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Predicting the Onset of Housing Affordability Problem
Yip Chee Yin,Au Yong Hui Nee,Abdelhak Senadjki,Oon Kam Hoe People&Global Business Association 2018 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.23 No.3
This paper aims to use threshold values of housing price index, economic growth and mortgage rate as guidance to predict the onset of housing affordability problem by recursive forecasting method using graphical and autoregressive distributed lag model. These threshold values are taken from the findings of our previous study entitled “Housing Affordability Dynamics”, featured in the International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research (November 2017). We define housing affordability index and its threshold value, 130, below which, there is housing affordability problem. Next, we obtained the threshold values respectively for housing price index which must be less than 162, economic growth more than 5.32% and mortgage rate less than 5.57% for housing affordability to prevail. Applying the research in the Malaysian context, the results show that Malaysia is still in the midst of housing affordability problem and through the current study, we come to the conclusion that we should use the autoregressive distributed lag model every quarter so that if housing affordability index is found to be between 117 and 143, legislation should be introduced and implemented to ensure that housing affordability does not fall into unaffordability zone. The implication of the research result is that with prior knowledge of the imminent onset of housing affordability, policymakers could initiate timely intervention measures to stabilize housing affordability and thus minimize the damaging effect brought about by housing unaffordability if not deflect the crisis from occurring altogether.
Neuropathic Pain after Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Correction Surgery
Hasan Mohd Shahnaz,Goh Khean Jin,Yip Hing Wa,Mohamad Siti Mariam,Chan Teik Seng,Chong Kok Ian,Haseeb Amber,Chiu Chee Kidd,Wei Chris Chan Yin,Kwan Mun Keong 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5
Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and the associated risk factors of chronic neuropathic pain symptoms using painDETECT questionnaire in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery. Overview of Literature: Post-lumbar surgery syndrome is a disease entity that describes neuropathic pain following spinal surgery. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors for neuropathic pain in pediatric population undergoing corrective spinal surgery. Methods: Forty AIS patients were recruited. Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative data were recorded. The magnitude and characteristics of postoperative pain were assessed using the painDETECT questionnaire through telephone enquiries at intervals of 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Statistical analyses were followed by Pearson correlation test to determine the relationship between pain scores at 6, 12, and 24 weeks with the risk factors. Results: Based on the painDETECT questionnaire, 90% of the patients had nociceptive pain, and 10% had a possible neuropathic pain component at 2 weeks postoperatively as per a mean painDETECT score of 7.1±4.5. Assessments at 6, 12, and 24 weeks showed that no patients had neuropathic pain with painDETECT scores of 4.4±3.2, 2.9±2.9, and 1.5±2.0, respectively. There was a significant correlation between total postoperative morphine use during 48 hours after the surgery and a tendency to develop neuropathic pain (p=0.022). Conclusions: Chronic neuropathic pain was uncommon in AIS patients who had undergone PSF surgery. Higher opioid consumption will increase the possibility of developing chronic neuropathic pain.