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Bacterial degradation of thiocyanate contained in waste water from a coke-oven factory
Katayama, Yoko 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.2
Thiocyanate-assimilating bacterium, Thiobacillus thioparus, was isolated from activated sludge used for the treatment of thiocyanate contained in waste water from coke-oven factory. When grown in the presence of thiocyanate, a pure culture of T. thioparus was found to hydrolyze thiocyanate to carbonyl sulfide(COS). The maximum amount of COS detected in the head space of a sealed flask was 2.2 μmol which represented 0.2% of total thiocyanate. COS was incorporated into the cells during further incubation, and could not be detected in the head space. Activated sludge for the treatment of thiocyanate, which contained T. thioparus as a thiocyanate degrading bacterium, also showed emission followed by disappearance of COS in the head space when incubated with thiocyanate. These results provide evidence for the biogenic origin of COS which may play an important role in the formation of sulfate aerosol in the stratosphere and the greenhouse effect.
Honami Miyazaki,Yoko Okamoto,Aya Motoi,Takafumi Watanabe,Shigeru Katayama,Sei-ichi Kawahara,Hidefumi Makabe,Hiroshi Fujii,Shinichi Yonekura 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.1
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that induces symptoms such as a decrease in motor function and cognitive impairment. Increases in the aggregation and deposition of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in the brain may be closely correlated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, the effects of an adzuki bean extract on the aggregation of Aβ were examined; moreover, the anti-Alzheimer’s activity of the adzuki extract was examined. MATERIALS/METHODS: First, we undertook thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the effect of an adzuki bean extract on Aβ42 aggregation. To evaluate the effects of the adzuki extract on the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in vivo, Aβ42-overexpressing Drosophila were used. In these flies, overexpression of Aβ42 induced the formation of Aβ42 aggregates in the brain, decreased motor function, and resulted in cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Based on the results obtained by ThT fluorescence assays and TEM, the adzuki bean extract inhibited the formation of Aβ42 aggregates in a concentration-dependent manner. When Aβ42-overexpressing flies were fed regular medium containing adzuki extract, the Aβ42 level in the brain was significantly lower than that in the group fed regular medium only. Furthermore, suppression of the decrease in motor function, suppression of cognitive impairment, and improvement in lifespan were observed in Aβ42-overexpressing flies fed regular medium with adzuki extract. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal the delaying effects of an adzuki bean extract on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and provide useful information for identifying novel prevention treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.
Misato Hirano,Junko Shibato,Randeep Rakwal,Nobuo Kouyama,Yoko Katayama,Motohiro Hayashi,Yoshinori Masuo 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.2
Gamma knife surgery (GKS) is used for the treatment of various human brain disorders. However, the biological effects of gamma ray irradiation on both the target area, and the surrounding tissues are not well studied. The effects of gamma ray exposure to both targeted and untargeted regions were therefore evaluated by monitoring gene expression changes in the unilateral irradiated (60 Gy) and contralateral un-irradiated striata in the rat. Striata of irradiated and control brains were dissected 16 hours post-irradiation for analysis using a whole genome 44K DNA oligo microarray approach. The results revealed 230 induced and 144 repressed genes in the irradiated striatum and 432 induced and 239 repressed genes in the unirradiated striatum. Out of these altered genes 39 of the induced and 16 of the reduced genes were common to both irradiated and un-irradiated tissue. Results of semiquantitative, confirmatory RT-PCR and western blot analyses suggested that γ-irradiation caused cellular damage, including oxidative stress, in the striata of both hemispheres of the brains of treated animals.