (NLO) materials), were produced via the nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of polymer-bound stilbenesulfonates with aryl Grignard reagents employing solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS). This traceless method would be useful for preparing unfunctionalized arene library in solid-phase parallel synthesis.

대륙별 유도기술 변천의 관한 연구

조용철,황성주 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2004 武道硏究所誌 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose this study to investigate continental different of judo competition techniques. I have got the following condusion through the consequence of the investigation analysis about the frequency distribution of the obtained marks, the distribute of irregular numbers and the use frequency distribution which was showed of each technique and these were showed through the total 3 Games. The method of crosstabs was used to verify the mean ratio and frequency distribution test was also used for the verification when there was a slight difference among the continental difference. All data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 producer. The results of this study are like the below: 1) The result in the case of techniques ratio to continental different showed that significant difference throwing techniques and drop techniques. 2) We examined a technique in this 3 Games. In results, the rate of used technique is followed: Asia(foot techniques(41.8%), hand techniques(36.1%), drop throw techniques(10.8%)), Europe(foot techniques(38%), hand tec h iques(27.3%), drop throw techniques(14.5%)) and America(foot techniques(41.9%), hand techniques(34.9%), drop throw techniques(9.3%)) significant difference techniques ratio. 3) Male player of extra light and half light weight used hand techniques Asia(36.3%), Europe(36%), America(37.8%) and waist techniques is Asia(9.1%), Europe(6.1%), America(5.4%). Foot techniques is Asia(41.9%), Europe(39.9%), America(45.9%). Drop throw techniques is Asia(8.2%), Europe(8.3%), America(5.4%). Female player used hand techniques(Asia(35.7%), Europe(12.2%), America(16.7%)). The Europe waist techniques(122%) is higher than Asia(3.2%).

유도 스포츠화 과정의 변화요인에 관한 연구

조용철 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

This study is about the changes of techniques, the changes of Competition Rules and commercialism which have changed the competition style in Judo. The main contents of the study were summarized as follows: First, the changes of techniques in Judo have leaded changed strategies for winning a game. Nowadays a lot of sports, such as boxing, wrestling, Teakgundo, football, basketball and so on, have converted defensive play style into offensive one. This offensive play style is common not only in Judo but also in modern sports. Second, Competition Rules in Judo have been based on practical use of a sports ground, subdivided weight, safety of players, efficiency of game development, specialized rules for accuracy of judgement, detail rules for games' management, subdivision of forbidden actions, etc. These changes have played an important role in organization of Competition Rules and also this organization of the Rules has made Judo a sport. Third, commercialism for sports has been important in modern sports, so commercialism in Judo has characteristics for sports rather than Military arts. Especially attendance of massmedia and interest of spectators have made Judo change, so The base of Judo's change is commercialism.

중국 체육행정 조직관리의 이론적 고찰

조연철,임용호 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1997 科學論集 Vol.23 No.-

In these days, an open-door policy and the market economy of China have an effect on development of the all chinese society, and bring on changes in many fields- politics, economy, culture, and so on. Thus, the administative oganization of physical education on centralizing system based on existing planned economy system is changing. The system of the existing administative oganizationth of physical education is divided by the management system of government and community. The management system of government for administative oganization of physical education is still characteristic of centralizing system carried out main projects of physical education. There is many changes as result of system reformation to achieve the proper management system of administative oganization of physical education for the market economy. The management of centralizing system is weakened, and the self-control of the management system of community improve, that is, the macroscopic management funtion of government and microscopic management funtion of community is stregthened.

유도기 등가회로정수의 정밀산정

조용철,좌종근 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents a new method to determine the T-type equivalent circuit parameters for steady state analysis of induction motors. To determine the parameters, four simultaneous equations are obtained from the T-type equivalent circuit conditions. The initial values for these equations are evaluated by the simplified equivalent circuits. and then the parameters are calculated by iterative computation. Test results are compared with the computed results of the conventional method and the proposed method to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. And it is found that the latter method is more accurate than the former method.